Modulation of Cell Sialoglycophenotype: A Stylish Mechanism Adopted by Trypanosoma cruzi to Ensure Its Persistence in the Infected Host.

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease exhibits multiple mechanisms to guarantee its establishment and persistence in the infected host. It has been well demonstrated that T. cruzi is not able to synthesize sialic acids (Sia). To acquire the monosaccharide, the parasite makes use of a multifunctional enzyme called trans-sialidase (Tc-TS). Since this enzyme has no analogous in the vertebrate host, it has been used as a target in drug therapy development. Tc-TS preferentially catalyzes the transfer of Sia from the host glycoconjugates to the terminal ß-galactopyranosyl residues of mucin-like molecules present on the parasite's cell surface. Alternatively, the enzyme can sialylate/re-sialylate glycoconjugates expressed on the surface of host cells. Since its discovery, several studies have shown that T. cruzi employs the Tc-TS activity to modulate the host cell sialoglycophenotype, thus favoring its perpetuation in the infected vertebrate. In this review, we summarize the dynamic of host/parasite sialoglycophenotype modulation, highlighting its role in the subversion of host immune response in order to promote the establishment of persistent chronic infection.

Identificação de Avibacterium paragallinarum em frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais no Estado de Pernambuco / Avibacterium paragallinarum identification in broiler and commercial laying hens in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

As aves da indústria avícola brasileira são suscetíveis a surtos de doenças infecciosas relacionadas a perdas econômicas, principalmente por enfermidades infecciosas causadas por Mycoplasma, Avibacterium paragallinarum e vírus que acometem o trato respiratório. Objetivou-se neste estudo pesquisar o envolvimento de A. paragallinarum em surto de doença respiratória aviária. Foram coletados 18 swabs da região infraorbitária dos seios nasais de aves, sendo seis amostras de frangos de corte com sinais clínicos e 12 de poedeiras com sinais clínicos. As amostras foram cultivadas em meios específicos para o agente e também testadas com a técnica molecular Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase. Das amostras analisadas no isolamento, 100% foram negativas. Na PCR, duas (16,66%) foram positivas. A detecção de A. paragallinarum na PCR em galinhas poedeiras com sinais clínicos respiratótios indica que esta bactéria está associada à etiologia da síndrome respiratória das aves nas granjas no estado de Pernambuco...

Pullets of the Brazilian poultry industry are susceptible to outbreaks of infectious diseases with economic losses, mainly caused by Mycoplasma, Avibacterium paragallinarum and viruses affecting the respiratory tract. The objective of this study was to verify the involvement of A. paragallinarum in an outbreak of avian respiratory disease. Eighteen swabs from the infra-orbital sinuses were collected, six samples from broilers and twelve from hens with clinical signs. The samples were cultured in specific media for the agent and also tested with the molecular technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All samples cultured in specific media were negative; PCR revealed two samples (16.66%) as positive. The detection of A. paragallinarum by PCR in laying hens with clinical respiratory signs indicates that this bacterium is associated with the etiology of respiratory syndrome in poultry farms in the state of Pernambuco...

Intramuscular hemangioma in lip treated with sclerotherapy and surgery.

Intramuscular hemangioma is a relatively rare, benign tumor of vascular origin, accounting for less than 1% of all hemangiomas. This paper reports a case of a 48-year-old female patient with intramuscular hemangioma in the upper lip, treated with sclerotherapy and subsequent complementary surgery.

Insight, cognitive dysfunction and symptomatology in schizophrenia.

Lack of insight is frequent in schizophrenia and usually influences negatively both patient's treatment and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between insight, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia using the PANSS five-factor model (modified from Gaag et al. in Schizophr Res 85:280-287, 2006). Forty patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia (DSM-IV) were evaluated with the scale to assess unawareness of mental disorder (SUMD), the PANSS and a neuropsychological battery. Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between clinical, neurocognitive and insight measures. The SUMD current and past awareness of symptoms score showed a correlation with WCST indices (correct answers and non-persevering errors). The negative and disorganization factor of the PANSS showed a positive correlation with current and past awareness of symptoms. However, when submitted to a linear regression model only the disorganization factor emerged as significant contributor for insight. Considering that the core items of the "disorganization factor" of the PANSS are related to cognition (e.g., poor attention, difficult in abstract thinking), insight is associated cognitive symptoms although no direct relationship between insight and neuropsychological tests was observed.