Potential of metal recovery from printed circuit boards in Brazil.

In this study, the generation of domestic waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and waste printed circuit board (WPCB) were estimated, from 2015 to 2030. Based on the number of EEE put on the Brazilian market, the possession rate in the Brazilian households and obsolescence amounts of five EEE types were estimated using time series. The results show that, between 2015 and 2030, the quantity of WEEE generated per year will increase from 131.87 kt to 195.22 kt. In this period, WPCB generation will stay around 10% of WEEE generation. Additionally, this study shows that the urban mining potential of the materials recoverable from WPCB can be an important revenue source, with environmental benefits deriving from energy savings and a reduction in CO2 emissions. The results of this study provide a quantitative basis that may help decision makers develop strategic policies for WEEE management, considering material circularity.

Exploring the recurrent states of football teams' tactical organization on the pitch during Brazilian official matches.

Football teams' tactical organization on the pitch is usually represented by the surface area. Considering the different shapes adopted by the teams during the match, the role of the tactical variability for success is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore and to evaluate the association between recurrent states of tactical organization and technical performance during football matches. A total of 28 teams of Brazilian First Division Championships were analysed. Teams' surface area shapes were represented by the maximum value of the Multiscale Fractal Dimension in each timestamp, producing a time series. Recurrences of states of tactical organization were determined via recurrence plots and recurrence quantitative analysis during attacking and defending phases, and considering the whole match. The outcomes were correlated with nine traditional technical performance indicators. The main results showed that structural recurrence or variability on tactical organization is associated with performance success during the defending and attacking actions. Recurrence plot and measures based on the recurrence density proved to be valuable tools to represent teams' dynamics.

Effect of Green Tea Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the potential benefits of green tea on the inflammatory process in metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results are inconclusive and inconsistent. In the present study, we performed a literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of green tea supplementation on inflammatory markers [e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] among patients with MetS and related disorders. We systematically searched for relevant publications up to March 2022 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022320345). Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were pooled on the basis of the random effects model to compare the effects of green tea with placebo. We used meta-regression and subgroup analyses to determine the cause of heterogeneity and performed study quality assessment using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. We assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's tests. Out of the total 15 RCTs that were included in this systematic review, 12 were chosen for the meta-analysis. The results revealed that green tea significantly decreased TNF-α levels but did not affect CRP and IL-6 levels. Subgroup analysis showed that green tea supplementation in studies lasting ≤8 weeks significantly increased CRP levels. Furthermore, meta-regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between increasing IL-6 concentration and treatment duration. According to our meta-analysis, green tea was shown to considerably lower circulating TNF-α levels. To confirm these findings, carefully planned trials are required.

Bone Incorporation of a Poly (L-Lactide-Co-D, L-Lactide) Internal Fixation Device in a Rat's Tibia: Microtomographic, Confocal LASER, and Histomorphometric Analysis.

This study evaluated the bone incorporation process of a screw-shaped internal fixation device made of poly (L-lactide-co-D, L-lactide) (PLDLLA). Thirty-two male Wistar rats received 32 fixation devices (2 mm × 6 mm) randomly assigned to either the right or left tibia and one implant in each animal. After 7, 14, 28, and 42 days, the rats were euthanized and the specimens were subjected to microtomographic computed tomography (microCT) and histomorphometric analyses to evaluate bone interface contact (BIC%) and new bone formation (NBF%) in cortical and cancellous bone areas. The animals euthanized on days 28 and 42 were treated with calcein and alizarin red, and confocal LASER microscopy was performed to determine the mineral apposition rate (MAR). Micro-CT revealed a higher percentage of bone volume (p < 0.006), trabecular separation (p < 0.001), and BIC in the cortical (p < 0.001) and cancellous (p = 0.003) areas at 28 and 42 days than at 7 and 14 days. The cortical NBF at 42 days was greater than that at 7 and 14 days (p = 0.022). No statistically significant differences were observed in cancellous NBF or MAR at 28 and 42 days. Based on these results, it can be seen that the PLDLLA internal fixation device is biocompatible and allows new bone formation around the screw thread.

Early Peri-Implant Bone Healing on Laser-Modified Surfaces with and without Hydroxyapatite Coating: An In Vivo Study.

(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the biological behavior of bone tissue on a machined surface (MS) and modifications made by a laser beam (LS) and by a laser beam incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HA) using a biomimetic method without thermic treatment (LHS). (2) Methods: Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) was performed before and after installation in the rabbit tibiae. A total of 20 Albinus rabbits randomly received 30 implants of 3.75 × 10 mm in the right and left tibias, with two implants on each surface in each tibia. In the animals belonging to the 4-week euthanasia period group, intramuscular application of the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin was performed. In implants placed mesially in the tibiofemoral joint, biomechanical analysis was performed by means of a removal torque (N/cm). The tibias with the implants located distally to the joint were submitted for analysis by confocal laser microscopy (mineral apposition rate) and for histometric analysis by bone contact implant (%BIC) and newly formed bone area (%NBA). (3) Results: The SEM showed differences between the surfaces. The biomechanical analysis revealed significant differences in removal torque values between the MSs and LHSs over a 2-week period. Over a 4-week period, both the LSs and LHSs demonstrated removal torque values statistically higher than the MSs. BIC of the LHS implants were statistically superior to MS at the 2-week period and LHS and LS surfaces were statistically superior to MS at the 4-week period. Statistical analysis of the NBA of the implants showed difference between the LHS and MS in the period of 2 weeks. (4) Conclusions: The modifications of the LSs and LHSs provided important physicochemical modifications that favored the deposition of bone tissue on the surface of the implants.

Ozone therapy effect in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw as prevention or treatment: microtomographic, confocal laser microscopy and histomorphometric analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ozone therapy in the preoperative (prevention) and/or postoperative (treatment) of MRONJ. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were caudally treated with zoledronic acid (ZOL) and to ozone therapy before extraction (prevention, POG), after extraction (treatment, TOG), or both (prevention and treatment, TPOG), and treated with saline (SAL). The animals received intramuscular fluorochrome (calcein and alizarin), and 28 days postoperatively, they were euthanized, and the tissues were subjected to microtomographic computed tomography (microCT), LASER confocal, and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS: Micro-CT showed a higher bone volume fraction average in all groups than that in the ZOL group (P < 0.001), the ZOL group showed high porosity (P = 0.03), and trabecular separation was greater in the TOG group than in the POG group (P < 0.05). The mineral apposition rate of the POG group was high (20.46 ± 6.31) (P < 0.001), followed by the TOG group (20.32 ± 7.4). The TOG group presented the highest mean newly formed bone area (68.322 ± 25.296) compared with the ZOL group (P < 0.05), followed by the SAL group (66.039 ± 28.379) and ZOL groups (60.856 ± 28.425). CONCLUSIONS: Ozone therapy modulated alveolar bone repair in animals treated with ZOL, mainly after surgery trauma, leading to bone formation as healing tissue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Osteonecrosis has been a challenge in dentistry, and owing to the lack of a consensus regarding therapy, studies presenting new therapies are important, and ozone has been one of the therapies explored empirically.

Multifaceted Strategy Based on Automated Text Messaging After a Recent Heart Failure Admission: The MESSAGE-HF Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Readmissions after an index heart failure (HF) hospitalization are a major contemporary health care problem. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an intensive telemonitoring strategy in the vulnerable period after an HF hospitalization. Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 30 HF clinics in Brazil. Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% and access to mobile phones were enrolled up to 30 days after an HF admission. Data were collected from July 2019 to July 2022. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to a telemonitoring strategy or standard care. The telemonitoring group received 4 daily short message service text messages to optimize self-care, active engagement, and early intervention. Red flags based on feedback messages triggered automatic diuretic adjustment and/or a telephone call from the health care team. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was change in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) from baseline to 180 days. A hierarchical win-ratio analysis incorporating blindly adjudicated clinical events (cardiovascular deaths and HF hospitalization) and variation in NT-proBNP was also performed. Results: Of 699 included patients, 460 (65.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 61.2 (14.5) years. A total of 352 patients were randomly assigned to the telemonitoring strategy and 347 to standard care. Satisfaction with the telemonitoring strategy was excellent (net promoting score at 180 days, 78.5). HF self-care increased significantly in the telemonitoring group compared with the standard care group (score difference at 30 days, -2.21; 95% CI, -3.67 to -0.74; P = .001; score difference at 180 days, -2.08; 95% CI, -3.59 to -0.57; P = .004). Variation of NT-proBNP was similar in the telemonitoring group compared with the standard care group (telemonitoring: baseline, 2593 pg/mL; 95% CI, 2314-2923; 180 days, 1313 pg/mL; 95% CI, 1117-1543; standard care: baseline, 2396 pg/mL; 95% CI, 2122-2721; 180 days, 1319 pg/mL; 95% CI, 1114-1564; ratio of change, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.77-1.11; P = .39). Hierarchical analysis of the composite outcome demonstrated a similar number of wins in both groups (telemonitoring, 49 883 of 122 144 comparisons [40.8%]; standard care, 48 034 of 122 144 comparisons [39.3%]; win ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.86-1.26). Conclusions and Relevance: An intensive telemonitoring strategy applied in the vulnerable period after an HF admission was feasible, well-accepted, and increased scores of HF self-care but did not translate to reductions in NT-proBNP levels nor improvement in a composite hierarchical clinical outcome. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04062461.

Multifaceted strategy based on automated text messaging after a recent heart failure admission: the MESSAGE-HF Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE: Readmissions after an index heart failure (HF) hospitalization are a major contemporary health care problem. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an intensive telemonitoring strategy in the vulnerable period after an HF hospitalization. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 30 HF clinics in Brazil. Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% and access to mobile phones were enrolled up to 30 days after an HF admission. Data were collected from July 2019 to July 2022. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to a telemonitoring strategy or standard care. The telemonitoring group received 4 daily short message service text messages to optimize self-care, active engagement, and early intervention. Red flags based on feedback messages triggered automatic diuretic adjustment and/or a telephone call from the health care team. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was change in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) from baseline to 180 days. A hierarchical win-ratio analysis incorporating blindly adjudicated clinical events (cardiovascular deaths and HF hospitalization) and variation in NT-proBNP was also performed. RESULTS: Of 699 included patients, 460 (65.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 61.2 (14.5) years. A total of 352 patients were randomly assigned to the telemonitoring strategy and 347 to standard care. Satisfaction with the telemonitoring strategy was excellent (net promoting score at 180 days, 78.5). HF self-care increased significantly in the telemonitoring group compared with the standard care group (score difference at 30 days, -2.21; 95% CI, -3.67 to -0.74; P = .001; score difference at 180 days, -2.08; 95% CI, -3.59 to -0.57; P = .004). Variation of NT-proBNP was similar in the telemonitoring group compared with the standard care group (telemonitoring: baseline, 2593 pg/mL; 95% CI, 2314-2923; 180 days, 1313 pg/mL; 95% CI, 1117-1543; standard care: baseline, 2396 pg/mL; 95% CI, 2122-2721; 180 days, 1319 pg/mL; 95% CI, 1114-1564; ratio of change, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.77-1.11; P = .39). Hierarchical analysis of the composite outcome demonstrated a similar number of wins in both groups (telemonitoring, 49 883 of 122 144 comparisons [40.8%]; standard care, 48 034 of 122 144 comparisons [39.3%]; win ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.86-1.26). CONCLUSIONS and relevance: An intensive telemonitoring strategy applied in the vulnerable period after an HF admission was feasible, well-accepted, and increased scores of HF self-care but did not translate to reductions in NT-proBNP levels nor improvement in a composite hierarchical clinical outcome.

Meta-Worry, Anxiety, and Depression in the COVID-19 Pandemic (Brazil, March 2020) / Metapreocupação, Ansiedade e Depressão na Pandemia de COVID-19 (Brasil, Março de 2020)

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between meta-worries and anxiety and depressive symptoms at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. In March 2020, 2,042 individuals, aged 18-78 years were recruited. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Meta-Worry Questionnaire were administered online. Four logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of the independent variables on anxiety and/or depressive symptoms with explained variances between 28% and 39%. Being younger, not having a steady income, perceiving oneself as sick, and having a high meta-concern level increased the chances of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. Finally, we hope to contribute to the screening of factors associated with mental disorders in Brazil at the beginning of the pandemic.

Resumo Esta pesquisa avaliou relações entre metapreocupações e sintomas ansiosos e/ou depressivos no início da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Participaram 2042 indivíduos, entre 18 e 78 anos, na segunda quinzena de março de 2020. Um questionário sociodemográfico, o 4-item Patient Health Questionnnaire e o Meta-Worry Questionnnaire foram respondidos online. Quatro modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para estimar o efeito das variáveis independentes nos sintomas ansiosos e/ou depressivos, com variâncias explicadas entre 28% e 39%. Ser mais jovem, não ter renda fixa, perceber-se doente e alto índice de metapreocupação aumentaram as chances de demonstrar sintomatologia ansiosa e/ou depressiva. Por fim, espera-se ter contribuído com o mapeamento de fatores associados à transtornos mentais no início da pandemia no Brasil.

Forecasting of secondary lead recovery from motorcycle batteries in Brazil: a contribution to waste management.

This study aims to predict the potential for secondary lead recovery from motorcycle batteries in Brazil, since this is considered the second largest category of automobiles in the country. To achieve this objective, a forecasting model based on the ARIMA methodology was applied, with input data taken from Brazilian sectorial platforms. Furthermore, an analysis of the data, of the residuals, autocorrelation tests, as well as Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Dickey-Fuller tests, were performed. The SARIMA model (3,1,0) (2,0,0)12 presented a better adaptation to the behavior of the series. The results showed that the amount of secondary lead obtained based on the forecast model will be 89,972,842.08 million tons between 2021 and 2030 (14 million tons of lead originated only from motorcycle LABs in 2021). These results show a possible insufficiency of the installed capacity to supply the amount of lead to be processed in the country, not to mention the LABs from other vehicles (light and heavy) and other emerging battery technologies from electric vehicles. In addition, an analysis was conducted on the importance of secondary lead for the economy and the dangers of illegal recycling in Brazil. In general, this study contributes to the understanding of the importance of secondary production of lead in Brazil, an important asset for a country that does not have sufficient primary production for its domestic demand. The findings may assist in several alternatives for the proper planning and management of the collection, disposal and recycling of lead, providing the Brazilian government with directions for the development of new policies related to lead recycling.

Estimation of lithium-ion battery scrap generation from electric vehicles in Brazil.

Among the diversity of electronic waste, lithium-ion batteries (LIB), specifically those used in the propulsion of electric vehicles (EV), are considered pollutants of significant impact. When not used and disposed of correctly, LIBs can cause damage of various types to health and the environment. The electrochemical instability inherent in these batteries releases toxic gases, risks explosion, and is always associated with a series of electronic circuits composed of various metals, including heavy metals. As a result of public policies to encourage vehicle electrification, the Brazilian EVs sector has shown high growth, even within an economic crisis scenario. In this sense, this study presents a model for estimating the production of electric vehicles and the generation of scrap LIBs, based on time series, combining battery life, car sales data, and the mileage profile covered by a car in Brazil. Around 700 thousand EVs are expected to be circulating in Brazil by 2030, with approximately 500 thousand LIBs to be converted into scrap by 2040. Finally, the delaying effect of the scrap generated from LIBs is highlighted, in line with the battery life, which, in the future, may have a very negative impact on waste management.

Estudo in vivo do efeito da ozonioterapia como prevenção e/ou tratamento da osteonecrose dos maxilares induzida por medicamentos / In vivo study of the effect of ozone therapy as a prevention and/or treatment of druginduced osteonecrosis of the jaws

O ozônio tem sido utilizado no processo de reparo ósseo em condições desfavoráveis, como na osteonecrose dos maxilares induzida por medicamentos (OMIM). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de ozonioterapia como prevenção e/ou o tratamento da OMIM. Cento e vinte ratos wistar foram distribuídos entre os grupos tratamentos: eles foram induzidos com Zoledronato e receberam ozonioterapia antes da exodontia (prevenção ­ GOP), após exodontia (tratamento ­ GOT), em ambos momentos (prevenção e tratamento ­ GOPT), um grupo não recebeu ozônio (ZOL), e outro recebeu soro fisiológico ao invés da indução (SAL). Após 14 e 28 dias pós-operatórios foram eutanasiados e as peças submetidas as análises histológicas com eosina e hematoxilina, imunoistoquímica, microtomográfica computadorizada (microCT), confocal a LASER e histomorfométrica. Em 14 dias observamos o início do reparo em GOT, assim como um epitélio presente em SAL e GOT, o mesmo ocorre em 28 dias, e uma intensa imunomarcação de osteocalcina (OC) em GOPT em 14 dias. A microCT demostrou maiores médias de BV/TV em todos grupos quando comparados a ZOL (p< 0,001), ZOL apresentou maior porosidade (p=0,03) e o espaçamento trabecular foi maior no grupo GOT quando comparado ao GOP (p< 0,05). A taxa de aposição mineral (MAR) dos grupos GOP foram maiores (21,46±14,12), seguida do grupo GOT (19,66± 13,23). GOT apresentou a maior média de %NBA (68,322±25,296), quando comparado ao grupo ZOL (p < 0,05), seguido pelo grupo SAL (66,039±28,379) e ZOL (60,856±28,425). Diante dos resultados pode-se observar que a ozonioterapia pode modular o reparo alveolar em animais induzidos com ácido zoledrônico(AU)

Ozone has been used in the bone repair process under unfavorable conditions, such as in druginduced osteonecrosis of the jaws (OMIM). The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of ozone therapy as prevention and/or treatment of OMIM. One hundred and twenty wistar rats were distributed among treatment groups: they were induced with Zoledronate and received ozone therapy before tooth extraction (prevention - GOP), after tooth extraction (treatment - GOT), at both times (prevention and treatment - GOPT), one group I did not receive ozone (ZOL), and another received saline instead of induction (SAL). After 14 and 28 days postoperatively, they were euthanized and the pieces submitted to histological analysis with eosin and hematoxylin, immunohistochemistry, computed microtomography (microCT), confocal LASER and histomorphometric analysis. In 14 days we observed the beginning of repair in GOT, as well as an epithelium present in SAL and GOT, the same occurs in 28 days, with intense immunostaining of osteocalcin (OC) in GOPT in 14 days. The microCT showed higher BV/TV means in all groups when compared to the ZOL (p< 0.001), ZOL showed greater porosity (p=0.03) and the trabecular spacing was greater in the GOT group when compared to the GOP (p< 0 .05). The mineral apposition rate (MAR) of the GOP groups were higher (21,46±14,12), followed by the GOT group (19,66± 13,23). GOT had the highest average of %NBA (68.322±25.296), when compared to the ZOL group (p < 0.05), followed by the SAL group (66.039±28.379) and ZOL (60.856±28.425). In view of the results, it can be observed that ozone therapy can modulate alveolar repair in animals induced with zoledronic acid(AU)

Estudo in vivo do efeito da ozonioterapia como prevenção e/ou tratamento da osteonecrose dos maxilares induzida por medicamentos / In vivo study of the effect of ozone therapy as a prevention and/or treatment of druginduced osteonecrosis of the jaws

O ozônio tem sido utilizado no processo de reparo ósseo em condições desfavoráveis, como na osteonecrose dos maxilares induzida por medicamentos (OMIM). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de ozonioterapia como prevenção e/ou o tratamento da OMIM. Cento e vinte ratos wistar foram distribuídos entre os grupos tratamentos: eles foram induzidos com Zoledronato e receberam ozonioterapia antes da exodontia (prevenção ­ GOP), após exodontia (tratamento ­ GOT), em ambos momentos (prevenção e tratamento ­ GOPT), um grupo não recebeu ozônio (ZOL), e outro recebeu soro fisiológico ao invés da indução (SAL). Após 14 e 28 dias pós-operatórios foram eutanasiados e as peças submetidas as análises histológicas com eosina e hematoxilina, imunoistoquímica, microtomográfica computadorizada (microCT), confocal a LASER e histomorfométrica. Em 14 dias observamos o início do reparo em GOT, assim como um epitélio presente em SAL e GOT, o mesmo ocorre em 28 dias, e uma intensa imunomarcação de osteocalcina (OC) em GOPT em 14 dias. A microCT demostrou maiores médias de BV/TV em todos grupos quando comparados a ZOL (p< 0,05), seguido pelo grupo SAL (66,039±28,379) e ZOL (60,856±28,425). Diante dos resultados pode-se observar que a ozonioterapia pode modular o reparo alveolar em animais induzidos com ácido zoledrônico(AU)

Ozone has been used in the bone repair process under unfavorable conditions, such as in druginduced osteonecrosis of the jaws (OMIM). The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of ozone therapy as prevention and/or treatment of OMIM. One hundred and twenty wistar rats were distributed among treatment groups: they were induced with Zoledronate and received ozone therapy before tooth extraction (prevention - GOP), after tooth extraction (treatment - GOT), at both times (prevention and treatment - GOPT), one group I did not receive ozone (ZOL), and another received saline instead of induction (SAL). After 14 and 28 days postoperatively, they were euthanized and the pieces submitted to histological analysis with eosin and hematoxylin, immunohistochemistry, computed microtomography (microCT), confocal LASER and histomorphometric analysis. In 14 days we observed the beginning of repair in GOT, as well as an epithelium present in SAL and GOT, the same occurs in 28 days, with intense immunostaining of osteocalcin (OC) in GOPT in 14 days. The microCT showed higher BV/TV means in all groups when compared to the ZOL (p< 0.05), followed by the SAL group (66.039±28.379) and ZOL (60.856±28.425). In view of the results, it can be observed that ozone therapy can modulate alveolar repair in animals induced with zoledronic acid(AU)

Bone, fat, and muscle interactions in health and disease.

Energy metabolism is a point of integration among the various organs and tissues of the human body, not only in terms of consumption of energy substrates but also because it concentrates a wide interconnected network controlled by endocrine factors. Thus, not only do tissues consume substrates, but they also participate in modulating energy metabolism. Soft mesenchymal tissues, in particular, play a key role in this process. The recognition that high energy consumption is involved in bone remodeling has been accompanied by evidence showing that osteoblasts and osteocytes produce factors that influence, for example, insulin sensitivity and appetite. Additionally, there are significant interactions between muscle, adipose, and bone tissues to control mutual tissue trophism. Not by chance, trophic and functional changes in these tissues go hand in hand from the beginning of an individual's development until aging. Likewise, metabolic and nutritional diseases deeply affect the musculoskeletal system and adipose tissue. The present narrative review highlights the importance of the interaction of the mesenchymal tissues for bone development and maintenance and the impact on bone from diseases marked by functional and trophic disorders of adipose and muscle tissues.

Bone, fat, and muscle interactions in health and disease

Abstract Energy metabolism is a point of integration among the various organs and tissues of the human body, not only in terms of consumption of energy substrates but also because it concentrates a wide interconnected network controlled by endocrine factors. Thus, not only do tissues consume substrates, but they also participate in modulating energy metabolism. Soft mesenchymal tissues, in particular, play a key role in this process. The recognition that high energy consumption is involved in bone remodeling has been accompanied by evidence showing that osteoblasts and osteocytes produce factors that influence, for example, insulin sensitivity and appetite. Additionally, there are significant interactions between muscle, adipose, and bone tissues to control mutual tissue trophism. Not by chance, trophic and functional changes in these tissues go hand in hand from the beginning of an individual's development until aging. Likewise, metabolic and nutritional diseases deeply affect the musculoskeletal system and adipose tissue. The present narrative review highlights the importance of the interaction of the mesenchymal tissues for bone development and maintenance and the impact on bone from diseases marked by functional and trophic disorders of adipose and muscle tissues. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2022;66(5):611-20

A forecasting model based on ARIMA and artificial neural networks for end-OF-life vehicles.

The accelerated growth of the automotive supply network has had an immeasurable impact on the environment, especially relating to reusing and disposal of materials. The appropriate management of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) has become an imperative item for achieving sustainable development in the field of interest and it is, therefore, a target of special attention from global economies in recent years. Therefore, the present study aims to estimate the future generation of ELVs to assist decision making and mitigate the global impact of this type of waste on the environment. For this, a hybrid forecasting model was used, based on Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methodology and on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), with a set of temporal data extracted from Brazilian sectoral platforms. The results achieved point to a good convergence of the model, indicating better performance than a naive or trivial prediction. The efficiency obtained by the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 98% and the expectation is that for the year 2030, approximately 5.2 million ELVs will be produced in Brazil, of which only 78 thousand units would be effectively recycled, considering the current vehicle recycling rate in the country. Considering the scarcity of information that supports decision-making in waste management in Brazil, this study may also contribute to the proposition of alternatives that favor the proper management of automotive waste, providing a reference for the formulation and implementation of policies related to ELVs in the country.

Meta-worry, anxiety, and depression in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Brazil, June 2020 / Metapreocupación, ansiedad y depresión en la pandemia de coronavirus (COVID-19): Brasil, junio de 2020

Abstract Introduction Threats to mental health and psychological well-being have been considered among the most challenging dimensions to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To track the occurrence of significant anxiety and depression symptoms and the level of worry among residents in Brazil in June 2020. Method The final sample totaled 4,805 participants from all Brazilian states. A sociodemographic and health questionnaire (with questions related to COVID-19), the translated versions of the Meta-Worry Questionnaire, and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) were used. Inferential analyses were computed using the Multinomial Logistic Regression (backward stepwise) in which the PHQ-4 findings were stratified into four categories: no symptoms, only anxiety symptoms, only depression symptoms, and both symptoms. Results Research findings have shown that there are characteristics that predict greater exposure to significant symptoms of anxiety and depression (gender, age, and level of worry), with level of worry being the variable with the greatest impact on the model. Discussion and conclusion These data found during the COVID-19 pandemic intra-crisis period allow for early prediction of the negative outcomes associated with the pandemic, such as common mental disorders, and allocating interventions to help people to rationally deal with the stress related to this moment, regulating their emotions, and improving their overall mental health.

Resumen Introducción Las amenazas a la salud mental y el bienestar psicológico se han considerado entre las dimensiones más desafiantes de abordar en la pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo Rastrear la ocurrencia de síntomas significativos de ansiedad y depresión y el nivel de preocupación entre los residentes en Brasil en junio de 2020. Método La muestra final totalizó 4,805 participantes de todos los estados brasileños. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud (con preguntas relacionadas con el COVID-19), las versiones traducidas del Cuestionario Meta-Preocupación y el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente de 4 ítems (PHQ-4). Los análisis inferenciales se calcularon utilizando la regresión logística multinomial (backward stepwise) en la que los hallazgos de PHQ-4 se estratificaron en cuatro categorías: sin síntomas, solo síntomas de ansiedad, solo síntomas de depresión y ambos síntomas. Resultados Los hallazgos de la investigación han demostrado que existían características que predecían una mayor exposición a síntomas significativos de ansiedad y depresión (género, edad y nivel de preocupación), siendo el nivel de preocupación la variable de mayor impacto en el modelo. Discusión y conclusión Los datos finales permiten la predicción temprana de los resultados negativos asociados con la pandemia, como los trastornos mentales comunes, y la asignación de intervenciones para ayudar a las personas a enfrentar racionalmente el estrés relacionado con este momento mediante una regulación de sus emociones y un mejoramiento de su salud mental.

Bioactive Natural Products against Systemic Arterial Hypertension: A Past 20-Year Systematic and Prospective Review.

Background: Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular risks, corresponding to 45% of deaths involving CVDs. The use of natural products, such as medicinal plants, belongs to a millennial part of human therapeutics history and has been employed as an alternative anti-hypertensive treatment. Objective: The present review aims to prospect some natural products already experimentally assayed against arterial hypertension through scientific virtual libraries and patent documents over the past 20 years. Search strategy. This is a systematic review of the adoption of the PRISMA protocol and a survey of the scientific literature that synthesizes the results from published articles between 2001 and 2020 concerning the use of medicinal plants in the management of hypertension, including which parts of the plant or organism are used, as well as the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-hypertensive effect. Furthermore, a technological prospection was also carried out in patent offices from different countries in order to check technologies based on natural products claimed for the treatment or prevention of hypertension. Inclusion criteria. Scientific articles where a natural product had been experimentally assayed for anti-hypertensive activity (part of plants, plant extracts, and products derived from other organisms) were included. Data extraction and analysis. The selected abstracts of the articles and patent documents were submitted to a rigorous reading process. Those articles and patents that were not related to anti-hypertensive effects and claimed potential applications were excluded from the search. Results: Eighty specimens of biological species that showed anti-hypertensive activity were recovered, with 01 representative from the kingdom Fungi and 02 from the kingdom Protista, with emphasis on the families Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, with 6 representatives each. Leaves and aerial parts were the most used parts of the plants for the extraction of anti-hypertensive products, with maceration being the most used extraction method. Regarding phytochemical analyses, the most described classes of biomolecules in the reviewed works were alkaloids, terpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, and peptides, with the reduction of oxidative stress and the release of NO among the mechanisms of action most involved in this process. Regarding the number of patent filings, China was the country that stood out as the main one, with 813 registrations. Conclusion: The anti-hypertensive activity of natural products is still little explored in Western countries. Besides, China and India have shown more results in this area than other countries, confirming the strong influence of traditional medicine in these countries.

Effects of "Bacuri" Seed Butter (Platonia insignis Mart.), a Brazilian Amazon Fruit, on Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus-Related Parameters in STZ-Diabetic Rats.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Platonia insignis Mart. ("bacuri") seed butter (BSB) on oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus-related parameters in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in female Wistar rats (180-250 g) by the intraperitoneal administration of STZ (45 mg/kg, b.w). BSB (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was administered to animals for four weeks. The effect on weight gain, food intake, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, hepatic transaminases, plasma and liver TBARS and MPO activity, erythrocyte SOD activity, non-protein sulfhydryl groups (SH-NP), and histopathology of the liver tissue was investigated. BSB at the dose of 100 mg/kg had a positive effect on the reduction in glycated hemoglobin percentage and increased albumin concentration, as well as decreased ALT and AST levels and increased SH-NP liver levels in treated animals compared to normal control rats. Moreover, BSB had no effects on weight gain, food intake, and fasting glucose. Thus, the BSB presented marked properties in improvement of hepatic antioxidant defenses, which demonstrates BSB as a potential hepatoprotective agent in metabolic disorders.

"A lack of information keeps us from medicine, well-being, harmony ": a mixed method study with plaintiffs requesting medicines in administrative cases. / "A falta de informação nos afasta do remédio, do bem-estar, da harmonia...": estudo de método misto com demandantes de medicamentos pela via administrativa.

The need to request public health managers to ensure the right of access to medicines characterizes an administrative case and the method to do so is called the administrative route. This mixed method study aimed to analyze the perceptions of plaintiffs requesting medications by the administrative route about barriers to access medicines in the Brazilian public health sector. Data were gathered through focus groups and questionnaires. The results point to the interdependence of pharmaceutical services with the interfacing areas to ensure access. The barriers related to individuals reflect the commitment to develop citizenship, justifying the cost of the medicine to motivate the demand. Barriers to service provision include irregular availability of medicines, insufficient resources, and unsatisfactory quality of services. The difficulty in obtaining medical consultations and prescriptions originating in the public sector are barriers to the health sector. The barriers above the health sector are compliance with administrative procedures, corruption, and clientelism. The administrative route intensifies inequities in access to healthcare in Brazil.

A necessidade de recorrer ao gestor público de saúde para efetivar o direito ao acesso a medicamentos caracteriza a via administrativa. O estudo analisou as percepções dos usuários que acionaram a via administrativa sobre as barreiras para o acesso a medicamentos no setor público de saúde de uma capital brasileira. Foi realizado estudo de método misto com grupo focal, questionário com demandantes e descrição dos medicamentos demandados pela via administrativa. Os resultados apontam a interdependência da assistência farmacêutica com as áreas de interfaceamento para a garantia do acesso. As barreiras relativas aos indivíduos refletem o comprometimento do desenvolvimento da cidadania, justificando o custo do medicamento motivar a demanda. As barreiras à prestação dos serviços contemplam disponibilidade irregular dos medicamentos, insuficiência de recursos e qualidade insatisfatória dos serviços. A dificuldade para conseguir consultas médicas e a exigência da prescrição originada no setor público são barreiras ao setor saúde. As barreiras acima do setor saúde são cumprimento dos procedimentos administrativos, corrupção e clientelismo. A via administrativa intensifica as iniquidades no acesso à saúde no Brasil.