Nutritional, Productive, and Qualitative Characteristics of European Quails Fed with Diets Containing Lipid Sources of Plant and Animal Origin.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of alternative lipid sources on nutrient metabolism, performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in European quails. Trial 1 determined the energy values and nutrient metabolizability of non-conventional lipid sources. Six treatments (control, soybean oil, conventional corn oil, distilled corn oil, poultry fat, and beef tallow) were randomly assigned with 10 replicates per treatment. Trial 2 evaluated animal performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality using a randomized design with five treatments and 10 replicates each. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) and coefficients of metabolizability (CM%) among the lipid sources. The AMEn values found were 8554 for soybean oil, 7701 for corn, 7937 for distilled corn oil, 7906 for poultry fat, and 7776 for beef tallow (kcal/kg). The CM values were 88.01% for soybean oil, 79.01% for corn oil, 84.10% for distilled corn oil, 81.43% for poultry fat, and 79.28% for beef tallow. The inclusion of lipid sources of plant and animal origin in the diet of 7-35-day old meat quails did not influence performance or carcass and cut characteristics. The inclusion of distilled corn oil increased carcass yield and influenced skin and meat color parameters. AMEn values varied for each lipid source. The inclusion of distilled corn oil positively influenced skin and meat color as well as carcass yield in quails.

Tendência temporal e distribuição espacial da dengue no brasil / Time trend and spatial distribution of dengue in brazil / Tendencia temporal y distribución espacial del dengue en brasil

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar a tendência e a distribuição espacial dos casos confirmados de dengue no Brasil, no período de 2009 a 2019. Método: trata-se de um estudo ecológico, longitudinal, de série histórica, dos casos de dengue disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Os dados foram analisados por meio da tendência e da distribuição espacial. Resultados: o estudo denotou tendência estacionária do coeficiente de incidência (R= 0,091; p > 0,05). Dentre as regiões brasileiras, a região Centro-Oeste foi a que se destacou, apresentando 42,04% de incidência dos casos. Em relação aos Estados brasileiros o Acre foi o que obteve maior incidência, revelando 45,06%. E sobre a forma grave da dengue, destacou-se a região Sudeste com 38,35% dos casos. Conclusão: a partir das análises epidemiológicas, conclui-se que a dengue, no Brasil, continua como relevante problema de saúde pública, tendo em vista seu elevado número de casos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the time trend and spatial distribution of the confirmed dengue cases in Brazil between 2009 and 2019. Method: this is an ecological and longitudinal study of a historical series of the dengue cases available in the Information System of Notifiable Health Problems. The data were analyzed by means of time trend and spatial distributions. Results: the study denoted a stationary trend of the incidence coefficient (R=0.091; p>0.05). The Midwest region stood out among the Brazilian regions, with 42.04% incidence. In relation to the Brazilian states, Acre was the one with the highest incidence: 45.06%. Finally, regarding the severe form of dengue, the Southeast region stood out with 38.35% of the cases. Conclusion: based on the epidemiological analyses, it was concluded that, in Brazil, dengue is still a relevant public health problem, given the high number of cases.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar la tendencia temporal y la distribución espacial de los casos confirmados de dengue en Brasil entre 2009 y 2019. Método: estudio ecológico y longitudinal de serie histórica de los casos de dengue disponibles en el Sistema Información de Enfermedades Notificables. Los datos se analizaron por medio de tendencia temporal y distribución espacial. Resultados: el estudio denotó una tendencia estacionaria del coeficiente de incidencia (R=0,091; p>0,05). La región Centro-Oeste de Brasil se destacó con el 42,04% de incidencia de casos. En relación con los estados del país, Acre fue el que obtuvo mayor incidencia: 45,06%. Finalmente, en cuanto a la forma grave de dengue, la región Sudeste se destacó con el 38,35% de los casos. Conclusión: a partir de los análisis epidemiológicos se concluyó que, en Brasil, el dengue sigue siendo un problema de salud pública relevante, considerando la elevada cantidad de casos.

Metabolizable energy levels in diets with a fixed nutrient: calorie ratio for free-range broilers / Níveis de energia metabolizável com manutenção da relação nutriente: caloria em dietas para frangos de corte tipo caipira

The present study proposes to examine the effect of dietary levels of metabolizable energy, under a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, on the production performance; body fat and protein deposition; and carcass characteristics of free-range broilers from 1 to 84 days of age. Nine hundred unsexed chicks were allocated to six treatments in a completely randomized design with six replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of diets with varying levels of metabolizable energy (2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 Kcal ME/kg of diet) and a fixed proportion of nutrients relative to the energy level according to the nutritional requirements for each rearing phase. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, production viability, metabolizable energy intake, protein intake, lysine intake, body fat deposition, body protein deposition and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and, later, to regression analysis. Increasing levels of metabolizable energy, coupled with a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, reduced feed intake, increased body weight and weight gain, improved feed conversion and did not affect carcass characteristics. In conclusion, adjusting the nutrient supply according to the dietary energy level improves production performance by improving feed conversion, ensuring adequate nutrient intake and preserving fat and protein deposition in the carcass when the metabolizable energy level is raised up to 3200 Kcal/kg in all rearing stages.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os níveis de energia metabolizável, sob uma relação nutriente:caloria fixa, no desempenho produtivo; deposição de gordura e proteína corporal e características de carcaça de frangos de corte tipo caipiras. Foram utilizados novecentos pintainhos não sexados, distribuidos em seis tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições de 25 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas com diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 e 3200 Kcal EM / kg de dieta) e uma proporção fixa de nutrientes em relação ao nível de energia de acordo com as necessidades nutricionais de cada fase de criação. Foram avaliados o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, viabilidade criatória, consumo de energia metabolizável, consumo de proteína, consumo de lisina, deposição de gordura corporal, deposição de proteína corporal e características de carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e posteriormente à análise de regressão. O aumento dos níveis de energia metabolizável juntamente com a manutenção da relação nutriente:caloria reduziu o consumo de ração, aumentou o peso corporal e o ganho de peso, melhorou a conversão alimentar e não afetou as características da carcaça. Em conclusão, o ajuste da oferta de nutrientes de acordo com o nível de energia da dieta melhora o desempenho da produção, melhorando a conversão alimentar, garantindo a ingestão adequada de nutrientes e preservando a deposição de gordura e proteína na carcaça quando o nível de energia metabolizável é elevado até 3200 Kcal/kg em todas as fases de criação.(AU)

The role of prelimbic and anterior cingulate cortices in fear memory reconsolidation and persistence depends on the memory age.

Reconsolidation is a time-limited process under which reactivated memory content can be modified. Works focused on studying reconsolidation mainly restrict intervention to the moments immediately after reactivation and to recently acquired memories. However, the brain areas activated during memory retrieval depend on when it was acquired, and it is relatively unknown how different brain sites contribute to reconsolidation and persistence of reactivated recent and remote fear memories. Here, we sought to investigate the participation of prelimbic (PL) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) in recent (1 d old) and remote (21 d old) fear memory reconsolidation and persistence. Male Wistar rats were submitted to the contextual fear conditioning protocol. Tamoxifen (TMX), an estrogen receptor modulator known to inhibit protein kinase C activity was used to interfere with these processes. When infused into the PL cortex, but not into the ACC, TMX administration immediately or 6 h after recent fear memory reactivation impaired memory reconsolidation and persistence, respectively. TMX administered immediately after remote memory reactivation impaired memory reconsolidation when infused into the PL cortex and ACC. However, remote memory persistence was only affected when TMX was infused 6 h after memory reactivation into the ACC and no effect was observed when TMX was infused 6 h after memory reactivation into PL cortex. Together, the findings provide further evidence on the participation of PL cortex and ACC in reconsolidation of recent and remote fear memories and suggest that the persistence of a reactivated fear memory becomes independent on the PL cortex with memory age and dependent on the ACC.

Role of prelimbic cortex PKC and PKMζ in fear memory reconsolidation and persistence following reactivation.

The persistence of newly acquired memories is supported by the activity of PKMζ, an atypical isoform of protein kinase C (PKC). Whether the activity of conventional and atypical PKC isoforms contributes to reactivated memories to persist is still unknown. Similarly, whether memory reactivation is a prerequisite for interventions to be able to change memory persistence is scarcely investigated. Based on the above, we examined the role of conventional and atypical PKC isoforms in the prelimbic cortex in reconsolidation and persistence of a reactivated contextual fear memory in male Wistar rats. It is shown that (i) inhibiting the PKC activity with chelerythrine or the PKMζ activity with ZIP impaired the persistence of a reactivated memory for at least 21 days; (ii) ZIP given immediately after memory reactivation affected neither the reconsolidation nor the persistence process. In contrast, when given 1 h later, it impaired the memory persistence; (iii) chelerythrine given immediately after memory reactivation impaired the reconsolidation; (iv) omitting memory reactivation prevented the chelerythrine- and ZIP-induced effects: (v) the ZIP action is independent of the time elapsed between its administration and the initial memory test. The results indicate that prelimbic cortex PKC and PKMζ are involved in memory reconsolidation and persistence.

Graded levels of phytase on performance, bone mineralization and carcass traits of broiler fed reduced dicalcium phosphate.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess increasing doses of phytase added to broiler diets formulated with different levels of available phosphorus (avP), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na), and the respective effects on performance parameters, quantitative carcass characteristics, ash and phosphorus deposition in tibia and weight of organs. METHODS: Three different matrices were assumed for phytase with the following nutritional values: matrix A (MT A): 0.165% Ca, 0.150% avP, and 0.035% Na; matrix B (MT B): 0.215% Ca, 0.195% avP, and 0.045% Na; matrix C (MT C): 0.245% Ca, 0.225% avP, and 0.053% Na. There were six different diets: No phytase (formulated to meet the nutritional requirements); phytase 500 FTU/kg+MT A; phytase 1,000 FTU/kg+MT A; phytase 1,500 FTU/kg+MT A; phytase 1,000 FTU/kg+MT B and phytase 1,500 FTU/kg+MT C. RESULTS: There was no significant phytase influence on performance, quantitative carcass characteristics, ash and phosphorus deposition in tibia and weight of the organ throughout the study period, however, it was possible to observe a tendency of improvement in body weight corrected feed conversion for broilers fed the phytase 1,500+MT C diet, where potentially these birds were more efficient on utilize phytic phosphorus and other nutrients bounded to phytate molecule, translating into improvement in performance, and there was also a non significant numerical improvement in body weight corrected feed conversion of broilers fed this diet. CONCLUSION: Broilers fed with diets formulated with different levels of avP, Ca, and Na and increasing doses of phytase have shown no change on performance, quantitative carcass characteristics, ash and phosphorus deposition in tibia and weight of organs.

Desempenho de frangos caipiras Label Rouge alimentados com farelo de amendoim em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja / Performance of free range Label Rouge broilers fed peanut meal in partialsubstitution of soybean meal

Avaliou-se o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte caipiras, da linhagem Label Rouge pescoço pelado alimentados com diferentes níveis de farelo de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja. Um total de 128 frangos foram distribuídos entre 16 boxes, sendo alojados 8 frangos por boxe, cada boxe foi considerado como uma parcela experimental, e quatro níveis de substituição de farelo de soja por farelo de amendoim foram testados: 0; 12,5; 25 e 50 %. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos e 8 repetições. Os frangos alimentados com farelo de amendoim apresentaram ganho de peso mais elevado e melhor conversão alimentar em todos os níveis de substituição analisados. A substituição de 50% de farelo de soja por farelo de amendoim apresentou o maior consumo de ração. Nas três fases de criação analisadas a variável ganho de peso foi mais elevada nas dietas 25 e 50 % de substituição de farelo de soja por farelo de amendoim. Os frangos alimentados com a ração sem inclusão de farelo de amendoim apresentaram os maiores pesos e rendimento de carcaça.

The present study evaluated the performance and carcass yield of naked neck Label Rouge free range broilers fed different levelsof peanut meal in substitution with soybean meal. A total of 128 chickens were distributed among 16 boxes (8 animals/box). Eachbox was considered an experimental parcel and four levels of soybean meal replacement by peanut bran were tested: 0; 12.5;25 and 50%. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 treatments and 8 replicates. Chickens fed peanut mealpresented higher weight gain and better feed conversion in all replacement levels analyzed. Replacing 50% of soybean mealby peanut meal presented the highest feed intake. In all three rearing phases analyzed, weight gain was higher in 25 and 50%soybean meal replacement by peanut meal diets. Chickens fed ration without inclusion of peanut meal presented the greatest weight and carcass yield.

Autopercepção de saúde: um estudo com idosos de baixa renda de São Paulo / Self-rated health: a study in an elderly low income population of São Paulo

A autopercepção de saúde vem ganhando um importante espaço nas pesquisas epidemiológicas devido à sua forte e independente associação com mortalidade. Artigos internacionais apontam vários fatores determinantes da autopercepção de saúde, mas poucosestudos têm sido realizados em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os fatores socioeconômicos e as doenças que estão associadas à autopercepção de saúde. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal com 2.072 idososacima de 65 anos, residentes em bairros da periferia oeste da cidade de São Paulo onde foram obtidos dados sobre características socioeconômicas, doenças crônicas, dificuldadesnas atividades diárias, dor crônica e sintomas psiquiátricos menores, analisados com um modelode regressão logística politômica. Foi encontrada associação da utopercepção de saúde com renda, angina, derrame, tosse crônica, dificuldades nas atividades diárias, dor e sintomasde transtornos mentais comuns. Concluímos que a autopercepção de saúde é uma variável muito consistente, e estudos realizados em países desenvolvidos encontraram resultado semelhantes...

Self-rated Health has been taking an important status in epidemiological research because of its strong and independent association with mortality. International papers indicate many determinants factors of self-rated health, but few studies have been carried out in developing countries as Brazil. This paper aims to study ocioeconomic characteristics andchronic diseases associated with self-rated health. It was performed a cross-sectional study with 2,072 old aged adults over 65 years, living in an economically deprived area in São Paulocity. Socioeconomic characteristics, chronic diseases, difficulty with activities of daily living, chronic pain and common mental disorders symptoms were accessed and analyzed with apolytomic logistic regression model. We found an association of self-rated health and income, angina, stroke, chronic cough, difficulty with activities of daily living, chronic pain and commonmental disorders symptoms. It was concluded that self-rated health is a consistent variable, and studies performed in developed countries have found similar results...