Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of retinal vein occlusion.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To assess the methodological quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO). METHODS: A systematic review of CPGs for the diagnosis and management of RVO was carried out with a search in databases, metasearch engines, CPG development institutions, ophthalmology associations and CPG repositories until April 2022. Search update was performed on April 2023, with no new record available. Five CPGs published in the last 10 years in English/Spanish were selected, and 5 authors evaluated them independently, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE-II) instrument. An individual assessment of each CPG by domain (AGREE-II), an overall assessment of the guide, and its use with or without modifications were performed. Additionally, a meta-synthesis of the recommendations for the most relevant outcomes was carried out. RESULTS: The lowest score (mean 18.8%) was for domain 5 'applicability', and the highest score (mean 62%) was for domain 4 'clarity of presentation'. The 2019 American guideline (PPP) presented the best score (40.4%) in domain 3 'rigour of development'. When evaluating the overall quality of the CPGs analysed, all CPGs could be recommended with modifications. In the meta-synthesis, anti-VEGF therapy is the first-choice therapy for macular oedema associated with RVO, but there is no clear recommendation about the type of anti-VEGF therapy to choose. Recommendations for diagnosis and follow-up are similar among the CPGs appraised. CONCLUSION: Most CPGs for the diagnosis and management of RVO have a low methodological quality assessed according to the AGREE-II. PPP has the higher score in the domain 'rigour of development'. Among the CPGs appraised, there is no clear recommendation on the type of anti-VEGF therapy to choose.

Primary basal cell carcinoma of the caruncle: case report and review of the literature.

We present a rare case of primary caruncle basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a condition with limited occurrences. Our patient, an 80-year-old woman without prior ocular pathological history, presented a 2x2mm pedunculated blackish nodular lesion on the caruncle of her left eye, without local conjunctival or cutaneous involvement. Histological analysis following complete excision confirmed the presence of basal cell carcinoma within the caruncle. Over a span of 30 months, no recurrence has been observed. While scant cases are documented in the literature, we conducted a review of these instances. Despite its infrequent manifestation, this condition should be taken into account when evaluating caruncular tumors, given its tendency to invade the orbit. Complete excision with free surgical margins is the treatment of choice, and adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy might be considered.

Primary basal cell carcinoma of the caruncle: case report and review of the literature

ABSTRACT We present a rare case of primary caruncle basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a condition with limited occurrences. Our patient, an 80-year-old woman without prior ocular pathological history, presented a 2x2mm pedunculated blackish nodular lesion on the caruncle of her left eye, without local conjunctival or cutaneous involvement. Histological analysis following complete excision confirmed the presence of basal cell carcinoma within the caruncle. Over a span of 30 months, no recurrence has been observed. While scant cases are documented in the literature, we conducted a review of these instances. Despite its infrequent manifestation, this condition should be taken into account when evaluating caruncular tumors, given its tendency to invade the orbit. Complete excision with free surgical margins is the treatment of choice, and adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy might be considered.

Tuberculosis miliar y meningitis multidrogorresistente (MDR) en paciente pediátrico: Reporte de un caso / Complicated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR) in a pediatric patient: Case report

Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente pediátrico con cuadro inicial de tuberculosis (TB) ganglionar con abandono de tratamiento en 2 ocasiones que evolucionó a la forma miliar y meningitis tuberculosa multidrogorresistente. Reporte del caso: Varón de 4 años con diagnóstico inicial de tuberculosis ganglionar, que abandonó el esquema sensible de tratamiento en dos ocasiones. Tres meses después, se evidenció compromiso bilateral sugestivo de TB miliar y durante la hospitalización desarrolló tuberculosis meníngea e hidrocefalia. Por el antecedente de abandono de tratamiento, se solicitó un estudio de sensibilidad en aspirado gástrico, identificándose como multidrogorresistente; pasando al esquema EZLfxKmEtoCs y manejo de complicaciones, consiguiendo mejoría. Conclusiones: El abandono de tratamiento es una de las principales causas de resistencia a fármacos antituberculosos y de complicaciones. Es necesario reforzar la detección temprana y tratamiento efectivo de esta infección en niños, poniéndose énfasis el seguimiento de casos para evitar abandonos de tratamiento y las complicaciones consecuentes.

Objetive:To describe a pediatric case with initial diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis (TB) that became multidrug resistant miliar and meningeal tuberculosis (TB-MDR) due to treatment dropout twice. Case report: a 4-year-old boy with initial diagnosis of lymphnode tuberculosis who had two episodes of dropout from the sensitive scheme treatment. Three months later, there was evidence of bilateral involvement suggestive of miliary TB. During hospitalization, he developed meningeal tuberculosis and hydrocephalus. Due to the history of treatment dropout, a sensitivity of gastric aspirate study was requested, identifying it as multidrug-resistant TB. He started the EZLfxKmEtoCs treatment scheme and complications management, achieving improvement. Conclusions: Treatment dropout is one of the main causes of drug resistance in tuberculosis and its complications. It is necessary to reinforce the early detection and effective treatment of this infection in children, focusing on the follow-up of cases to avoid treatment dropout and the consequent complications.

[Social, cognitive and psychomotor development in peruvian children with congenital hypothyroidism]. / Desarrollo social, cognitivo y psicomotor en niños peruanos con hipotiroidismo congénito.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common cause of preventable intellectual disability in the pediatric population. Early diagnosis and treatment during the first month of life are essential to avoid delaying the neuropsychological development of these patients. OBJECTIVE: to describe the social, cognitive, and psychomotor development of children with CH treated at the National Institute of Child Health (INSN) in Lima, Peru. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 26 CH pa tients seen during 2012-2017 at INSN were reviewed. The aspects of neuropsychological development studied were: cognitive development (IQ), social development (social category), and psychomotor development (gait, speech, and chest control). The IQ was classified according to the result of the Weschler IV scale. An analysis was carried out with the Fisher-Freeman-Halton test to verify if there was a difference in the frequency of the variables according to the age of diagnosis and beginning of treatment. RESULTS: Most of the patients presented a borderline IQ (38.5%), the most frequent social category was educable (88.7%), and most of the patients presented delay in developing the speech (88.5%). In the Fisher-Freeman-Halton test, there was only a statistically significant increase in the number of cases of speech delay in patients treated between 22 days and 12 months of age (c2 = 11.246, p = 0.002, V of Cramer = 0.778). CONCLUSION: Neuropsychological developmental delay was more frequent in patients with CH diagnosed and treated after 21 days of age.

Luxación glenohumeral posterior traumática: Reporte de caso / Traumatic posterior glenohumeral dislocation: A case report

Introducción. La luxación glenohumeral posterior (LGHP) es una lesión de diagnóstico poco frecuente que se asocia a traumatismos de alta energía, deporte, convulsiones y electrocuciones. Con frecuencia el diagnóstico es omitido debido a que en la mayoría de veces no se observa deformidad llamativa en la articulación lesionada y las radiografías iniciales son similares a la del hombro ileso. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 30 años que ingresó al servicio de emergencia tras una caída sobre el hombro izquierdo sin deformidad articular observable. Se le realizó un radiografía anteroposterior y transtorácica concluyendo en el diagnóstico de LGHP. La lesión fue tratada mediante reducción incruenta bajo anestesia general. Alos 4 años de seguimiento no presenta secuelas y conserva movilidad articular sin dolor.

Introduction. The posterior glenohumeral dislocation (PGD) is misdiagnosed frequently. This is associated withhigh-energy trauma, sports, seizures and electrocutions. The diagnosis is often omitted because of in most of the cases a striking deformity is not seen in the injured joint. Also, initial x-ray images are very similar to those from an uninjured shoulder. A30-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room after falling onto his left shoulder, no joint deformity was observed. Anteroposterior and transthoracic X-ray showed PGD. Closed reduction was performed under general anesthesia. At 4-year follow-up, the patient has no sequels and preserves joint mobility without pain.

Producción científica de la facultad de medicina de una universidad peruana en SCOPUS y Pubmed / Scientific production of the medical faculty of a Peruvian university in SCOPUS and PubMed

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La producción científica de las instituciones académicas constituye una medida relevante de su calidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la producción científica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed y SCOPUS hasta junio de 2016. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed y SCOPUS, recuperándose los artículos publicados hasta junio de 2016 que consignaron al menos un autor con la filiación «Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo» o alguna institución perteneciente a la misma. Se extrajeron los siguientes datos: tipo de publicación, título, autor principal, coautores, autor para la correspondencia, filiaciones pertenecientes, año de publicación, idioma, revista y base de datos indexada. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 54 publicaciones (43 en SCOPUS, 39 en Pubmed y 28 en ambas). Las publicaciones incluyeron 15 reportes de caso, 10 cartas al editor y 29 artículos originales publicados en 21 revistas, 2 de ellas fueron peruanas. El 16,7% (9/43) de las publicaciones fueron realizadas en el idioma inglés. Se registraron un total de 39 autores con filiación «Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo». CONCLUSIÓN: La producción científica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo en MEDLINE/Pubmed y SCOPUS es baja. Es necesaria la implementación de estrategias que fomenten la producción científica involucrando a estudiantes, docentes, autoridades y egresados, así como la instauración de redes de colaboración que complementen las estrategias implementadas por CONCYTEC

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The study of scientific production from academic institutions is an important indicator of their quality. The aim of this study was to analyse the scientific production of the Faculty of Medicine of the National University of Trujillo using MEDLINE/PubMed and SCOPUS databases up to June 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature review was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed and SCOPUS databases. An analysis was made of all articles published up to June 2016, with at least one author affiliated to Faculty of Medicine of the National University of Trujillo or its associated institutions. The following data were collected: type of publication, title, main author, co-authors, corresponding author, area of medicine, publication year, language, journal, and database. RESULTS: A total of 54 articles were indexed (43 in SCOPUS, 39 in PubMed, and 28 in both). Publication types included 15 case reports, 10 letters to the editor and 29 original articles. The articles were published in 21 journals, including 2 Peruvian journals, and 16.7% (9/43) of them were written in English. The Faculty of Medicine of the National University of Trujillo affiliation was used by 39 authors. CONCLUSION: The scientific production of the Faculty of Medicine of the National University of Trujillo indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed and SCOPUS is low. There is a need to establishment collaborative networks and strategies to promote scientific production involving students, teachers, authorities and graduates, and which complement the strategies implemented by CONCYTEC

[Gastroprotective effect of honey in Holtzman rats with piroxicam-induced gastric ulcer]. / Efecto gastroprotector de la miel de abeja en ratas Holtzman con úlceras gástricas inducidas por piroxicam.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of treatment with honey in piroxicam-induced gastric ulcer in Holtzman rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 48 eight-week old female Holtzman rats, weights between 100 and 200 grams, were divided into 6 treatment groups as follow: Group A: water; Group B: piroxicam (30 mg/kg); Group C: omeprazole (5 mg/kg) and piroxicam (30 mg/kg); Group D: honey (2.5 g/kg) and piroxicam (30 mg/kg); Group E: honey (5 g/kg) and piroxicam (30 mg/kg); Group F: honey (7.5 g/kg) and piroxicam (30 mg/kg). Macroscopic studies, using Scion Image, and microscopic histological section of gastric mucosa were performed after the interventions. RESULTS: The results of the macroscopic studies showed statistically significant differences for both doses of honey at 6 g/kg and 7.5 g/kg when compared to piroxicam (p=0.016 and p=0.001 respectively) and the gastroprotective effect was similar when compared to omeprazole (p>0.05). Microscopic studies showed statistically significant differences only for dose at 7.5 g/kg when compared to piroxicam (p=0.0018) and the gastroprotective effect was similar to omeprazole (p=1). CONCLUSION: Dose of honey at 7.5 g/kg showed gastroprotective effect at microscopic and macroscopic studies when compared to omeprazole.

Preeclampsia y defecto cardiaco fetal: ¿existe una asociación? revisión de la evidencia / Preeclampsia and fetal heart defect: is there an association? evidence review

Introducción: La preeclampsia (PE) es un desorden multisistémico complejo causado por una angiogénesis anormal placentaria. La cardiopatía congénita (CC) es uno de los defectos estructurales más comunes en neonatos. Recientemente, diversos estudios han identificado un desequilibrio en los niveles de factores proangiogénicos y antiangiogénicos en sangre umbilical de neonatos con CC similares a los hallados en sangre de mujeres con PE, lo que sugiere una posible asociación. Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia científica disponible sobre la relación entre la PE y el desarrollo de CC en neonatos. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus y Medline/Pubmed utilizando los términos "pre-eclampsia" y "congenital heart defects", se seleccionaron 4 artículos que relacionaban las variables PE y CC, los cuales fueron revisados a texto completo. Únicamente se encontraron trabajos de tipo observacional analítico (1 estudio de prevalencia, 1 estudio de casos y controles y 2 estudios de cohortes), publicados entre el 2014 y 2016. Resultados: La PE de inicio temprano (<34 semanas) fue el factor de riesgo más importante asociado al desarrollo de CC en neonatos. La severidad de un defecto cardiaco se asocia con la intensidad y el momento de inicio de los desequilibrios en los factores angiogénicos. Conclusión: Encontramos evidencia relevante de la asociación entre PE y CC. La condición hipertensiva y los cambios endoteliales condicionados por ésta, estarían relacionados con el aumento de riesgo para el desarrollo de la CC antes que la exposición a medicamentos antihipertensivos.

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex multisystem disorder caused by an abnormal placental angiogenesis. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common structural defects in newborn infants. Recently, several studies have identified an imbalance in the levels of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in umbilical blood of newborn infants with CHD similar to those found in the blood of women with PE, suggesting a possible association. Objective: To review the available scientific evidence about the relationship between the PE and the development of CHD in newborn infants. Method: A search was conducted in Scopus and Medline/PubMed databases using the terms "pre-eclampsia" and "congenital heart defects". Four articles that linked PE and CHD were selected and reviewed in full text. Only analytical observational studies were found (1 prevalence study, 1 case-control study and 2 cohort studies), published between 2014 and 2016. Results: Early onset PE (<34 weeks) was the most important risk factor for the development of CHD in newborn infants. The severity of a heart defect is associated with the intensity and the onset time of imbalances in the angiogenic factors. Conclusion: We found relevant evidence on the possible association between PE and CHD. Hypertensive condition and endothelial changes conditioned by this seem to be linked to increased risk for the development of CHD instead of exposure to antihypertensive drugs.