Needle-free anesthetic polymeric device for dental anesthesia in children: A randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate efficacy of an anesthetic mucoadhesive film with a polymeric device (PD) in promoting anesthesia compared to conventional local infiltration (LA) in children. METHODS: 50 children aged 6-10 years (both genders) needing similar procedures on homologous teeth on the maxilla were included. The parents and children were asked about perception of dental treatment. The child's heart rate per minute (bpm) and blood pressure were evaluated before and after each anesthetic technique (AT) procedure. Anesthesia efficacy was measured by reporting pain using Wong-Baker Faces Scale. Children's behavior and AT preferences were also evaluated. Paired T-test, chi-square and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical comparisons. RESULTS: Fear of anesthesia was reported by 50% of caregivers and by 66% of children. No difference was observed in systolic (P= 0.282) and diastolic (P= 0.251) blood pressure, comparing both AT. Difference was observed regarding the child's behavior when the PD was used (P= 0.0028). Evaluating the face scale, 74% of the children selected the "no pain" (face 0) (P< 0.0001) for PD, and 26% for LA. PD was preferred by 86% of children. Only 20% of the PD anesthesia needed to be complemented by LA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The polymeric device presented promising results since most children did not report pain and dental procedures could be performed without local infiltration.

Outbreaks of philophthalmiasis in ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Northeast Brazil / Surtos de filoftalmíase em avestruzes (Struthio camelus) no Nordeste do Brasil

This study discusses the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of two outbreaks of ocular infection in ostriches (Struthio camelus) caused by the trematode Philophthalmus sp. The outbreaks occurred in the states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte in Northeast Brazil. Ostrich farming was categorized as semi-intensive farming with free access to the weir and river. The clinical symptoms for infection included nictitating membrane inflammation, epiphora (tearing), eyelid edema, ocular congestion, eyeball destruction, emaciation, and death, and the infection period ranged from 8 to 16 months. Macroscopically, thickening of the eyelids and conjunctiva were observed, with orange parasites infestation. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as lymphoplasmacytic and heterophilic, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, chronic conjunctivitis associated with hyperplasia and ectasia of the Harderian gland, and numerous parasites. The parasites were oval and flattened with an oral suction cup, acetabulum, and thick cuticle containing spicules. The diagnosis of philophthalmiasis was based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings associated with the morphological characteristics of the parasites present in the conjunctival sacs which were similar to the trematode Philophthalmus sp. Philophthalmiasis can occur in ostriches raised on urban and rural properties in Northeastern Brazil, probably associated with the contact of birds with contaminated water, and is characterized by severe conjunctivitis that can result in the loss of the eyeball and death of the animals.

Descrevem-se as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas de dois surtos de infecção ocular pelo trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. em avestruzes ocorridos nos estados do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte no Nordeste do Brasil. As propriedades tinham em comum, a criação semi-intensiva e livre acesso a açude e rio. Os sinais clínicos incluíam protrusão da membrana nictante, lacrimejamento, edema palpebral, congestão ocular, destruição do globo ocular, emagrecimento e morte. A evolução clínica variou de oito a 16 meses. Macroscopicamente, observou-se espessamento das pálpebras e conjuntivas associado a numerosas estruturas parasitárias alaranjadas. No segundo surto, as lesões eram mais graves e consistiam em perda do globo ocular direito e anexos. Histologicamente, as lesões caracterizavam-se por conjuntivite linfoplasmocítica e heterofílica, multifocal a coalescente, moderada, crônica associada a hiperplasia e ectasia da glândula de Harderian e numerosas estruturas parasitárias. Os parasitas eram ovalados, achatados com ventosa oral e acetábulo e cutícula espessa contendo espículas. O diagnóstico de filoftalmíase foi realizado com base nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associadas as características morfológicas dos parasitas presentes nos sacos conjuntivais compatíveis com o trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. A filoftalmíase pode ocorrer em avestruzes criados em propriedades urbanas e rurais no Nordeste do Brasil, provavelmente associado ao contato das aves com água contaminada e caracteriza-se por quadros de conjuntivite grave que pode resultar com a perda do globo ocular e morte dos animais.

Vibration therapy as an effective approach to improve bone healing in diabetic rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of vibration therapy on fracture healing in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Methods: 148 rats underwent fracture surgery and were assigned to four groups: (1) SHAM: weight-matched non-diabetic rats, (2) SHAM+VT: non-diabetic rats treated with vibration therapy (VT), (3) DM: diabetic rats, and (4) DM+VT: diabetic rats treated with VT. Thirty days after diabetes induction with streptozotocin, animals underwent bone fracture, followed by surgical stabilization. Three days after bone fracture, rats began VT. Bone healing was assessed on days 14 and 28 post-fracture by serum bone marker analysis, and femurs collected for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, histology, and gene expression. Results: Our results are based on 88 animals. Diabetes led to a dramatic impairment of bone healing as demonstrated by a 17% reduction in bone mineral density and decreases in formation-related microstructural parameters compared to non-diabetic control rats (81% reduction in bone callus volume, 69% reduction in woven bone fraction, 39% reduction in trabecular thickness, and 45% in trabecular number). These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in the expression of osteoblast-related genes (Runx2, Col1a1, Osx), as well as a 92% reduction in serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) levels. On the other hand, resorption-related parameters were increased in diabetic rats, including a 20% increase in the callus porosity, a 33% increase in trabecular separation, and a 318% increase in serum C terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen levels. VT augmented osteogenic and chondrogenic cell proliferation at the fracture callus in diabetic rats; increased circulating IGF-1 by 668%, callus volume by 52%, callus bone mineral content by 90%, and callus area by 72%; and was associated with a 19% reduction in circulating receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANK-L). Conclusions: Diabetes had detrimental effects on bone healing. Vibration therapy was effective at counteracting the significant disruption in bone repair induced by diabetes, but did not improve fracture healing in non-diabetic control rats. The mechanical stimulus not only improved bone callus quality and quantity, but also partially restored the serum levels of IGF-1 and RANK-L, inducing bone formation and mineralization, thus creating conditions for adequate fracture repair in diabetic rats.

Interferon-gamma inducible protein 16 and type I interferon receptors expression in experimental apical periodontitis induced in wild-type mice.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the IFI16 and IFN-α/ß receptors expression during the genesis and development of experimental apical periodontitis (AP) in mice teeth. METHODOLOGY: Apical periodontitis was induced in the lower first molars of 40 C57BL/6 mice. They were divided according to the experimental periods 2, 7, 14, 21 and 42 days (n = 8 per group). Five animals were used as a control group (without AP). Specimens were submitted to histological processing for description of the inflammatory process, immunostaining for the presence/absence and localization of IFI16 and IFN-α/ß receptors (qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histoenzimology. RESULTS: The results showed a gradual development of AP over the experimental times. The expression of IFI16 was noticeably more exacerbated in the experimental early period (day 2) whilst the lowest expression was observed in the control group (p = .02). For IFN-α/ß receptors, a higher intensity staining was observed 42 days after AP induction, that was statistically different from the control group (p = .02). In addition, the number of TRAP-positive cells was higher on the later periods (days 21 and 42; p < .001). CONCLUSION: IFI16 protein expression was highest during the early periods after AP induction in mice teeth, whilst IFN-α/ß receptor expression was highest after AP became established.

Cannabinoids in Audiogenic Seizures: From Neuronal Networks to Future Perspectives for Epilepsy Treatment.

Cannabinoids and Cannabis-derived compounds have been receiving especial attention in the epilepsy research scenario. Pharmacological modulation of endocannabinoid system's components, like cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1R) and their bindings, are associated with seizures in preclinical models. CB1R expression and functionality were altered in humans and preclinical models of seizures. Additionally, Cannabis-derived compounds, like cannabidiol (CBD), present anticonvulsant activity in humans and in a great variety of animal models. Audiogenic seizures (AS) are induced in genetically susceptible animals by high-intensity sound stimulation. Audiogenic strains, like the Genetically Epilepsy Prone Rats, Wistar Audiogenic Rats, and Krushinsky-Molodkina, are useful tools to study epilepsy. In audiogenic susceptible animals, acute acoustic stimulation induces brainstem-dependent wild running and tonic-clonic seizures. However, during the chronic protocol of AS, the audiogenic kindling (AuK), limbic and cortical structures are recruited, and the initially brainstem-dependent seizures give rise to limbic seizures. The present study reviewed the effects of pharmacological modulation of the endocannabinoid system in audiogenic seizure susceptibility and expression. The effects of Cannabis-derived compounds in audiogenic seizures were also reviewed, with especial attention to CBD. CB1R activation, as well Cannabis-derived compounds, induced anticonvulsant effects against audiogenic seizures, but the effects of cannabinoids modulation and Cannabis-derived compounds still need to be verified in chronic audiogenic seizures. The effects of cannabinoids and Cannabis-derived compounds should be further investigated not only in audiogenic seizures, but also in epilepsy related comorbidities present in audiogenic strains, like anxiety, and depression.

DNA damage induced by cylindrospermopsin on different tissues of the biomonitor fish Poecilia reticulata.

The cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is the second biggest cause of poisoning worldwide, both in humans and animals. Although CYN primarily affects the aquatic environments and can be absorbed in fishes by multiple routes, data reporting its toxicity and mechanism of action are still scarce in this group. Using P. reticulata as model species, it was evaluated whether CYN promotes mutagenic and genotoxic effects in different fish target tissues. Adult females were exposed in a static way to 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 µg L-1 of pure CYN for 24 and 96 hours. For the first time, DNA damage was detected in fish brain after CYN exposition. In brain cells, a concentration-response DNA damage was observed for both exposure times, suggesting a direct or indirect action of CYN in neurotoxicity. For the liver cells, 96 hours caused an increase in DNA damage, as well the highest percentage of DNA in the tail was reached when used 1.5 µg L-1 of CYN. In peripheral blood cells, an increase in DNA damage was observed for all tested concentrations after 96 hours. In erythrocytes, micronuclei frequency was higher at 1.5 µg L-1 treatment while the erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) frequency was significantly higher even at the lowest CYN concentration. Such data demonstrated that acute exposition to CYN promotes genotoxicity in the brain, liver, and blood cells of P. reticulata, as well mutagenicity in erythrocytes. It rises an alert regarding to the toxic effects of CYN for aquatic organisms as well as for human health.

Clinical and post mortem examination of white worm lizards (Amphisbaena alba) in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil: morphological, pathological and radiographic findings of a secretive species / Exame clínico e post mortem de anfisbenas (Amphisbaena alba) no Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil: achados morfológicos, patológicos e radiográficos de uma espécie reservada

Amphisbenians are limbless reptiles that belong to the order Squamata. Due to their fossorial and secrevie habits, little is known about their morphology, ecology and pathological conditions that may affect them. In this manuscript, we present a brief guide for identification of normal structures as well as traumatic injuries on radiography and necropsy of Amphisbaena alba. From April to September 2019, three cases of A. alba with suspected trauma were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). In the clinical evaluation, traumatic injuries were observed, and support therapy was instituted, but they did not resist and died shortly after. Bone fractures and organ ruptures, in addition to specific structures of this species were identified on radiography. A systematic necropsy was performed of all amphisbaenians in order to evaluate external and internal structures, not only to identify lesions but also to investigate the morphological aspects of amphisbenids. Macroscopically, multiple organ fractures and ruptures observed in radiographs were confirmed, in addition to the presence of the cestodes Semenoviella amphisbaenae in the large intestine. Histologically, it was possible to identify normal characteristics and microscopic lesions in the tissues. This is the first study to incorporate morphological, clinical, and pathological aspects of A. alba. This manuscript brings essential information for wildlife veterinarians and pathologists who may have to treat or perform a necropsy on these unique reptiles.(AU)

Anfisbenas são répteis desprovidos de membros que pertencem a ordem Squamata. Devido a seus hábitos fossoriais e reclusos, pouco se conhece sobre sua morfologia, ecologia e condições patológicas que possam afetá-las. Neste artigo, um guia sucinto para a necropsia, identificação de tecidos e órgãos e lesões encontradas em Amphisbaena alba, é apresentado. Durante março e dezembro de 2019, três casos de A. alba com suspeita de trauma foram encaminhados ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Na avaliação clínica foram observadas lesões traumáticas e instituído um suporte terapêutico, porém não resistiram e morreram em seguida. Foram realizadas projeções radiográficas onde identificaram fraturas e ruptura de órgãos, além de identificar estruturas específicas dessa espécie. Uma avaliação completa de estruturas externas e internas foi conduzida para investigar aspectos morfológicos dos anfisbenídeos. Macroscopicamente foram confirmadas múltiplas fraturas e rupturas de órgãos observadas anteriormente nas radiografias, além disso evidenciou no intestino grosso presença de parasitos anoplocéfalos denominados Semenoviella amphisbaenae. Na histologia foi possível identificar características normais e lesões microscópicas nos tecidos. Esse é o primeiro estudo a incorporar aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e patológicos de A. alba. Esse manuscrito traz informações essenciais para clínicos e patologistas de animais selvagens que podem se deparar com casos clínicos ou de necropsia de Amphisbaena alba.(AU)

Clinical and post mortem examination of white worm lizards (Amphisbaena alba) in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil: morphological, pathological and radiographic findings of a secretive species / Exame clínico e post mortem de anfisbenas (Amphisbaena alba) no Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil: achados morfológicos, patológicos e radiográficos de uma espécie reservada

Amphisbenians are limbless reptiles that belong to the order Squamata. Due to their fossorial and secrevie habits, little is known about their morphology, ecology and pathological conditions that may affect them. In this manuscript, we present a brief guide for identification of normal structures as well as traumatic injuries on radiography and necropsy of Amphisbaena alba. From April to September 2019, three cases of A. alba with suspected trauma were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). In the clinical evaluation, traumatic injuries were observed, and support therapy was instituted, but they did not resist and died shortly after. Bone fractures and organ ruptures, in addition to specific structures of this species were identified on radiography. A systematic necropsy was performed of all amphisbaenians in order to evaluate external and internal structures, not only to identify lesions but also to investigate the morphological aspects of amphisbenids. Macroscopically, multiple organ fractures and ruptures observed in radiographs were confirmed, in addition to the presence of the cestodes Semenoviella amphisbaenae in the large intestine. Histologically, it was possible to identify normal characteristics and microscopic lesions in the tissues. This is the first study to incorporate morphological, clinical, and pathological aspects of A. alba. This manuscript brings essential information for wildlife veterinarians and pathologists who may have to treat or perform a necropsy on these unique reptiles.(AU)

Anfisbenas são répteis desprovidos de membros que pertencem a ordem Squamata. Devido a seus hábitos fossoriais e reclusos, pouco se conhece sobre sua morfologia, ecologia e condições patológicas que possam afetá-las. Neste artigo, um guia sucinto para a necropsia, identificação de tecidos e órgãos e lesões encontradas em Amphisbaena alba, é apresentado. Durante março e dezembro de 2019, três casos de A. alba com suspeita de trauma foram encaminhados ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Na avaliação clínica foram observadas lesões traumáticas e instituído um suporte terapêutico, porém não resistiram e morreram em seguida. Foram realizadas projeções radiográficas onde identificaram fraturas e ruptura de órgãos, além de identificar estruturas específicas dessa espécie. Uma avaliação completa de estruturas externas e internas foi conduzida para investigar aspectos morfológicos dos anfisbenídeos. Macroscopicamente foram confirmadas múltiplas fraturas e rupturas de órgãos observadas anteriormente nas radiografias, além disso evidenciou no intestino grosso presença de parasitos anoplocéfalos denominados Semenoviella amphisbaenae. Na histologia foi possível identificar características normais e lesões microscópicas nos tecidos. Esse é o primeiro estudo a incorporar aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e patológicos de A. alba. Esse manuscrito traz informações essenciais para clínicos e patologistas de animais selvagens que podem se deparar com casos clínicos ou de necropsia de Amphisbaena alba.(AU)

Clinical and post mortem examination of white worm lizards (Amphisbaena alba) in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil: morphological, pathological and radiographic findings of a secretive species

ABSTRACT: Amphisbenians are limbless reptiles that belong to the order Squamata. Due to their fossorial and secrevie habits, little is known about their morphology, ecology and pathological conditions that may affect them. In this manuscript, we present a brief guide for identification of normal structures as well as traumatic injuries on radiography and necropsy of Amphisbaena alba. From April to September 2019, three cases of A. alba with suspected trauma were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). In the clinical evaluation, traumatic injuries were observed, and support therapy was instituted, but they did not resist and died shortly after. Bone fractures and organ ruptures, in addition to specific structures of this species were identified on radiography. A systematic necropsy was performed of all amphisbaenians in order to evaluate external and internal structures, not only to identify lesions but also to investigate the morphological aspects of amphisbenids. Macroscopically, multiple organ fractures and ruptures observed in radiographs were confirmed, in addition to the presence of the cestodes Semenoviella amphisbaenae in the large intestine. Histologically, it was possible to identify normal characteristics and microscopic lesions in the tissues. This is the first study to incorporate morphological, clinical, and pathological aspects of A. alba. This manuscript brings essential information for wildlife veterinarians and pathologists who may have to treat or perform a necropsy on these unique reptiles.

RESUMO: Anfisbenas são répteis desprovidos de membros que pertencem a ordem Squamata. Devido a seus hábitos fossoriais e reclusos, pouco se conhece sobre sua morfologia, ecologia e condições patológicas que possam afetá-las. Neste artigo, um guia sucinto para a necropsia, identificação de tecidos e órgãos e lesões encontradas em Amphisbaena alba, é apresentado. Durante março e dezembro de 2019, três casos de A. alba com suspeita de trauma foram encaminhados ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Na avaliação clínica foram observadas lesões traumáticas e instituído um suporte terapêutico, porém não resistiram e morreram em seguida. Foram realizadas projeções radiográficas onde identificaram fraturas e ruptura de órgãos, além de identificar estruturas específicas dessa espécie. Uma avaliação completa de estruturas externas e internas foi conduzida para investigar aspectos morfológicos dos anfisbenídeos. Macroscopicamente foram confirmadas múltiplas fraturas e rupturas de órgãos observadas anteriormente nas radiografias, além disso evidenciou no intestino grosso presença de parasitos anoplocéfalos denominados Semenoviella amphisbaenae. Na histologia foi possível identificar características normais e lesões microscópicas nos tecidos. Esse é o primeiro estudo a incorporar aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e patológicos de A. alba. Esse manuscrito traz informações essenciais para clínicos e patologistas de animais selvagens que podem se deparar com casos clínicos ou de necropsia de Amphisbaena alba.

Skin Diseases in Donkeys and Mules-An Update.

The skin of donkeys and mules represents a promising source of income; however, cultural, productive, and infectious factors can directly interfere with the quality of the integumentary tissue and well-being of these species. The objective of this study is to present a literature review on equine dermatopathies. This literature review included scientific articles related to equine medicine and breeding according to pre-established search terms and expressions published in recently articles. The evaluation of the clinical and pathological behavior of dermatopathies implies the use of control strategies and the recognition of pathological patterns that may be particular to the species.

Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB1R) Expression in Limbic Brain Structures After Acute and Chronic Seizures in a Genetic Model of Epilepsy.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is related to several physiological processes, associated to the modulation of brain excitability, with impact in the expression of susceptibility and control of epileptic seizures. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) is widely expressed in the brain, especially in forebrain limbic structures. Changes in CB1R expression are associated with epileptic seizures in animal models and humans. The Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain is a genetic model of epilepsy capable of mimicking tonic-clonic and limbic seizures in response to intense sound stimulation. The WAR strain presents several behavioral and physiological alterations associated with seizure susceptibility, but the ECS has never been explored in this strain. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize CB1R expression in forebrain limbic structures important to limbic seizure expression in WARs. We used a detailed anatomical analysis to assess the effects of acute and chronic audiogenic seizures on CB1R expression in several layers and regions of hippocampus and amygdala. WARs showed increased CB1R immunostaining in the inner molecular layer of the hippocampus, when compared to control Wistar rats. Acute and chronic audiogenic seizures increased CB1R immunostaining in several regions of the dorsal hippocampus and amygdala of WARs. Also, changes in CB1R expression in the amygdala, but not in the hippocampus, were associated with limbic recruitment and limbic seizure severity in WARs. Our results suggest that endogenous alterations in CB1R immunostaining in WARs could be associated with genetic susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. We also demonstrated CB1R neuroplastic changes associated with acute and chronic seizures in the amygdala and hippocampus. Moreover, the present study brings important information regarding CB1R and seizure susceptibility in a genetic model of seizures and supports the relationship between ECS and epilepsy.

Protective Effects of Cannabidiol against Seizures and Neuronal Death in a Rat Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The present study reports the behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuropathological effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotropic constituent of Cannabis sativa, in the intrahippocampal pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) rat model. CBD was administered before pilocarpine-induced SE (group SE+CBDp) or before and after SE (group SE+CBDt), and compared to rats submitted only to SE (SE group), CBD, or vehicle (VH group). Groups were evaluated during SE (behavioral and electrophysiological analysis), as well as at days one and three post-SE (exploratory activity, electrophysiological analysis, neuron density, and neuron degeneration). Compared to SE group, SE+CBD groups (SE+CBDp and SE+CBDt) had increased SE latency, diminished SE severity, increased contralateral afterdischarge latency and decreased relative powers in delta (0.5-4 Hz) and theta (4-10 Hz) bands. Only SE+CBDp had increased vertical exploratory activity 1-day post SE and decreased contralateral relative power in delta 3 days after SE, when compared to SE group. SE+CBD groups also showed decreased neurodegeneration in the hilus and CA3, and higher neuron density in granule cell layer, hilus, CA3, and CA1, when compared to SE group. Our findings demonstrate anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of CBD preventive treatment in the intrahippocampal pilocarpine epilepsy model, either as single or multiple administrations, reinforcing the potential role of CBD in the treatment of epileptic disorders.

Resin luting materials: Tissue response in dog's teeth.

The aim of this study was to evaluate radiographically and histologically the pulpal and periapical response to self-adhesive (Rely X™ Unicem) and self-etching and self-curing (Multilink(®)) resin-based luting materials in deep cavities in dogs' teeth. Deep class V cavities (0.5-mm-thick dentin) were prepared in 60 canine premolars and the following materials were applied on cavity floor: Groups I/V-RelyX™ Unicem; Groups II/VI-Multilink(®); Groups III/VII-zinc phosphate cement (control) and; Groups IV/VIII-gutta-percha (control). Cavities were restored with silver amalgam. Animals were euthanized after 10 days (groups I-IV) and 90 days (groups V-VIII). Tooth/bone blocks were radiographed and processed for histopathological evaluation of pulp and periapical tissue response to the materials. All materials presented similar histopathological features and radiographic findings at both periods. The pulp tissue was intact. The apical and periapical regions and periodontal ligament thickness were normal. No inflammatory cells, resorption of mineralized tissue (dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone) or bacteria were observed. The lamina dura was intact and no areas of periapical bone rarefaction or internal/external root resorption were observed radiographically. It can be concluded that Rely X™ Unicem and Multilink(®) caused no adverse tissue reactions and may be indicated for cementation of indirect restorations in deep dentin cavities without pulp exposure.

Filtek™ Silorane and Filtek™ Supreme XT resins: tissue reaction after subcutaneous implantation in isogenic mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue compatibility of a silorane-based resin system (Filtek™ Silorane) and a methacrylate-based nanoparticle resin (Filtek™ Supreme XT) after implantation in the subcutaneous connective tissue of isogenic mice. One hundred and thirty five male isogenic BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 12 experimental and 3 control groups, according to the implanted material and the experimental period of 7, 21 and 63 days. At the end of each period, the animals were killed and the tubes with the surrounding tissues were removed and processed for microscopic analysis. Samples were subjected to a descriptive and a semi-quantitative analyses using a 4-point scoring system (0-3) to evaluate the collagen fiber formation and inflammatory infiltrate. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test (α=0.05). The results showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups considering the three evaluation periods (p>0.05). The silorane-based and the methacrylate-based nanoparticle resins presented similar tissue response to that of the empty tube (control group) after subcutaneous implantation in isogenic mice.

FiltekTM Silorane and FiltekTM Supreme XT resins: tissue reaction after subcutaneous implantation in isogenic mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue compatibility of a silorane-based resin system (FiltekTM Silorane) and a methacrylate-based nanoparticle resin (FiltekTM Supreme XT) after implantation in the subcutaneous connective tissue of isogenic mice. One hundred and thirty five male isogenic BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 12 experimental and 3 control groups, according to the implanted material and the experimental period of 7, 21 and 63 days. At the end of each period, the animals were killed and the tubes with the surrounding tissues were removed and processed for microscopic analysis. Samples were subjected to a descriptive and a semi-quantitative analyses using a 4-point scoring system (0-3) to evaluate the collagen fiber formation and inflammatory infiltrate. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test (?=0.05). The results showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups considering the three evaluation periods (p>0.05). The silorane-based and the methacrylate-based nanoparticle resins presented similar tissue response to that of the empty tube (control group) after subcutaneous implantation in isogenic mice.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a compatibilidade tecidual de um sistema resinoso à base de silorane (FiltekTM Silorane) e de uma resina nanoparticulada à base de metacrilato (FiltekTM Supreme XT), após implantação no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo de camundongos isogênicos. Um total de 135 camundongos isogênicos BALB/c machos foram randomicamente divididos em 12 grupos experimentais e em 3 grupos controles, de acordo com o material implantado e com o período experimental (7, 21 e 63 dias). Ao final de cada período, os animais foram mortos, sendo os tubos removidos com o tecido circundante e processados para análise microscópica. As lâminas foram submetidas a análise descritiva e análise semi-quantitativa empregando um sistema de escores de 4 pontos (0-3), a fim de avaliar a formação de fibras colágenas e o infiltrado inflamatório. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do teste de Kruskal Wallis (?=0,05). Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos experimentais e controles, considerando os três períodos de avaliação (p>0,05). As resinas à base de silorane e à base de metacrilato apresentaram resposta tecidual semelhante à do tubo vazio (controle), após implantação no tecido conjuntivo de camundongos isogênicos.

Aggressive periodontitis associated with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: report of a 14-year follow-up.

This case report describes the periodontal management, therapeutic approach, and 14-year follow-up of a patient diagnosed with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS). A female child, diagnosed with PLS-associated periodontitis at the age of 9 years and 11 months, presented with hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, as well as generalized aggressive periodontitis. The dental treatment comprised standard periodontal debridement, scaling and root planing, instructions on oral hygiene, restorations, extraction of hopelessly affected teeth and a therapeutic use of antibiotics. The concomitant supportive periodontal therapy and antibiotic coverage could not stop the loss of periodontal attachment and destruction of the alveolar bone. Four years after treatment was initiated, the last remaining teeth were extracted and complete dentures were constructed. The dentures have been periodically replaced and the patient continues to return for follow-up once a year. The combination of intensive periodontal treatment and antibiotic regimen only temporarily delayed periodontal disease progression and did not prevent loss of both primary and permanent teeth. The outcome of this long-term follow-up case report shows that management of PLS-associated periodontitis is further complicated when the patient is first seen in the mixed dentition stage or later. In these situations, the chances of controlling the progression of periodontal breakdown and minimizing tooth loss are greatly reduced.

Orofacial findings and dental treatment in an 8-year-old patient with trisomy 18: a case report.

Trisomy 18 is characterized by: psychomotor disabilities, dysmorphic features, organ malformations, including mental retardation, growth deficiency, poor motor ability, micrognathia, microcephaly, congenital heart defects, and kidney abnormalities. The oral findings typically observed in these patients are: cleft lip and a high, narrow, and sometimes cleft palate. The degree of severity of the malformations is directly related to life expectancy. Only 5% to 10% of affected infants survive beyond the first year of life. Although trisomy 18 has been widely investigated from a medical standpoint, there is a lack of reports addressing the oral manifestations and dental treatment approach in affected children, presumably due to their shortened life expectancy. The purpose of this article was to present the case of an 8-year-old child diagnosed with trisomy 18 and address the clinical features observed--emphasizing the disease-specific oral, craniofacial, and dental findings. Dental care management of the patient is described.

Dental care management of a young patient with extensive lymphangioma of the tongue: a case report.

Lymphangiomas are benign tumors resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Relatively uncommon, lymphangiomas are usually diagnosed at birth and develop within the first years of life. When these tumors occur in the oral cavity, the tongue is the most frequently affected site. Lymphangioma of the tongue is a common cause of macroglossia in children, which may lead to a dry/cracked tongue with ulcerating secondary infections, difficulty in swallowing and mastication, speech disturbances, exclusive nasal breathing, airway obstruction, mandibular prognathism and other possible deformities of maxillofacial structures. This paper discusses the most relevant features, clinical manifestations, disease-related impairments and treatment options for lymphangioma of the tongue. It presents the case report of a five-year-old child diagnosed with this lesion, including a description of the patient's dental care management.

Malformação do tipo "odontoma like" em incisivo central superior decorrente de traumatismo na dentição decídua / Odontoma-like malformation in a permanent maxillary central incisor due to trauma to the primary dentition

No presente trabalho foi descrito o caso de um paciente do sexo feminino, 11 anos de idade, que apresentou, clinicamente, incisivo lateral superior direito hipoplásico, irrompido na posição do incisivo central. Durante a anamnese, a mãe relatou a ocorrência de traumatismo aos 2 anos de idade que levou à avulsão dos incisivos superiores decíduos. Radiograficamente, verificou-se a presença de malformação do tipo "odontoma like" no dente 21. Foi efetuada, então, a cirurgia para a remoção do "odontoma like" e posterior transformação do incisivo lateral hipoplásico em incisivo central por meio da utilização de resina composta. Com base na literatura específica e no caso relatado, pôde-se concluir que, após a avulsão traumática de dentes decíduos, a criança deverá ser submetida a controle clínico e radiográfico periódico, a fim de monitorar possíveis seqüelas ocasionadas nos dentes permanentes sucessores e tornar possível o diagnóstico precoce e a instituição do tratamento na época mais adequada. Para o tratamento das anomalias do tipo "odontoma like" há a necessidade de uma interação multidisciplinar envolvendo a odontopediatria, a cirurgia, a ortodontia e a dentística, entre outras especialidades

Odontoma-like malformation in a permanent maxillary central incisor subsequent to trauma to the incisor predecessor.

This report describes a case of a patient (1 year and 8 months old) with traumatic avulsion of the maxillary right primary central incisor and morphological changes in the germ of the permanent successor. One year after the trauma, an odontoma-like malformation developed. This malformation was removed 6 years after trauma and orthodontic treatment was started. Clinical follow-up and periodic radiographs are necessary after traumatic avulsion of primary teeth to monitor possible sequelae in the permanent successor. An odontoma-like malformation requires a multidisciplinary approach.