RESUMO
Generalist foraging behavior among stingless bees is accepted but untested, as well as the subsidiary hypothesis of floral preferences in the genus Melipona. Here we analyzed those hypotheses comparing the use of floral sources of pollen, through paired analyses of pollen samples from different colonies of Melipona scutellaris Latreille, in three areas of the Atlantic Forest Domain, in Northern Brazil. From August, 2004 to January, 2005, monthly samples of pollen were collected at the entrance of twelve colonies of M. scutellaris. In two places, four colonies of M. scutellaris were compared with four colonies of africanized Apis mellifera L. The main pollen sources chosen by the colonies of M. scutellaris were flowers of the following plant families, in decreasing order of importance: Myrtaceae, Mimosaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Fabaceae. Productive pollen sources of Asteraceae, Arecaceae e Rubiaceae were heavily exploited by the colonies of A. mellifera and discharged by the colonies of M.scutellaris. Often, both species shared the main productive pollen sources, as the flowers of Myrtaceae and Mimosaceae. On the other hand, no pollen sources were heavily exploited altogether by both of them, as a rule. In different places and periods, the colonies of M. scutellaris presented high intra-specific similarity and they formed distinct clusters apart from A. mellifera. Therefore, the selection of pollen sources by colonies was species dependent. The paired comparisons refute the hypothesis of random flower exploitation by colonies and give support to the subsidiary hypothesis of selectivity or floral preferences by M.scutellaris.
Assuntos
Abelhas/fisiologia , Ecossistema , Comportamento Alimentar , Pólen , AnimaisRESUMO
O comportamento de forrageio generalista entre os meliponíneos é uma hipótese aceita, mas não testada, assim como a hipótese subsidiária de preferências florais no gênero Melipona. Aqui analisamos essas hipóteses, através de análises simultâneas e pareadas do uso de fontes de pólen por diferentes colônias de Melipona scutellaris Latreille, em diferentes localidades na área de distribuição desta espécie, no Domínio da Mata Atlântica, no nordeste do Brasil. Entre ago/04 e jan/05, amostras mensais de pólen foram coletadas à entrada de doze colônias de M. scutellaris. Em duas localidades, quatro colônias de M. scutellaris foram comparadas com quatro colônias de Apis mellifera L. As principais fontes de pólen para M. scutellaris foram flores das seguintes famílias vegetais, em ordem decrescente de importância: Myrtaceae, Mimosaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae e Fabaceae. Fontes produtivas de pólen das famílias Asteraceae, Arecaceae e Rubiaceae foram intensamente exploradas por A. mellifera, mas praticamente descartadas por M. scutellaris. Freqüentemente, as duas espécies se sobrepuseram nas principais fontes de pólen, como as flores de Myrtaceae e Mimosaceae. Entretanto, raramente uma mesma fonte foi intensamente explorada por ambas. Em diferentes locais e períodos, as colônias de M. scutellaris apresentaram alta similaridade entre si no uso das fontes florais de pólen, formando agrupamentos (UPGMA) mais compactos e distintos de A. mellifera. Portanto, a escolha das fontes florais pelas colônias foi dependente da espécie. As comparações pareadas refutam a hipótese nula de forrageio aleatório pelas colônias e sustenta a hipótese subsidiária de seletividade de forrageio em M. scutellaris.
Generalist foraging behavior among stingless bees is accepted but untested, as well as the subsidiary hypothesis of floral preferences in the genus Melipona. Here we analyzed those hypotheses comparing the use of floral sources of pollen, through paired analyses of pollen samples from different colonies of Melipona scutellaris Latreille, in three areas of the Atlantic Forest Domain, in Northern Brazil. From August, 2004 to January, 2005, monthly samples of pollen were collected at the entrance of twelve colonies of M. scutellaris. In two places, four colonies of M. scutellaris were compared with four colonies of africanized Apis mellifera L. The main pollen sources chosen by the colonies of M. scutellaris were flowers of the following plant families, in decreasing order of importance: Myrtaceae, Mimosaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Fabaceae. Productive pollen sources of Asteraceae, Arecaceae e Rubiaceae were heavily exploited by the colonies of A. mellifera and discharged by the colonies of M.scutellaris. Often, both species shared the main productive pollen sources, as the flowers of Myrtaceae and Mimosaceae. On the other hand, no pollen sources were heavily exploited altogether by both of them, as a rule. In different places and periods, the colonies of M. scutellaris presented high intra-specific similarity and they formed distinct clusters apart from A. mellifera. Therefore, the selection of pollen sources by colonies was species dependent. The paired comparisons refute the hypothesis of random flower exploitation by colonies and give support to the subsidiary hypothesis of selectivity or floral preferences by M.scutellaris.