Successful Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Inherited CARD9 Deficiency.

Autosomal recessive (AR) CARD9 (caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9) deficiency underlies invasive infections by fungi of the ascomycete phylum in previously healthy individuals at almost any age. Although CARD9 is expressed mostly by myeloid cells, the cellular basis of fungal infections in patients with inherited CARD9 deficiency is unclear. Therapy for fungal infections is challenging, with at least 20% premature mortality. We report two unrelated patients from Brazil and Morocco with AR CARD9 deficiency, both successfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). From childhood onward, the patients had invasive dermatophytic disease, which persisted or recurred despite multiple courses of antifungal treatment. Sanger sequencing identified homozygous missense CARD9 variants at the same residue, c.302G>T (p.R101L) in the Brazilian patient and c.301C>T (p.R101C) in the Moroccan patient. At the ages of 25 and 44 years, respectively, they received a HSCT. The first patient received a HLA-matched HSCT from his CARD9-mutated heterozygous sister. There was 100% donor chimerism at D + 100. The other patient received a T cell-depleted haploidentical HSCT from his CARD9-mutated heterozygous brother. A second HSCT from the same donor was performed due to severe amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia despite achieving full donor chimerism (100%). At last follow-up, more than 3 years after HSCT, both patients have achieved complete clinical remission and stopped antifungal therapy. HSCT might be a life-saving therapeutic option in patients with AR CARD9 deficiency. This observation strongly suggests that the pathogenesis of fungal infections in these patients is largely due to the disruption of leukocyte-mediated CARD9 immunity.

Efeitos cardiovasculares e neuroendócrinos do butorfanol e da buprenorfina em cães anestesiados pelo desfluorano / Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine in dogs anesthetized with desflurane

Avaliaram-se os efeitos do butorfanol e da buprenorfina sobre variáveis cardiovasculares e neuroendócrinas em cães anestesiados com desfluorano, utilizando-se 30 cães adultos, machos e fêmeas, distribuídos em três grupos denominados grupo butorfanol (GBT), grupo buprenorfina (GBP) e grupo-controle (GCO). A anestesia foi induzida com propofol (8mg/kgIV) e nos animais intubados administrou-se desfluorano (1,5CAM). Após 30 minutos, nos cães do GBT, aplicou-se butorfanol (0,4mg/kgIM); nos do GBP, buprenorfina (0,02mg/kgIM); e nos do GCO, solução de NaCl a 0,9 por cento (0,05ml/kgIM). Avaliaram-se: freqüência cardíaca; pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média; débito cardíaco; pressão venosa central; cortisol; hormônio adrenocorticotrópico; noradrenalina; e glicose. As colheitas dos dados foram feitas aos 30 minutos após o início da administração do desfluorano (M0), 15 minutos após a administração do opióide ou placebo (M15), e a cada 15 minutos após M15 (M30, M45, M60 e M75). Para a avaliação neuroendócrina utilizaram-se os momentos M-30 (antes da administração dos fármacos), M0, M15 e M45. Na freqüência cardíaca houve diferença entre M0 e M15 (129 e 111bat/min) em GBT, e entre M0 e M30 (131 e 112bat/min) em GBP. Na pressão arterial média, a diferença foi entre M0 (86mmHg) e todos os momentos que se seguiram (todos os valores foram menores que 72mmHg), em GBT. A pressão arterial diastólica foi menor em todos os momentos (<53mmHg) quando comparada com a do M0 (67mmHg), em GBT. Na pressão arterial sistólica, a diferença foi entre M0 e M15 e M30 (112 versus 93 e 94mmHg, respectivamente) em GBT. A inclusão dos opióides determinou discreta redução nos parâmetros cardiovasculares, enquanto o desfluorano interferiu na função neuroendócrina elevando os níveis plasmáticos de glicose.

The effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine variables in dogs anesthetized with desflurane were studied. Thirty adult healthy, males and females, mongrel dogs were distributed in three groups denominated butorphanol group (BTG), buprenorphine group (BPG) and control group (COG). The anesthetic induction was done using propofol (8mg/kg, IV), and immediately, the dogs were intubated and submited to desflurane anaesthesia (1.5 MAC). After 30 minutes, the BTG animals received butorphanol (0.4mg/kg IM), the BPG animals buprenorphine (0.02mg/kg IM) and the COG animals saline solution at 0.9 percent (0.05 ml/kg IM). Heart rate; systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures; cardiac output; venous central pressure; cortisol; ACTH; noradrenalin; and glucose were measured. The measurements were recorded at 30 minutes after beginning the inhalatory anaesthesia (M0) and at 15 minutes after opioid or saline administration (M15). Also a serial measurements were carried out in 15-minute intervals after M15 (M30, M45, M60 and M75). For neuroendocrine evaluation measurements were recorded before desflurane administration (M-30), and at M0, M15 AND m45. For heart rate there were differences between M0 and M15 (129 and 111 beats/min) in BTG, and between M0 and M30 (131 and 112 beats/min), in BPG. For mean arterial blood pressure there were differences between M0 (86mmHg) and all the recorded measurements (all measurements were lower than 72mmHg), in BTG. All recorded diastolic arterial blood pressures were lower than 53mmHg and different of the recorded measure M0 (67mmHg), in BTG. For systolic arterial blood pressure there were differences between M0 and M15 and M30 (112 vs 93 and 94mmHg, respectively), in BTG. Opioids administration determined discrete reduction in cardiovascular parameters while desflurane caused alterations in neuroendocrine function, increasing plasmatic levels of glucose.