Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjuvant in Periodontal Treatment in Individual with Down Syndrome

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), associated with scaling and root planing in the non-surgical periodontal treatment of individuals with Down Syndrome. Material and Methods: A controlled, randomized, split-mouth study was conducted. A total of 8 participants diagnosed with Down Syndrome aged 17-38 years of both sexes with clinical periodontitis were included in the study. Participants were treated at least three times: at the baseline, Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) were obtained. After one week, conventional scaling and root planing were performed, and two quadrants were randomly selected for aPDT application. The reassessment was obtained one month after the aPDT application. The significance level was set at 5%. Analyses were performed considering a 95% confidence interval. Results: In the intergroup evaluation, no statistically significant differences were observed (p>0.05). In the intragroup evaluation, no statistically significant variations were observed in relation to the PI (p>0.05) and PPD (p>0.05); however, a statistically significant reduction in the BOP was observed between the test group (p=0.013) and control group (p=0.015). Conclusion: The use of aPDT as adjuvant therapy did not promote additional benefits in decreasing PI and PPD after 1 month of treatment. However, a significant reduction in the BOP was observed in the intragroup evaluation.

Evaluation of dental enamel microproperties after bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide and different light sources: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the tooth enamel surface morphology after the action of 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without LED activation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 70 bovine incisors with an enamel surface of 4x4x3 mm were used, prepared for reading superficial microhardness and roughness. Specimens were randomly distributed and divided into 7 experimental groups (n = 10); G1 = artificial saliva; G2 = 35% HP - 2 sessions (3x15´); G3 = Phosphoric Acid + 35% HP - 3 sessions (3x15´); G4 = 35% HP - 2 sessions (3x15´) + blue LED; G5 = 35% HP - 2 sessions (3x15´) + green LED; G6 = 35% HP - 2 sessions (3x20´) + violet LED; G7 = Violet LED - 2 sessions (3x20´). The results were analyzed by the Anova, Wilcoxon, Dunnett and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The G4 group showed a greater change in microhardness. Regarding roughness, the biggest mean difference between groups occurred in G2, G5 and G7. Optical microscopy showed a smooth enamel surface in groups G2, G5 and G7. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the enamel surface were observed in relation to microhardness, but without significant changes in roughness, where the LED (green and violet) resulted in a smooth surface. Key words:Tooth whitening, superficial morphology, light, photoradiatio.

Use of high- and low-intensity lasers in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity: A literature review.

BACKGROUND: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is defined as an exaggerated sensitivity of vital dentin exposed to thermal, chemical and tactile stimuli. This study aimed to evaluate, through a literature review, the applicability of high- and low-intensity lasers in the treatment of DH for the past 10 years, as well as its therapeutic potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS were searched using the descriptors ("Dentin Sensitivity" OR "Dentin Hypersensitivity") AND ("Low-Level Therapy" OR Laser), for articles published between 2010 and 2020. Only randomized clinical trials with full-text and full case resolution were included. RESULTS: We found 187 articles in total, among which 61 were pre-selected and 10 included in this literature review. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the found results and their possible limitations, high- and low-intensity lasers, associated or not with other therapies, have demonstrated beneficial effects in the treatment of DH, being considered a promising, safe, easy, and effective field of research, reducing pain sensitivity and preserving pulp vitality. Key words:Dentin sensitivity, dentistry, laser.

Perfil sociodemográfico e condição de saúde periodontal de indivíduos com Síndrome de Down / Sociodemographic profile and periodontal health in individuals with Down syndrome

Objetivo:Identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e a condição de saúde periodontal de indivíduos diagnosticados com Síndrome de Down. Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal envolvendo indivíduos diagnosticadas com Síndrome de Down na cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba. A coleta dos dados sociodemográficos foi realizada através de um questionário semiestruturado aplicado com os cuidadores. O exame clínico foi realizado em ambiente clínico. A amostra foi do tipo não probabilística, por conveniência (n = 20). Realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva. Para as variáveis categóricas foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e percentuais, para as variáveis quantitativas foram calculadas as medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade. As análises foram realizadas com o auxílio do software IBM SPSS Statistics versão 20.0. Resultados:Observou-se uma paridade entre os indivíduos pesquisados em relação ao sexo, 60% eram de cor branca e a média de idade foi de 24,6 anos (DP = 7,08) e renda familiar de 2,47 salários mínimos (DP = 3,57). A higiene bucal é realizada pelo próprio indivíduo (89,5%), usando rotineiramente escova e pasta (68,4%), duas vezes ao dia (50%). A maior parte dos entrevistados já realizou alguma visita ao dentista (84,2%), mais de 4x (66,7%), há menos de 6 meses (53,3%), somente no setor privado (50,0%), sendo o motivo principal da consulta a prevenção (31,3%). Observou-se que a média do índice de placa foi elevado (89,53%). A média do índice de sangramento à sondagem foi de 39,93% e a média de profundidade de sondagem foi de 2,09 mm. Conclusão:Estudos com grupos de indivíduos com SD, que apresentam atendimento odontológico preventivo contínuo e sistemático, demonstraram uma melhora efetiva da saúde periodontal.

Aim:To recognizethe sociodemographic profile and the periodontal health condition of individuals diagnosed with Down syndrome. Methods:This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study involving individuals diagnosed with Down syndrome in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The collection of sociodemographic data was carried out through a semi-structured questionnaire applied to caregivers. The clinical examination was performed in a clinical setting. The sample was non-probabilistic, for convenience (n = 20). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. For categorical variables, absolute and percentage frequencies were calculated, for quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and variability were calculated. The analyzes were performed with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics software version 20.0. Results: There was a parity among the individuals surveyed in relation to sex, 60% were white, and the average age was 24.6 years (SD = 7.08), with a family income of 2.47 minimum wages (SD = 3.57). Oral hygiene is performed by the individual (89.5%), using a toothbrush and toothpaste (68.4%), twice a day (50%). Most interviewees have already visited the dentist (84.2%), more than 4x (66.7%), less than 6 months ago (53.3%), only in the private sector (50.0%), the main reason for the consultation being prevention (31.3%). It was observed that the average plaque index was high (89.53%). The average bleeding rate on probing was 39.93%, and the average probing depth was 2.09 mm. Conclusion:Studies with groups of individuals with DS who have continuous and systematic preventive dental care have demonstrated an effective improvement in periodontal health dental care, have demonstrated an effective improvement in periodontal health.

Genetic structure among morphotypes of the endangered Brazilian palm Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae).

Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae) Mart has high ecological and economic importance providing food resources for more than 58 species of birds and 20 species of mammals, including humans. E. edulis is the second most exploited nontimber product from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Due to overexploitation and destruction of habitats, E. edulis is threatened by extinction. Euterpe edulis populations have large morphological variations, with individuals having green, red, or yellow leaf sheath. However, no study has related phenotypic distinctions between populations and their levels of genetic structure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of different E. edulis morphotypes. We sampled 250 adult individuals in eight populations with the different morphotypes. Using 14 microsatellite markers, we access genetic diversity through population genetic parameters calculated in the GenAlex program and the diveRsity package in R. We used the Wilcoxon test to verify population bottlenecks and the genetic distance of Nei and Bayesian analysis for genetic clusters. The eight populations showed low allele richness, low observed heterozygosity, and high inbreeding values (f). In addition, six of the eight populations experienced genetic bottlenecks, which would partly explain the low genetic diversity in populations. Cluster analysis identified two clusters (K = 2), with green morphotype genetically distinguishing from yellow and red morphotypes. Thus, we show, for the first time, a strong genetic structure among E. edulis morphotypes even for geographically close populations.

O padrão de consumo de álcool entre as usuárias das Unidades de Saúde da Família no município do Recife (PE) / The pattern of alcohol consumption among the users of the Family Health Units in the municipality of Recife (PE)

RESUMO Pesquisas internacionais e nacionais apontam o aumento expressivo de mulheres com consumo abusivo de álcool, e este consumo gera danos sociais, psicológicos e biológicos em suas vidas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os padrões do consumo de álcool por mulheres cadastradas nas Unidades de Saúde da Família no município do Recife (PE). Trata de um estudo exploratório descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, que provém de uma pesquisa original, através de uma amostra definida de 864 mulheres com idades iguais ou superiores a 18 anos. Utilizou um questionário sociodemográfico e o Teste para Identificação de Problemas Relacionados ao uso do Álcool. Os padrões de riscos encontrados entre as participantes foram: 57,9% não bebem; 23,7% bebem de baixo risco; 11,9% bebem de médio risco; e 6,3% bebem de alto risco; predominantemente mulheres jovens, na faixa etária de 18 a 39 anos; sem trabalho e com ensino fundamental. Verificou-se que 54,93% faziam uso abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas em dia típico e 22,93% sofreram ocorrência de apagão alcoólico. Esses resultados evidenciam a importância da elaboração de estratégias de cunho preventivo e da redução de danos diante do beber, para a assistência à saúde da mulher.

ABSTRACT International and national surveys point to the significant increase of women with alcohol abuse, and this consumption generates social, psychological and biological damages in their lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the patterns of alcohol consumption among women enrolled in the Family Health Units in Recife (PE). It is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach, which comes from an original survey through a defined sample of 864 women aged 18 years or older. It used a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Test for Identification of Problems Related to the use of Alcohol. The risk standards found among participants were 57.9% do not drink; 23.7% drink at low risk; 11.9% drink at medium risk; and 6.3% drink at high risk; predominantly young women, in the age group 18 to 39; without work and elementary school. It was verified that 54.93% made abusive use of alcoholic beverages in a typical day and 22.93% suffered an alcoholic blackout. These results evidence the importance of elaborating preventive and harm reduction strategies in relation to drinking, for women's health care.

Evaluation of the Adjuvant Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease: Literature Review / Avaliação do Efeito Adjuvante da Terapia Fotodinâmica Antimicrobiana no Tratamento da Doença Periodontal: Revisão de Literatura

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) is a promising approach with several clinical applications, including the treatment of periodontal diseases, by acting as an adjuvant to the conventional treatment of periodontal disease by allowing reduction of periodontopathogens, with no systemic side effects and minimal possibilities of bacterial resistance. Objective: To verify, through the scientific literature, the effectiveness of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy associated with conventional periodontal treatment. Methodology: The literature review was conducted in the MEDLINE databases - PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The articles were selected through the analysis of titles and abstracts published in the period from 2007 to 2018. Selected articles were published in their entirety and with free or controlled access, of the type clinical trial on the subject, without restriction of languages. The terms used were: "Periodontal diseases"; "Chronic Periodontitis" and "Photochemotherapy." Results: 84 articles were found, and 20 clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. There were different clinical protocols for the association of aPDT with the conventional treatment of periodontal disease. a number of different clinical outcomes were found for each of the proposed clinical protocols. Conclusion: Considering the clinical trials investigated, conflicting results regarding the efficacy of aPTD as an adjuvant treatment of the conventional treatment of periodontal disease are observed. and lack of standardization of clinical parameters and protocols. (AU)

A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (aPDT) é uma abordagem promissora com várias aplicações clínicas, incluindo o tratamento das doenças periodontais, ao atuar como um adjuvante ao tratamento convencional da doença periodontal por permitir redução de periodontopatógenos, com ausência de efeitos sistêmicos colaterais e mínimas possibilidades de resistência bacteriana. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar, por meio da literatura científica, a eficácia da terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana associada ao tratamento periodontal convencional. A revisão de literatura foi conduzida nas bases de dados MEDLINE ­ PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Os artigos foram selecionados através da análise de títulos e de resumos publicados no período de 2007 a 2018. Foram selecionados artigos publicados na íntegra e com acesso livre e gratuito, ou controlado, do tipo ensaio clínico sobre o tema, sem restrição de idiomas. Os termos utilizados foram: Periodontal diseases; Chronic Periodontitis e Photochemotherapy. Foram encontrados 84 artigos, e 20 ensaios clínicos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão, foram analisados. Observou-se diferentes protocolos clínicos para a associação da aPDT com o tratamento convencional da doença periodontal. Também foram encontrados diferentes desfechos clínicos para cada um dos protocolos clínicos propostos. Conclusão: Considerando os ensaios clínicos pesquisados, observa-se resultados conflitantes frente à eficácia da aPDT como tratamento adjuvante do tratamento convencional da doença periodontal. Observa-se, ainda, uma produção literária escassa e a falta de uma padronização dos parâmetros e dos protocolos clínicos. (AU)

Aplicabilidade da terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana na eliminação do Enterococcus faecalis / Applicability of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis / Aplicabilidad de la terapia fotodinámica antimicrobiana en la eliminación del Enterococcus faecalis

Introdução: A endodontia é uma especialidade odontológica que visa promover a saúde dentária por meio da eliminação de micro-organismos capazes de causar agressões pulpares. A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana, apresenta-se como uma alternativa coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico convencional para eliminação dos micro-organismos resistentes ao preparo-químico-mecânico. Objetivo: Explorar a literatura dando enfoque ao mecanismo de ação e aplicabilidade da aPDT na eliminação do Enterococcus faecalis. Material e método: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura conduzida através do acesso às bases de dados eletrônicos Medline/Pubmed e Scielo utilizando isoladamente ou em associação as palavras-chaves "Photodynamic Therapy", "Enterococcus faecalis" e "Endodontic", no período de 2007 a 2017, totalizando 392 artigos. Resultados: A eliminação de forma eficaz de bactérias, Enterococcus faecalis, são vantagens atribuídas à terapia fotodinâmica, no entanto, a literatura evidencia a necessidade de utilizá-la associada a outras formas de tratamento. Conclusão: É necessária a padronização dos protocolos para que se obtenha dados mais esclarecedores sobre a eficácia da terapia fotodinâmica na eliminação do Enterococcus faecalis(AU)

Introduction: Endodontics is a dental specialty that aims to promote dental health by eliminating microorganisms capable of causing pulpal aggressions. Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy is an alternative to conventional endodontic treatment for the elimination of microorganisms resistant to chemical preparation. Objective: To explore the literature focusing on the mechanism of action and applicability of aPDT in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Material and method: A literature review was conducted through access to the Medline / Pubmed and Scielo electronic databases using the keywords "Photodynamic Therapy", "Enterococcus faecalis" and "Endodontic". Results: The effective elimination of bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis, are advantages attributed to photodynamic therapy, however, the literature evidences the need to use it associated with other forms of treatment. Conclusion: Standardization of protocols is necessary to obtain more clarifying data on the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis(AU)

Introducción: La endodoncia es una especialidad odontológica que busca promover la salud dental a través de la eliminación de microorganismos capaces de causar agresiones pulpares. La terapia fotodinámica antimicrobiana, se presenta como una alternativa coadyuvante al tratamiento endodóntico convencional para la eliminación de los microorganismos resistentes al preparado-químico-mecánico. Objetivo: Explorar la literatura centrándose en el mecanismo de acción y aplicabilidad de la aPDT en la eliminación del Enterococcus faecalis. Material y método: Se realizó una revisión de literatura conducida a través del acceso a las bases de datos electrónicos Medline / Pubmed y Scielo utilizando aisladamente o en combinación las palabras clave "Photodynamic Therapy", "Enterococcus faecalis" y "Endodontic". Resultados: La eliminación eficaz de bacterias, Enterococcus faecalis, son ventajas atribuidas a la terapia fotodinámica, sin embargo, la literatura evidencia la necesidad de utilizarla asociada a otras formas de tratamiento. Conclusión: Es necesaria la estandarización de los protocolos para que se obtengan datos más claros sobre la eficacia de la terapia fotodinámica en la eliminación del Enterococcus faecalis(AU)

Atividades educativas sobre saúde cardiovascular para idosos em domicílio / Educational activities on cardiovascular health for the elderly people at home

Objetivo: relatar a experiência sobre o desenvolvimento de atividades educativas referentes à saúde cardiovascular com idosos em seu domicílio. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, realizado com dez idosos convidados no CRAS. Foram realizadas seis visitas ao domicílio de cada idoso. Os materiais de apoio utilizados foram: cartazes, folders, músicas e vídeos explicativos, garrafas pet, vassouras e jogos interativos. Resultados: na primeira visita foram coletadas informações dos participantes, tendo como objetivo conhecer o ambiente onde o idoso reside. A realização das demais visitas tiveram como temas: atividade física, alimentação saudável, dislipidemias, obesidade e sobrepeso, hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus. Conclusão: foi possível verificar que as visitas domiciliares aos idosos atuam como estratégia eficaz na educação em saúde da população-alvo, proporcionando estabelecimento de vínculo e relação de confiança com os idosos. Observou-se que as atividades, assim realizadas, favoreceram para uma melhor compreensão e esclarecimento de dúvidas dos participantes e familiares. Espera-se que esta pesquisa propicie estímulo para os profissionais de saúde, sobretudo os enfermeiros, desenvolverem ações de promoção da saúde no âmbito domiciliar, considerando a individualidade de cada idoso e o ambiente no qual está inserido.

Physiological and biochemical changes attenuate the effects of drought on the Cerrado species Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke.

Drought is considered the main abiotic stress because it influences the distribution of plant species and limits the productivity of ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of drought on physiological and biochemical parameters during the initial development of Vatairea macrocarpa, a native cerrado species. Plants were subjected to daily watering (control); suppression of watering during 90 days with field capacity (fc) 50% and 25% and then followed by rewatering. Relative leaf water content (RWC), gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments content, carbohydrate and amino acids content, antioxidant activities and growth were recorded. The RWC decreased according to the soil water restriction, causing reduction in stomatal conductance and decrease of 76.4% in net photosynthesis in plants submitted to 25% fc. Water restriction decreased the chlorophyll content, however increased carotenoid content and also improved the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT). In addition, high levels of sugars (sucrose, raffinose) and amino acids (proline, tryptophan, valine, glutamine and GABA) were detected in drought stressed plants, contributing to osmoregulation and as sources of carbon and nitrogen after rehydration. Decreases in carbon assimilation promoted a reduction of the leaf area, however an increase in the root surface area was observed. After rewatering, the analized parameters became similar to the control plants indicating that the severe water stress did not impair the survival of young plants. Instead, adjustments were made to protect them against drought such as the maintenance of the assimilatory metabolism at minimal levels.

Pseudooutbreak of rapidly growing mycobacteria due to Mycobacterium abscessus subsp bolletii in a digestive and respiratory endoscopy unit caused by the same clone as that of a countrywide outbreak.

BACKGROUND: The nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are widely spread. In Brazil, 2,520 cases of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) infections after medical procedures were reported, with 5.4% of cases related to nonsurgical invasive procedures and with an occurrence of 1 clone (BRA100) of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp bolletii. OBJECTIVE: To describe a pseudooutbreak of M abscessus subsp bolletii in an endoscopy and bronchoscopy unit. METHODS: The alert for a pseudooutbreak was given when 3 patients, in the same week, had a positive bronchoalveolar lavage culture for M abscessus subsp bolletii. The patients had no symptoms/signs of mycobacterial infection; thus, contamination of bronchoscopes was suspected. Samples for culturing were collected from bronchoscopes, digestive endoscopes, automated disinfection machines, and the water supply. Clinical samples were identified by polymerase chain reaction restriction-enzyme analysis (PRA) of the hsp65 gene and their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern was compared with environmental samples. RESULTS: The investigation demonstrated a contamination of bronchoscopes, digestive endoscopes, and disinfection machines. Molecular typing demonstrated that all strains belonged to the same clone (MAB01), identical to clone BRA100. DISCUSSION: Cross-transmission due to poor disinfection as well as resistance to glutaraldehyde may play roles in the spread of MAB01 M abscessus subsp bolletii, which may have a unique resistance to the environment and adaption to human hosts. However the water supply may have played a role. Attention is needed to ensure the quality of water used to rinse disinfected equipment.

Natural Leishmania (Viannia) spp. infections in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Brazilian Amazon region reveal new putative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.

In Amazonian Brazil the etiological agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) belong to at least seven Leishmania species but little is known about the putative phlebotomine sand fly vectors in different biomes. In 2002-2003 a survey of the phlebotomine fauna was undertaken in the "Floresta Nacional do Tapajós", Belterra municipality, in the lower Amazon region, western Pará State, Brazil, where we recently confirmed the presence of a putative hybrid parasite, L. (V.) guyanensis × L. (V.) shawi shawi. Sand flies were collected from Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps, Shannon traps and by aspiration on tree bases. Females were dissected and attempts to isolate any flagellate infections were made by inoculating homogenized midguts into Difco B(45) medium. Isolates were characterized by monoclonal antibodies and isoenzyme electrophoresis. A total of 9,704 sand flies, belonging to 68 species or subspecies, were collected. Infections were found in the following sand flies: L. (V.) naiffi with Psychodopygus hirsutus hirsutus (1) and Ps. davisi (2); and L. (V.) shawi shawi with Nyssomyia whitmani (3) and Lutzomyia gomezi (1). These results provide strong evidence of new putative transmission cycles for L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) s. shawi.

Sessões educativas sobre saúde cardiovascular com idosos: relato de experiência / Educational sessions on cardiovascular health with elderly: case report

Objetivo: relatar sobre o desenvolvimento de sessões educativas acerca da saúde cardiovascular para idosos. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, realizado nos Centros de Referência da Assistência Social do Maciço de Baturité, Ceará/CE. As cidades contempladas e número de participantes foram: Aratuba (20), Baturité (76), Itapiúna (28), Ocara (25) Pacoti (33) e Redenção (42). Temáticas abordadas foram: alimentação saudável, consumo de sal, obesidade, atividade física, tabagismo, etilismo e dislipidemias.Resultados:as sessões foram realizadas de forma clara e objetiva, com participação ativa dos idosos, permitindo-os compartilhar suas expectativas, vivências do cotidiano e respondendo aos questionamentos. A distribuição de folders auxiliou como material de consulta. Conclusão:observou-se que os idosos mostraram-se interessados em mudar seu estilo de vida e dispostos a adotar hábitos saudáveis, sessões como estas são importantes na prática de enfermagem na busca de qualidade de vida

Cocoa and Human Health: From Head to Foot--A Review.

The cocoa, as part of the wonderful nature, provides the mankind a wide variety of valuable food products and health benefits. The most known and universally relished product derived from this fruit is chocolate, an amazing and unique food for the human nutrition with records of consumption of similar products dating to 1000 years BC. In fact, the cocoa is a complex food that includes over 300 different components. This review is designed to inform scientists, technicians, academicians, farmers, and interested communities of numerous studies that have been conducted worldwide to investigate the properties of various cocoa constituents, their relations to human health, and their potential role in the prevention and treatment of many medical conditions. The general population, for example in Brazil, despite being one of the major producers of cocoa, is poorly informed of the significant and beneficial properties of cocoa. The present review covers important topics linking cocoa to human health and show the state of the art of effect of cocoa in different systems that comprise the human body. The paper is organized based on the main human organ system and includes: cardiovascular/circulatory, neurological/nervous, oral health, endocrine, lymphatic and immunological, respiratory, reproductive, and dermatological systems. Scientific findings tend to confirm the historic designation of cocoa as "food of the Gods."

Pressão arterial, doenças cardiovasculares e hábitos de vida de idosos / Presión arterial, enfermedades cardiovasculares y hábitos de vida de ancianos / Blood pressure, heart diseases and lifestyles of elderly

Objetivos investigar valores da pressão arterial; identificar história de doenças cardiovasculares e hábitos de vida em idosos de um centro de referência da assistência social. Métodos estudo transversal, realizado com cinquenta idosos. Foi aplicado formulário contendo questões referentes a dados sociais, histórico de doenças e hábitos de vida. Em seguida, verificou-se a pressão arterial. Resultados averiguou-se que 73,3% dos idosos apresentaram alterações pressóricas. As alterações sistólicas foram identificadas em 73,3% e as diastólicas em 10%. As doenças cardiovasculares mais referidas foram hipertensão arterial (70,0%), diabetes mellitus (38,0%) e dislipidemias (32,0%). Os fatores de risco mais presentes foram o uso atual ou passado do tabaco, de forma ativa (68,0%), passiva (26,0%) e a inatividade física (48,0%). Conclusão identificaram-se pessoas com alteração da pressão arterial e seus fatores de risco. Tal situação poderá contribuir para o direcionamento do cuidado de enfermagem e atendimento das reais necessidades dessa população.

Objetivos investigar valores de la presión arterial; identificar antecedentes de enfermedades cardiovasculares y de hábitos de vida en ancianos de un centro de referencia de la asistencia social. Métodos estudio transversal, realizado con cincuenta ancianos. Formulario se aplicó con cuestiones relativas a los datos sociales, histórico de enfermedades y hábitos de vida. A continuación, se verificó la presión arterial. Resultados se constató que 73,3% de los ancianos tenían alteraciones de presión. Se identificaron cambios sistólicos en 73,3%, y diastólicos en 10%. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares más frecuentes fueron hipertensión (70,0%), diabetes mellitus (38,0%) y dislipidemias (32,0%). Los más presentes factores de riesgo fueron el uso actual o pasado de tabaco, de forma activa (68,0%), pasiva (26,0%) y inactividad física (48,0%). Conclusión se identificaron personas con presión arterial alterada y sus factores de riesgo. Esta situación podrá contribuir para la atención de enfermería y de las necesidades reales de esta población.

Objectives to investigate the blood pressure values; to identify the history of cardiovascular diseases and lifestyles of elderly at a social assistance reference center. Methods cross-sectional study, conducted with fifty elderly. A form with questions regarding social data, history of diseases and lifestyles was applied. In sequence, the blood pressure was checked. Results it was observed that 73.3% of the elderly had pressure alterations. Systolic alterations were identified in 73.3%, and diastolic, in 10% of the elderly. The most frequently referred cardiovascular diseases were hypertension (70.0%), diabetes mellitus (38.0%) and dyslipidemia (32.0%). The most common risk factors were current or past use of tobacco whether active (68.0%) or passive (26.0%), and physical inactivity (48.0%). Conclusion people with altered blood pressure and associated risk factors were identified. This situation may contribute to directing nursing care and addressing the real needs of elderly population.

Sustentabilidade socioambiental e a retórica neodesenvolvimentista: apontamentos sobre meio ambiente e saúde no Brasil / Socio environmental sustainability and the neodevelopmentalist rethoric: notes on environment and health in Brazil

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é problematizar as principais contradições do modelo de desenvolvimento brasileiro, o "neodesenvolvimentismo", enfocando a relação ambiente/saúde e suas principais manifestações no contexto atual. Advoga-se que em nome da sustentabilidade econômica promove-se uma insustentabilidade socioambiental, com fortes rebatimentos sobre a saúde da população. Pretende-se desvelar as contradições que se põem na atual conjuntura e a ideologia que lhe dá suporte, a qual manifesta o próprio modo de ser burguês.

AbstractThis article aims at questioning the main contradictions of the Brazilian developmental model, the "neodevelopmentalism", and it does so by focusing the relationship between environment and health, and its main expressions in the current context. It is said that on behalf of economic sustainability, a socio environmental unsustainability is promoted, and it spreads over the population´s health. We intend to unveil the contradictions of the current situation and its supporting ideology, which expresses the bourgeois way of being itself.

O beber feminino: socialização e solidão / The female drinking: socialization and loneliness

Este estudo se propõe a conhecer o significado do beber entre mulheres que sofrem de alcoolismo e buscam tratamento através de um serviço especializado. Apresenta natureza qualitativa e é ancorado à teoria das representações sociais, utilizando questionário e entrevista em profundidade. As participantes revelam que o início do beber significa socialização e prazer, porém, com a dependência do álcool, ele acende o preconceito e afastamento das pessoas, gerando solidão devido à baixa tolerância social em relação ao hábito de mulheres beberem nocivamente. Elas ainda apontam uma percepção negativa desta dependência, sendo a solidão o significado mais representativo. E se sentem mais penalizadas do que os homens.

This study aims to know the meaning of drinking among women who suffer from alcoholism and seek treatment through a specialized service. It presents a qualitative nature and it is anchored to the social representations theory, using a questionnaire and in-depth interview. The participants reveal that the onset of drinking means socialization and pleasure, however, with the alcohol dependence, it lights the prejudice and the removal of people, resulting in loneliness due to low social tolerance in relation to the habit of women drinking harmfully. They also point to a negative perception of this dependence, being loneliness the most representative meaning. And they feel more penalized than men.

Desenvolvimento humano e a produção do conhecimento: trajetórias de investigação de natureza fenomenológica e hermenêutica / Human development and production of knowledge: trajectories of research of phenomenological and hermeneutical nature

Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo investigações que se desenvolvem como um percurso metodológico no âmbito da Cátedra Joel Martins e que focam a experiência dos sujeitos que vivenciam a indissociável interface saúde–educação numa perspectiva inter/multi e transdisciplinar. Objetiva enfatizar que a consciência pré-reflexiva e pré-objetiva presente nos discursos fenomenológicos mostra-se de forma especial para compreensão dos modos pelos quais os sujeitos envolvidos na investigação vivenciam seu fazer, formulam sentidos, produzem conhecimentos. Como suporte metodológico, a fenomenologia hermenêutica propiciou a leitura compreensivo/interpretativa das pesquisas apresentadas. Como resultado desta leitura salienta: a necessidade de uma postura crítica nas investigações sistemáticas; o discernimento de que é possível fazer ciência a partir da experiência vivida e da intervenção na realidade concreta. Conclui ainda que a construção de conhecimento, de ações educativas humanizadoras e de cuidados constitui-se num fazer transformador em constante (re)construção.(AU)

This paper has as object of study investigations developed as a methodological course in the context of Joel Martins Chair, focusing on the experience of subjects living the inseparable health-education interface from an inter/multi/transdisciplinary perspective. It intends to emphasize that the pre-objective and pre-reflexive consciousness present in phenomenological discourses shows up as a special way to the comprehension of the modes by which the subjects engaged in the research live their acts, formulate meanings and produce knowledge. As methodological support, hermeneutical phenomenology has provided the comprehensive/interpretative reading of the research presented. As result of this reading, it emphasizes the need for a critical stance in systematic investigations, discernment that it is possible to make science from the lived experience and the intervention in reality. It concludes that the building of knowledge, humanizing educational actions and care constitute a transforming activity in constant(re)construction.(AU)

Reabilitação de uma idosa com alcoolismo / Rehabilitation of an elderly with alcoholism

Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, respaldado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Teve por objetivo compreender e analisar o caminho percorrido por uma mulher idosa com alcoolismo crônico, acompanhada em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Álcool e outras Drogas, a partir do modelo de atenção integral à saúde para tratamento de problemas decorrentes do uso de álcool e outras drogas, vislumbrando a busca de novas perspectivas de cuidado. O caso levantou questionamentos acerca das limitações existentes na rede de atenção ao cuidado da dependência química entre mulheres, na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Recife. Acolheu igualmente a necessidade em avançar na reabilitação e na reinserção social em prol da obtenção de resultados significativos na melhoria da qualidade de vida da idosa, relacionando-os à proposta de promoção da saúde.Para tanto, fez-se necessário relatar a história do tratamento e reabilitação de vida da idosa com seus momentos de investimento, dificuldades e superações. Realizou-se ao final, a preconização de um modelo de atenção integral à saúde de usuários de drogas, que precisa ser compreendida a partir de sua expressão na prática cotidiana do serviço.(AU)

This is a case study with a qualitative approach, supported the theory of social representations, which aimed to understand and analyze the path of an elderly woman with chronic alcoholism accompanied in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs, from the comprehensive care model for treatment to health problems caused by alcohol andother drugs glimpsing the search for new perspectives to care. The case raised questions about the limitations of the network existidas attention to the care of addiction among women of the Municipal Health Recife. Also accepted the need for advances in rehabilitation and social reintegration for the sake of obtaining significant results in improving the quality of life of the elderly, relating them to the proposed health promotion. Therefore, it was necessary to tell the story of the treatment and rehabilitation of elderly living with their time investment, difficulties and over runs. We finished that apreconização a model of comprehensive health care for drug users need to be understood from its expression in the daily practice of theservice.(AU)

Trabalho em saúde, formação profissional e inserção do Serviço Social na residência multiprofissional em saúde da família / Health work, professional qualification and the role of social work in multiprofessional residence in family health

O artigo discute as especificidades, atribuições e a vivência do trabalho do assistente social na área da saúde. Este estudo foi elaborado a partir da inserção na Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família, compreendendo que o profissional de Serviço Social atua nas expressões da questão social, nos determinantes sociais do processo saúde-doença, tendo em vista atender às reais necessidades de saúde da população e os princípios e diretrizes do SUS. Considera-se que a formação em saúde não deve perder de vista a identidade profissional bem como os fundamentos e o projeto ético-político da profissão.

The folowing essay discusses the trials and tribulations of the social worker’s role in the health care system. This study has been elaborated using data from an insertion in the Multiprofessional Family Health Residence. Considering that the social worker acts upon the expressions of the social question and the social determinants of the health-illness process, and in order to fulfill the real health needs of the population and the principles and guidelines of the SUS, it is believed that the health formation shall not lose sight of the professional identity nor the profession’s principles and its ethical-political project.