Impact of pesticides on human health in the last six years in Brazil

Every year, Brazil intensifies its activity in agriculture and, as a result, it has become one of the biggest consumers of pesticides in the world. The high rate of these substances raises environmental and human health concerns. Therefore, we collected papers from PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science databases, from 2015 to 2021. After a blind selection using the software Rayyan QCRI by two authors, 51 studies were included. Researchers from the South and the Southeast Brazilian regions contributed to most publications, from areas that concentrate agricultural commodity complexes. Among the pesticides described in the studies, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides were the most frequent. The articles reported multiple toxic effects, particularly in rural workers. The results obtained can be used to direct policies to reduce the use of pesticides, and to protect the health of the population.

Knockdown of miR-26a in zebrafish leads to impairment of the anti-inflammatory function of TnP in the control of neutrophilia

Our recent data show the valuable potential of TnP for the development of a new and safe anti-inflammatory drug due to its ability to control the traffic and activation of leukocytes in response to inflammation. Although there is considerable knowledge surrounding the cellular mechanisms of TnP, less is known about the mechanistic molecular role of TnP underlying its immunomodulatory functions. Here, we conducted investigations to identify whether miRNAs could be one of the molecular bases of the therapeutic effect of TnP. Using a zebrafish model of neutrophilic inflammation with a combination of genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we showed that TnP treatment was followed by up-regulation of only four known miRNAs, and mature dre-miR-26a-1, herein referred just as miR-26a was the first most highly expressed. The knockdown of miR-26a ubiquitously resulted in a significant reduction of miR-26a in embryos, accompanied by impaired TnP immunomodulatory function observed by the loss of the control of the removal of neutrophils in response to inflammation, while the overexpression increased the inhibition of neutrophilic inflammation promoted by TnP. The striking importance of miR-26a was confirmed when rescue strategies were used (morpholino and mimic combination). Our results identified miR-26a as an essential molecular regulator of the therapeutic action of TnP, and suggest that miR-26a or its targets could be used as promising therapeutic candidates for enhancing the resolution of inflammation.

Early preclinical screening using zebrafish (Danio rerio) reveals the safety of the candidate anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent TnP

The patented anti-inflammatory peptide TnP had its effectiveness recently confirmed in vivo in a murine model of multiple sclerosis and asthma. In this work, the safety of the TnP was evaluated in investigative toxicology tests using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model. We conducted the OECD #236 test to investigate effects of the TnP on the survival, hatching performance, and morphological formation of zebrafish embryos. After determining these endpoints, morphometric analysis termination of locomotion eartbeat rate in zebrafish larvae were evaluated to identify adverse effects such as neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The results highlight a wide therapeutic index for TnP with non-lethal and safe doses rom 1 nM to 10 μM, without causing neurotoxicity or cardiotoxic effect. The low frequencyf abnormalities by TnP was associated with high safety of the molecule and the developing embryo's ability to process and eliminate it. TnP crossed the blood-brain barrier without disturbing the normal architecture of forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Our data reinforce the importance of zebrafish as an accurate investigative toxicology model to assess acute toxicity as well as cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of molecules in the preclinical phase of development.

Enfermagem e a sensibilização de famílias na doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante: revisão integrativa / Nursing and family awareness in the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation: integrative review / Enfermería y la sensibilización de las familias sobre donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplante: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas que abordam as ações de enfermagem para a sensibilização defamílias na doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplante. Método: revisão integrativa, com intuito deresponder à questão norteadora > Foi realizadaa busca das informações de forma atemporal, nas bases LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF e biblioteca SciELO,utilizando os descritores família, transplante e enfermagem. Para a análise dos artigos foi utilizada acategorização temática das 11 produções científicas. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: >; >. Conclusão: foi observado que o enfermeiroatua, de maneira efetiva, no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos, seja na manutenção dos órgãos em boascondições ou na abordagem à família, promovendo um esclarecimento efetivo sobre este processo.(AU)

Objective: to identify the scientific evidences that approach nursing actions to sensitize families in the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation. Method: integrative review, in order to answer the guiding question << What scientific evidence about nursing actions are performed to raise awareness of families in the process of donating organs and tissues for transplantation? >> The information search was carried out in a timeless manner, in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF and SciELO library, using the descriptors: family, transplant and nursing. For the analysis of the articles the thematic categorization of the 11 scientific productions was used. Results: two categories emerged: << Effective enlightenment on the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation >>; << Care for the potential donor and the relationship between the family and the nursing team >>. Conclusion: it was observed that the nurse acts effectively in the process of donating organs and tissues, either in the maintenance of the organs in good conditions or in the approach to the family, promoting an effective clarification on this process.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar las evidencias científicas que abordan las acciones de enfermería para la sensibilización de las familias sobre la donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplante. Método: revisión integrativa, con el fin de responder a la cuestión guía << Cuales las evidencias científicas sobre acciones de enfermería se llevan a cabo para la toma de conciencia de las familias en el proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplante? >> Fue llevado a cabo la búsqueda de información sobre atemporal, LILACS, MEDLINE, usando BDENF y biblioteca SciELO, utilizando los descriptores de la familia y enfermería del trasplante. Para el análisis de los artículos fue usada la categorización temática de las 11 producciones científicas. Resultados: dos categorías surgieron: << La clarificación efectiva acerca de la donación de órganos y tejidos para trasplante << La atención al potencial donador y la relación entre família y equipo de enfermería>>;. Conclusión: se observó que el enfermero actúa, efectivamente, en el proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos, tanto en el mantenimiento de los órganos en buen estado como en el enfoque familiar, promoviendo la eficaz aclaración sobre este proceso.(AU)

Avaliação de famílias com um membro portador de transtorno mental: revisão sistemática de literatura / Evaluation of families with a member with mental illness: a systematic review of literature / Evaluación de familias con un miembro portador de trastorno mental: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Objetivo: analisar pesquisas, disponíveis eletronicamente, que abordem a avaliação de famílias com um membro com doença mental, no período de 2000 a 2010. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados: LILACS, BDENF e ScieLO. Como critérios de inclusão foram considerados estudos que abordassem avaliação de famílias,divulgados em língua portuguesa, no período de 2000 a 2010, que tivessem como sujeitos profissionais da saúde e familiares de clientes com transtorno mental. Resultados: a pesquisa realizada com a palavra Calgary e com os descritores Relações familiares e Doentes mentais selecionou nove artigos. Desses estudos, a maior parte foram pesquisas qualitativas, que relataram a importância da reinserção social do sujeito com transtorno mental. Os artigos analisados culminaram em quatro categorias temáticas, que abordaram a Reforma Psiquiátrica, a convivência com um doente mental, sobrecarga familiar e a contribuição dos profissionais de saúde para com a família de doentes mentais.Conclusão: a pesquisa evidencia a necessidade de a enfermagem promover mais estudos voltados à avaliação de famílias com membros em sofrimento mental, baseada no Modelo Calgary visto que segundo os materiais analisados demonstra ser um instrumento válido e confiável para o cuidado na família.(AU)

Objective: to analyze surveys, available electronically, addressing the evaluation of families with a member with mental illness in the period 2000 to 2010. Methodology: this is a literature search in databases: LILACS, SciELO and BDENF. Inclusion criteria were considered studies that focused on assessment of families, published in English in the period 2000- 2010, which had the subject of healthcare professionals and family members of clients with mental illness. Results: the survey with the word Calgary and the descriptors Family Relations and Mental Patients selected nine articles. These studies, most were qualitative studies, which reported the importance of social rehabilitation of the person with mental disorder. The articles analyzed culminated in four themes, which addressed the Psychiatric Reform, living with a mental patient, family burden and the contribution of health professionals to the family of the mental patients. Conclusion: this study indicates the need for nursing to promote more studies focused on evaluation of families with members with mental suffering, based on Calgary model - that according to the analyzed material proves to be a valid and reliable instrument for care in the family.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar investigaciones, disponibles electrónicamente, que aborden la evaluación de familias con un miembro con enfermedad mental, en el periodo de 2000 a 2010. Metodología: se trata de una investigación bibliográfica en las bases de datos: LILACS, BDENF y ScieLO. Como criterios de inclusión fueron considerados estudios que abordasen: evaluaciónes de familias, divulgados en lengua portuguesa, en el período de 2000 a 2010, que tuviesen como sujetos profesionales de salud y familiares de clientes con trastorno mental. Resultados: la investigación realizada con la palabra Calgary y con los descriptores Relaciones familiares y Enfermos mentales seleccionó nueve artículos. De estos estudios, la mayor parte fueron investigaciones cualitativas, que relataron la importancia de la reinserción social del sujeto con trastorno mental. Los artículos analizados culminaron en cuatro categorías temáticas, que abordaron la Reforma Psiquiátrica, la convivencia con un enfermo mental, sobrecarga familiar y la contribución de los profesionales de salud con la familia de enfermos mentales. Conclusión: la investigación evidencia la necesidad de que la enfermería promueva más estudios dirigidos a la evaluación de familias con miembros con sufrimiento mental, basada en el Modelo Calgary ya que según los materiales analizados demuestra ser un instrumento válido y confiable para el cuidado en la familia. (AU)