Immunoexpression of HSP27 does not seem to influence the prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

New methods of early detection and risk assessment have been studied aiming to predict the prognosis of patients and directing a specialized treatment of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). In this context, several molecular biomarkers have been investigated for this purpose, and, among them, the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) can be named. The study aimed to analyze whether heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) exerts any influence on OTSCC, correlating its immunoexpression with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. The sample comprised 55 OTSCC cases and 20 normal oral mucosa specimens. The malignancy grading systems proposed by the WHO in 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al., and Almangush et al. were applied in a histomorphological study. HSP27 expressions were evaluated through the Immunoreactivity Score System (IRS). Significant values were considered at p <0.05 for all statistical tests. Higher IRS results were observed for normal oral mucosa specimens when compared to OTSCC cases (p <0.001). No significant associations between HSP27 immunostaining, the analyzed clinicopathological parameters and patient survival were observed. The results of the present study indicate lower HSP27 expression in OTSCC cases compared to normal oral mucosa specimens. Thus, HSP27 expression does not seem to influence patient prognosis.

Silencing of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) inhibits proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality. Evidence obtained for different types of cancer shows that tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance are regulated by heat shock factor 1. This research aimed to analyze the effects of heat shock factor 1 on the biological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Clinicopathological and immunoexpression study of heat shock factor 1 in 70 cases of oral tongue SCC and functional assays by gene silencing of this factor in an oral tongue SCC cell line. RESULTS: Heat shock factor 1 was overexpressed in oral tongue SCC specimens compared to normal oral mucosa (p < 0.0001) and in the SCC15 line compared to immortalized keratinocytes (p < 0.005). No significant associations were observed between overexpression of heat shock factor 1 and clinicopathological parameters or survival rates of the oral tongue SCC cases in the present sample. In vitro experiments showed that heat shock factor 1 silencing inhibited cell proliferation (p < 0.005) and cell cycle progression, with the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase (p < 0.01). In addition, heat shock factor 1 silencing reduced cell invasion capacity (p < 0.05) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, characterized by a decrease in vimentin expression (p < 0.05) and an increase in E-cadherin expression (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Heat shock factor 1 may exert several functions that help maintain cell stability under the stressful conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, strategies targeting the regulation of this protein may in the future be a useful therapeutic tool to control the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Immunoexpression of HSP27 does not seem to influence the prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract New methods of early detection and risk assessment have been studied aiming to predict the prognosis of patients and directing a specialized treatment of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). In this context, several molecular biomarkers have been investigated for this purpose, and, among them, the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) can be named. The study aimed to analyze whether heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) exerts any influence on OTSCC, correlating its immunoexpression with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. The sample comprised 55 OTSCC cases and 20 normal oral mucosa specimens. The malignancy grading systems proposed by the WHO in 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al., and Almangush et al. were applied in a histomorphological study. HSP27 expressions were evaluated through the Immunoreactivity Score System (IRS). Significant values were considered at p <0.05 for all statistical tests. Higher IRS results were observed for normal oral mucosa specimens when compared to OTSCC cases (p <0.001). No significant associations between HSP27 immunostaining, the analyzed clinicopathological parameters and patient survival were observed. The results of the present study indicate lower HSP27 expression in OTSCC cases compared to normal oral mucosa specimens. Thus, HSP27 expression does not seem to influence patient prognosis.

Resumo Novos métodos de detecção precoce e avaliação de risco estão sendo estudados com o intuito de predizer o prognóstico dos pacientes e direcionar um tratamento diferenciado. Neste contexto, vários biomarcadores moleculares têm sido investigados com esta finalidade, dentre eles a heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar se a HSP27 exerce alguma influência nos carcinomas de células escamosas de língua oral (CCELO), correlacionando a sua imunoexpressão com parâmetros clinicopatológicos e com a sobrevida dos pacientes. A amostra foi constituída por 55 casos de CCELO e 20 espécimes de mucosa oral normal. Os sistemas de gradação de malignidade propostos pela OMS em 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al. e Almangush et al. foram aplicados em um estudo histomorfológico. A expressão da HSP27 foi avaliada através do Sistema de Escore de Imunorreatividade (IRS). Para todos os testes estatísticos foram considerados valores significativos com p<0,05. Foi observado um maior IRS para a mucosa oral normal quando comparado aos casos de CCELO (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre a imunomarcação da HSP27 com os parâmetros clinicopatológicos analisados e com a sobrevida dos pacientes. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam uma menor expressão da HSP27 nos casos de CCELO quando comparados aos espécimes de mucosa oral normal. Assim, a expressão da HSP27 parece não influenciar o prognóstico dos pacientes.

Assessment of the presence of interleukin 17+ macrophages and Th17 cells in situ in lip and oral tongue cancer.

Increasing clinical evidence indicates that Th17 cells may promote or inhibit tumor progression, however the exact role of these cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCCs) pathogenesis and progression remains unclear. Tumor associated macrophages are highly plastic phenotype cells which can differentiate as M1 or M2. The mechanism and cellular phenotype of IL-17 expressing macrophages are unknown. 40 cases of lip and 28 of tongue SCCs were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis, and histologically graded. In tongue cases TNM was analyzed. The number of IL-17+ T cells was higher in lip SCC (p = 0.028). IL-17+ macrophages was greater in tongue SCC (p = 0.014). There were more IL-17+ macrophages in the high-grade malignancy oral tongue SCCs (p = 0.016), yet there was no significant difference in the numbers of RORγt+ lymphocytes by histopathological or TNM analysis. This study provides evidence concerning IL-17's pleiotropic roles, being possibly dependent on its cellular sources in the tumor microenvironment.

Histopathologic grading and its relationship with outcome in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Histopathologic grading has been routinely used as a complement for clinical staging in the prognostication of patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). However, this subject remains contentious because there is no universally accepted grading system. OBJECTIVES: This study compared the prognostic significance of four histopathologic grading systems in 80 cases of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS: Clinical and follow-up information of the patients were obtained from medical records. Histopathologic malignancy grading of the tumor invasive front, Histologic risk assessment (HRA), World Health Organization (WHO) grading system, and Budding and Depth of invasion (BD) model were evaluated in the surgical specimens. RESULTS: The HRA, histopathologic malignancy grading and WHO systems did not predict survival. Patients with larger tumor size [Hazard ratio (HR): 2.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-5.27; P = 0.026] and patients with BD model high-grade tumors (HR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.03-8.68; P = 0.034) were significantly associated with a poor 5-year overall survival rate. In the multivariate analysis, tumor size was identified as the only significant independent prognostic factor (HR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.00-4.99; P = 0.050). None of the grading systems studied was associated with 5-year disease-free survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: BD model was the only histopathologic grading system associated with the outcome of patients with OTSCC, indicating its potential value as an effective tool for the prognostication of OTSCC.

Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor-1 (Cripto-1) is overexpressed in epithelial odontogenic lesions displaying more aggressive behaviour.

PURPOSE: Cripto-1 also known as teratoma-derived growth factor 1 (TDGF-1) belongs to the EGF-CFC family of growth factor-like molecules. Cripto-1 is involved with embryonic development and not expressed in adult tissue, but some tumours are accompanied by reactivation. METHODS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Cripto-1 in most common odontogenic cysts and tumours. Thirty ameloblastomas, 30 keratocysts, 30 dentigerous cysts and two ameloblastic carcinomas were evaluated using the polymeric immunoperoxidase technique. Immunohistochemical expressions were analysed by the IRS (immunoreactive score). Statistical analyses were performed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Age ranged from 9 to 75 years old, with a prevalence of females (n = 49/53.3%). The mandible was the most affected anatomical site (n = 69/75.0%). Cripto-1 immunoexpression was observed in all ameloblastoma, keratocyst and ameloblastic carcinoma cases, although nine dentigerous cyst cases (30%) were negative. Expression scores were higher in ameloblastoma, keratocyst and ameloblastic carcinoma cases (median ranging from 8 to 11) when compared with dentigerous cyst cases (median of 2), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cripto-1 is critically important in the progression of several tumours since it is related to significant cell survival and differentiation pathways. The high expression of Cripto-1 in more aggressive odontogenic lesions suggests that this molecule may be involved in the activation of important pathways related to the etiopathogenesis of these lesions.

Peripheral compound odontoma: A rare case report and literature review.

Peripheral odontoma is a very rare odontogenic hamartoma arising in soft tissues. Here, we report a case of peripheral odontoma in a pediatric patient and review the cases published in the literature. An 11-year-old male patient presented a nodular lesion in the anterior region of the palate for over 1 year. Under the clinical hypothesis of fibroma, an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of tooth-like structures, formed by enamel, and dentin matrix, occasionally associated with the dental papilla and surrounding pulp tissue, thus, the histopathological diagnosis of peripheral odontoma was established. The patient has been undergoing follow-up for 6 months without any signs of lesion recurrence. Peripheral odontomas are uncommon lesions that usually affect young patients and display a preference for the maxilla and limited growth potential. The recognition of the clinical and histopathological features of the peripheral odontoma is indispensable for the establishment of its diagnosis.

Análise dos efeitos biológicos associados ao fator de choque térmico 1 (HSF1) no carcinoma de células escamosas oral / Analysis of the biological effects associated with heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma

O carcinoma de células escamosas oral exibe altas taxas de morbimortalidade e evidências em vários tipos tumorais mostram que processos associados à iniciação, à progressão e à resistência terapêutica são regulados por HSF1. Portanto, esclarecer as vias de participação de HSF1 no câncer oral pode auxiliar no entendimento do seu comportamento biológico. Em uma pesquisa previamente desenvolvida por nosso grupo, foram realizados a análise clinicopatológica e o estudo da imunoexpressão de HSF1 em 70 casos de carcinoma de células escamosas de língua oral (CCELO) em comparação com 30 espécimes de mucosa oral normal (MON). Nesta atual investigação, avaliou-se a participação de HSF1 na tumorigênese do CCELO, através de experimentos in vitro com a linhagem celular SCC15, silenciada e não silenciada, com silenciamento confirmado por qRT-PCR e Western Blot. Foram analisadas a viabilidade e proliferação celular, (CellTiter e BRDU, respectivamente), influência no ciclo celular (iodeto de propideo e análise por citometria de fluxo), capacidade de invasão (sistema transwell/Matrigel)e transição epitélio-mesenquimal (TEM) (expressão de E-caderina e vimentina por qRT-PCR). Nossos resultados anteriores evidenciaram que quanto aos casos de CCELO, 57,1% exibiram estadiamento clínico III ou IV, 82,9% foram gradados como de alto grau segundo Bryne (1998), 47,1% como de alto risco segundo Brandwein-Gensler et al. (2005) e 58,8% como de alto risco de acordo com o modelo BD. Observou-se repercussão da gradação de Bryne (1998) (p= 0,05) na sobrevida livre de doença. Tamanho do tumor T3 ou T4 (p= 0,04), recidiva local (p= 0,02) e modelo BD (p=0,02) repercutiram na sobrevida global. Encontrou-se previamente resultado significativo (p<0,01) quando se comparou a imunoexpressão de HSF1 entre a MON e o CCELO, sem associações significativas da imunoexpressão com os parâmetros clinicopatológicos. A partir dos estudos funcionais, observou-se que HSF1 é superexpresso na linhagem SCC15 comparada aos queratinócitos imortalizados (p<0,005) e que o silenciamento deste gene inibiu a proliferação celular (p< 0,005), avanço nas fases do ciclo celular, com aumento do número de células nas fases G0/G1 (p<0,01) e redução das células na fase S (p<0,001), capacidade de invasão (p<0,05) e TEM, com diminuição da expressão de vimentina (p<0,001) e aumento de E-caderina (p<0,05), quando comparadas as linhagens silenciada e controle. Diante destes resultados, sugere-se que HSF1 pode desempenhar diversas funções que ajudam a manter a estabilidade celular em meio às condições estressoras do microambiente tumoral. Assim, futuramente, estratégias envolvendo sua regulação pode ser uma terapia útil no controle da progressão do câncer oral (AU).

Oral squamous cell carcinoma exhibits high rates of morbimortality and evidence in several tumor types shows that processes associated with initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance are regulated by HSF1. Therefore, to clarify the pathways of HSF1 participation in the oral cancer may help in the understanding of its biological behavior. In research previously developed by our group, a clinicopathological analysis and an immunoexpression study of HSF1 of 70 cases of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) were performed in comparison with 30 samples of the normal oral mucosa (NOM). In this current investigation, the role of HSF1 in OTSCC tumorigenesis was evaluated, through in vitro experiments with the SCC15 cell line, silenced and non-silenced, with silencing confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. Cell viability and proliferation (CellTiter and BrdU, respectively), influence on cell cycle (propidium iodide and flow cytometry analysis), invasion capacity (transwell / Matrigel system), and epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT) (expression of E-cadherin and vimentin by qRT-PCR) were evaluated. Our previous results showed that as for the cases of OTSCC, 57.1% exhibited clinical stage III or IV, 82.9% were graded as high grade according to Bryne (1998), 47.1% as high risk according to BrandweinGensler et al. (2005) and 58.8% as high risk according to the BD model. Bryne's gradation (1998) (p = 0.05) had an impact on disease-free survival. Tumor size T3 or T4 (p = 0.04), local recurrence (p = 0.02) and BD model (p = 0.02) impacted overall survival. A significant initial result (p <0.01) was found when comparing an HSF1 immunoexpression between NOM and OTSCC, with no significant association of immunoexpression with clinicopathological tests. From the functional studies, it was observed that HSF1 is overexpressed in the SCC15 cell line compared to immortalized keratinocytes (p <0.005) and that the silencing of this gene inhibited cell proliferation (p <0.005), advance in the cell cycle phases, with an increase in the number of cells in phases G0/G1 (p <0.01) and reduction of cells in phase S (p <0.001), invasion capacity (p <0.05) and EMT, with decreased vimentin expression (p <0.001) and increased E-cadherin (p <0.05), when compared to silenced and control lines. Given these results, it is suggested that HSF1 can exert a range of functions that maintain cell stability amid the stressful conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, in the future, strategies involving its regulation may be a useful therapeutic tool in controlling the progress of the oral cancer (AU).

Oral benign neoplasms: A retrospective study of 790 patients over a 14-year period / Neoplasias benignas orales: estudio retrospectivo de 790 patients durante un periodo de 14 años

Introduction and objective: Oral benign neoplasms (OBNs) exhibit some features that can guide the professionals to the correct diagnosis and best treatment. Through retrospective studies, medical records can be reviewed to better describe a given population and, furthermore, help clinicians in routine practice. In this context, the objective of this paper was to analyze the cases of OBNs of an oral pathology referral department, from 2003 to 2017, in order to better understand their epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: A total of 8355 histopathological reports were analyzed. Lesions diagnosed as OBNs were selected and the following variables were recorded: gender, age, histological type of the lesion, anatomical location, rate and pattern of growth, type of base, color, symptomatology and diagnostic hypotheses on clinical examination. Results: OBNs represented 9.4% of all lesions diagnosed. The most frequent histopathological types were fibroma (39.9%), papilloma (22%), fibroblastoma (13.1%), lipoma (10.2%) and hemangioma (6.1%). Overall, most cases affected females (n = 518; 65.6%) and in the fifth decade of life (n = 148; 18.7%). The oral mucosa was the most common site (n = 265; 33.5%). The most common features of each OBN were also highlighted. Conclusion: The most common OBNs were fibroma, papilloma, fibroblastoma, lipoma and hemangioma. Overall, the OBN presented common clinical features; however, in particular cases, there are some characteristics that can lead the professionals to the correct diagnosis. Nevertheless, in general, histopathological analysis must be performed to confirm diagnosis. Intraosseous tumors and large lesions may require imaging tests to help diagnosis

Introducción y objetivos: Las neoplasias benignas orales (NBO) presentan características clínico-patológicas específicas que pueden guiar al profesional al diagnóstico correcto y a un mejor tratamiento. Los estudios retrospectivos son uno de los principales recursos utilizados para conocer la situación actual de una población determinada y estimar sus necesidades para la implementación y el mantenimiento de los servicios de salud. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los casos de NBO de un servicio de referencia en patología oral, de 2003 a 2017, para comprender mejor sus características epidemiológicas y clínico-patológicas. Métodos: se analizaron un total de 8355 informes histopatológicos. Se seleccionaron las lesiones diagnosticadas como NBO y se registraron las siguientes variables: sexo, edad, tipo histológico de la lesión, ubicación anatómica, índice y patrón de crecimiento, tipo de base, color, sintomatología e hipótesis diagnósticas en el examen clínico. Resultados: Las NBO representaron el 9,4% de todas las lesiones diagnosticadas. Los tipos histopatológicos más frecuentes fueron fibroma (39,9%), papiloma (22%), fibroblastoma (13,1%), lipoma (10,2%) y hemangioma (6,1%). También fueron verificados el perfil de los pacientes y las presentaciones clínicas de estas lesiones. Conclusiones: Las NBO más comunes fueron fibroma, papiloma, fibroblastoma, lipoma y hemangioma. En general, las NBO presentaron características clínicas comunes; sin embargo, en casos particulares, existen algunas características que pueden llevar al profesional al diagnóstico correcto. Sin embargo, de forma general, el análisis histopatológico debe hacerse para confirmar el diagnóstico. Los tumores intraóseos y las lesiones de gran tamaño pueden requerir exámenes de imagen para ayudar al diagnóstico

Oral benign neoplasms: A retrospective study of 790 patients over a 14-year period.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Oral benign neoplasms (OBNs) exhibit some features that can guide the professionals to the correct diagnosis and best treatment. Through retrospective studies, medical records can be reviewed to better describe a given population and, furthermore, help clinicians in routine practice. In this context, the objective of this paper was to analyze the cases of OBNs of an oral pathology referral department, from 2003 to 2017, in order to better understand their epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS: A total of 8355 histopathological reports were analyzed. Lesions diagnosed as OBNs were selected and the following variables were recorded: gender, age, histological type of the lesion, anatomical location, rate and pattern of growth, type of base, color, symptomatology and diagnostic hypotheses on clinical examination. RESULTS: OBNs represented 9.4% of all lesions diagnosed. The most frequent histopathological types were fibroma (39.9%), papilloma (22%), fibroblastoma (13.1%), lipoma (10.2%) and hemangioma (6.1%). Overall, most cases affected females (n=518; 65.6%) and in the fifth decade of life (n=148; 18.7%). The oral mucosa was the most common site (n=265; 33.5%). The most common features of each OBN were also highlighted. CONCLUSION: The most common OBNs were fibroma, papilloma, fibroblastoma, lipoma and hemangioma. Overall, the OBN presented common clinical features; however, in particular cases, there are some characteristics that can lead the professionals to the correct diagnosis. Nevertheless, in general, histopathological analysis must be performed to confirm diagnosis. Intraosseous tumors and large lesions may require imaging tests to help diagnosis.

Cripto-1 is overexpressed in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland.

INTRODUCTION: Cripto-1 is a member of the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-1/FRL-1/Cryptic family. Besides being critical for early embryonic development, Cripto-1 is also associated with the development and behavior of several cancers. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the immunoexpression of Cripto-1 in normal salivary glands (NSGs), pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomas (CaExPAs) of salivary glands. METHODS: A total of 12 NSGs, 16 PAs and 12 CaExPAs underwent immunohistochemical study by the polymeric biotin-free technique. Immunopositive cells were evaluated semiquantitatively (scores 0-3). For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was established. RESULTS: Most CaExPAs (n = 10) were strong positive (score 3) for Cripto-1, and only three cases of PAs and two specimens of NSGs exhibited some expression (score 1), being statistically significant these findings (p < 0.001). No difference between the expression of this protein in tumors of major and minor salivary glands was observed. Overexpression was found mainly in cases of CaExPAs with invasive growth (n = 8) when compared to those without capsular invasion (intracapsular pattern) (p = 0.036). Patients with or without lymph node metastasis showed no difference (p = 0.294). CONCLUSION: The results revealed a significantly higher expression of Cripto-1 in CaExPA compared to PA and NSG, suggesting this protein is possibly deregulated in PA malignant transformation. Furthermore, the increased expression of this protein is associated with a more aggressive behavior (invasive growth) in salivary gland tumors.

Analysis of CD57+ natural killer cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts.

The aim of this study was to compare the number of CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes between periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs). Twenty-fives cases of PGs and 25 of RCs were submitted to histological analysis and immunohistochemistry using anti-CD57 and anti-CD8 biomarkers. Positive cells were counted in 10 fields (400× magnification) and the median value was calculated for each case. Statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in the number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes according to type of lesion, intensity of the infiltrate and thickness of the lining epithelium. The number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes was higher in PGs than in RCs (p = 0.129 and p = 0.541, respectively). Comparison of the number of CD57+ NK cells in atrophic and hyperplastic epithelium revealed a larger number of cells in the atrophic epithelium (p = 0.042). A larger number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes were observed in grade III infiltrates compared to grade I/II (p = 0.145 and p = 0.725, respectively). CD8+ T lymphocytes were more prevalent than CD57+ NK cells in most cases when PGs and RCs were analyzed separately or in combination (p < 0.0001). CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes play a key role in antiviral defense and the presence of these cells supports evidence suggesting the participation of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of PGs and RCs. The response mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes was more frequent, indicating greater participation of the adaptive immunity in these chronic lesions.

Fibroma odontogênico central em mandíbula: relato de caso com breve revisão da literatura / Central odontogenic fibroma in mandible: case report with short literature review

O fibroma odontogênico central é definido como uma neoplasia benigna dos maxilares caracterizada por apresentar uma quantidade variável de epitélio odontogênico inativo em meio a um estroma de tecido conjuntivo fibroso. É considerada uma neoplasia rara que representa de 0% a 5,5% de todos os tumores odontogênicos na maioria dos estudos retrospectivos encontrados na literatura. Acomete pacientes em uma ampla faixa etária com certa predominância em indivíduos do sexo feminino. Apresenta-se, na grande maioria dos casos, como uma lesão de crescimento lento e assintomático que pode promover abaulamento das corticais ósseas adjacentes. Do ponto de vista radiográfico, aparece, tipicamente, sob a forma de uma imagem radiolúcida uni ou multilocular com margens bem definidas, podendo apresentar focos de calcificação em seu interior. O fibroma odontogênico central é subdividido histologicamente em tipo simples (pobre em epitélio) e tipo OMS (rico em epitélio). A lesão responde bem ao tratamento cirúrgico conservador por enucleação associada à curetagem, sendo as recidivas muito incomuns. Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de fazer uma breve revisão de literatura a respeito das características epidemiológicas, clínico-imaginológicas e histopatológicas desta lesão e relatar um caso diagnosticado num paciente do sexo masculino, 13 anos, com queixa de aumento de volume em mento. Os exames de imagem evidenciaram a presença de defeito osteolítico bem delimitado em região de sínfise mandibular associado aos elementos dentários 33 e 43 que se apresentavam inclusos. A lesão foi submetida à enucleação e curetagem. O paciente encontra-se em proservação há dois anos sem sinais de recidiva da lesão.

The central odontogenic fibroma is defined as a benign neoplasm of the jaws characterized by having a variable amount of inactive odontogenic epithelium in the midst of a fibrous connective tissue stroma. It is considered a rare neoplasm that is from 0% to 5.5% of all odontogenic tumors in most retrospective studies found in the literature. Affects patients in a wide age range with a certain predominance in females. , Is shown in most cases, as a slow-growing lesions and asymptomatic which can promote the bulging adjacent cortical bone. The radiographic point of view, appears typically in the form of an image radiolucent uni or multilocular with well-defined margins and may have foci of calcification inside. The central odontogenic fibroma is subdivided histologically in simple type (poor epithelium) and WHO type (rich in epithelium). The injury responds well to conservative treatment by surgical enucleation associated with curettage, and the very unusual relapses. This work aims to make a brief review of literature on the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological imaginological this injury and to report a case diagnosed in a male patient, 13, with volume up complaint ment. Imaging tests showed the presence of well-defined osteolytic defect in mandibular symphysis region associated with dental elements 33 and 43 who performed included. The lesion was submitted to enucleation and curettage. The patient is under observation for two years without signs of recurrence.

Angioleiomioma oral: relato de um caso e revisão dos achados atuais / Oral angioleiomyoma: case report and a review of current findings

Resumo O angioleiomioma é uma neoplasia benigna que, a partir da nova classificação da OMS (2013) para os tumores de tecidos moles, deixou de ser considerado um tumor de origem muscular lisa, passando a ser considerado um tumor de origem perivascular. Raramente os angioleiomiomas ocorrem na cavidade oral. A lesão é tratada cirurgicamente, com prognóstico considerado favorável. Este trabalho revisa os casos de angioleiomioma oral relatados na literatura nos últimos 5 anos e descreve esse tumor em um homem de 44 anos que apresentou um nódulo assintomático localizado em lábio superior, com evolução de 6 meses. As hipóteses diagnósticas foram de adenoma pleomórfico e adenoma canalicular. A lesão foi submetida à biópsia e análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica (S100, CD34, α-SMA, H-caldesmon e desmina) confirmaram o diagnóstico de angioleiomioma. Destacamos a imuno-histoquímica como um importante método auxiliar no diagnóstico diferencial do angioleiomioma com outras lesões e, principalmente, com o miopericitoma.

Abstract Angioleiomyoma is a benign neoplasm that was considered a tumor of smooth-muscle origin until the most recent (2013) WHO classification of soft tissue tumors, in which it was reclassified as a tumor of perivascular origin. Angioleiomyomas rarely occur in the oral cavity. These lesions are treated surgically with good prognosis. This article presents a review of reports of oral angioleiomyoma in the literature from the last 5 years and describes the case of a 44-year-old man who presented with an asymptomatic nodule in the upper lip that had developed over a 6-month period. Diagnostic hypotheses of pleomorphic adenoma or canalicular adenoma were raised. Biopsy of the lesion, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (S100, CD34, H-caldesmon, and desmin) confirmed a diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. It is noteworthy that immunohistochemistry is an important auxiliary method for differential diagnosis of angioleiomyoma from other tumors, particularly myopericytoma.

Analysis of CD57+ natural killer cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the number of CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes between periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs). Twenty-fives cases of PGs and 25 of RCs were submitted to histological analysis and immunohistochemistry using anti-CD57 and anti-CD8 biomarkers. Positive cells were counted in 10 fields (400× magnification) and the median value was calculated for each case. Statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in the number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes according to type of lesion, intensity of the infiltrate and thickness of the lining epithelium. The number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes was higher in PGs than in RCs (p = 0.129 and p = 0.541, respectively). Comparison of the number of CD57+ NK cells in atrophic and hyperplastic epithelium revealed a larger number of cells in the atrophic epithelium (p = 0.042). A larger number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes were observed in grade III infiltrates compared to grade I/II (p = 0.145 and p = 0.725, respectively). CD8+ T lymphocytes were more prevalent than CD57+ NK cells in most cases when PGs and RCs were analyzed separately or in combination (p < 0.0001). CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes play a key role in antiviral defense and the presence of these cells supports evidence suggesting the participation of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of PGs and RCs. The response mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes was more frequent, indicating greater participation of the adaptive immunity in these chronic lesions.

Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma radiographically mimicking an odontogenic tumor: A case report and literature review.

Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMC) of the jaw bones is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor of unknown pathogenesis, comprising about 4% of all mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs). Most cases are histologically classified as a low-grade tumor and radiographically appear as a well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion. Block resection or wide local excisions are the treatment of choice and patients usually show a good overall prognosis although a long-term follow-up is necessary. This report describes a case of a 28-year-old male with MEC in the posterior region of the mandible and discusses its clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings. Although rare, CMC may be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of proliferative and osteolytic lesions in the oral cavity even when its clinical and/or radiographic findings do not suggest malignancy.

Correlação da imunoexpressão do fator de choque térmico 1 (hsf1) com aspectos clinicopatológicos em carcinomas de células escamosas de língua oral / Immunoexpression correlation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) with clinicopathological features in squamous cell carcinomas of tongue

O carcinoma de células escamosas oral apresenta altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade na população, com isso, enormes esforços estão sendo feitos para categorizar alterações morfológicas e identificar biomarcadores que tenham valor prognóstico, bem como que estratifiquem os pacientes em opções terapêuticas individualizadas. Nessa perspectiva, destaca-se o fator do choque térmico 1 (HSF1), o qual é um fator de transcrição de proteínas do choque térmico (HSPs) que permite ao câncer lidar com estressores associados à malignidade, atuando de diferentes formas na progressão tumoral. Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar a análise clinicopatológica de 70 casos de carcinoma de células escamosas de língua oral (CCELO) e o estudo imunoistoquímico dos níveis de expressão da proteína HSF1 em CCELO em comparação com 30 espécimes de mucosa oral normal (MON), correlacionando-se, ainda, esta imunoexpressão com aspectos clinicopatológicos do CCELO.

Quanto aos casos de CCELO, 57,1% exibiram estadiamento clínico III ou IV, 82,9% foram gradados como de alto grau segundo Bryne (1998) e 47,1% como de alto risco de malignidade segundo Brandwein-Gensler et al., (2005). Foi observada uma taxa de sobrevida livre de doença de 47,84% e taxa de sobrevida global de 68,20% nos casos analisados e que o alto grau de malignidade segundo a Gradação de Bryne (1998) (p= 0,05) e tamanho do tumor T3 ou T4 (p= 0,04), recidiva local (p= 0,02) e invasão perineural (p= 0,02) determinaram impactos negativos nesses tempos de sobrevida. Estes resultados corroboram as informações consolidadas na literatura quanto à influência negativa de alguns indicadores clinicopatológicos na sobrevida dos pacientes com CCELO. Encontrou-se resultado estatisticamente significativo (p<0,01) quando comparou-se a imunoexpressão de HSF1 entre a MON e o CCELO. Esta significativa maior expressão de HSF1 nos casos de CCELO sugere que esta proteína atue, de fato, no processo de patogênese desta lesão. Entretanto, não foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas entre esta superexpressão com os parâmetros clínicopatológicos analisados. Esse achado pode refletir a influência de eventos epigenéticos sobre o gene HSF1 ou uma possível estabilidade da expressão desta proteína ao longo da progressão da doença. (AU)

Squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue shows high rates of morbidity and mortality in the population, therefore, great efforts are being made to classify morphological changes and identify biomarkers that have prognostic value and that are able to group patients in individualized therapeutic options. From this perspective, there is the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which is a heat shock factor transcription protein (HSPs) that allows the cancer to deal with stressors associated with malignancy, acting differently in tumor progression. This research aimed to perform a clinico-pathological analysis of 70 cases of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and immunohistochemical study of the expression of HSF1 protein in OTSCC, comparing it with 30 specimens of normal oral mucosa (NOM), and correlating this immunostaining with clinico-pathological aspects of OTSCC. To analyze the association between immunoexpression of HSF1 and clinicophatoloical aspects, the cases were categorized in minor and major overexpression, based in the median immunostaining score.

Regarding the cases of OTSCC, 57.1% showed clinical stage III or IV, 82.9% were graded as high grade according to Bryne (1998) and 47.1% as high risk of malignancy according to Brandwein-Gensler et al., (2005). A disease free survival rate of 47.84% and overall survival rate of 68.20% was observed in the analyzed cases, and the high degree of malignancy according to Bryne’s system (1998) (p=0.05), tumor size T3 or T4 (p=0.04), local recurrence (p=0.02), and perineural invasion (p=0.02) determined negative impacts in survival time. We observed also a statistically significant result (p<0.01) when comparing the immunoreactivity of HSF1 between NOM and OTSCC. This significantly increased expression of HSF1 in cases of OTSCC suggests that this protein acts, indeed, in the pathogenesis of this disease. However, there were no statistically significant associations between this overexpression and the clinico-pathological parameters analyzed. This finding may reflect the influence of epigenetic events on HSF1 gene or a possible stability of this protein expression throughout disease progression. (AU)