A systematic review of the perspectives of botulinum toxin use on the quality of life of neurological patients with drooling.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the salivary glands of patients with neurological impairment and drooling and its impact on the quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42,023,435,242) and conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. An electronic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and clinical trial databases until August 2023, no language restriction. Cohort studies and randomized clinical trials of patients diagnosed with drooling and neurological impairment who used botulinum toxin on the salivary gland were included, which evaluated subjective quality of life parameters. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and Risk of Bias 2 tools. The certainty of the evidence was analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. RESULTS: Eight studies involving 317 patients were included. All studies, through subjective parameters, suggested the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in reducing drooling, resulting in an improvement in the quality of life. Three studies demonstrated improvements in swallowing and four in cases of respiratory diseases. Two clinical trials had a high risk of bias, whereas one had low risk. The five cohort studies that were evaluated had a high risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence was considered low. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the patient/caregivers' perception of improvement in drooling, dysphagia, and respiratory symptoms, it can be inferred that botulinum toxin application reduces subjective drooling in neurologically compromised patients. Its impact contributes to the general well-being and quality of life. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injection of botulinum toxin into the salivary glands can be considered an alternative technique to surgical or medicinal approaches in reducing drooling. It is effective, less invasive and without significant side effects. It promotes a positive impact on the well-being and quality of life of neurological patients.

Bone age and dental late effects in childhood cancer survivors: Radiographic findings in a Brazilian sample.

BACKGROUND: Changes in bone age and tooth development are late side effects of cancer therapy and can be identified by imaging examination. AIM: To evaluate the late effects of antineoplastic treatment on bone age and dental development in childhood cancer survivors. DESIGN: This is a retrospective case-control study on paediatric cancer survivors of both sexes who underwent antineoplastic treatment with 5-15 years of survival. Carpal radiographs were assessed for bone age and growth curve, and panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate dental development and alterations. Carpal radiographs were analyzed using the Greulich and Pyle inspection method, and the Martins and Sakima method was used to analyze the growth curve. All tests were applied with a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: The study and control groups comprised 28 and 56 patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in bone age and growth curve between the study and control groups. Nonetheless, when sex was compared to chronological and bone ages, there was a significant difference in bone age (p = 0.019) and an underestimation in both groups and sexes in the Greulich and Pyle method. As to late dental effects, dental agenesia, microdontia, gyroversion, and unerupted teeth were found. Dental shape alterations mainly involve the root region. CONCLUSION: Close multidisciplinary collaboration is necessary during the follow-up period of young patients who have survived cancer.

Consentimento e esclarecimento: dever e direito à informação em odontologia / Consent and clarification: duty and right to information in dentistry / Consentimiento y aclaración: deber y derecho a la información en odontología

Resumo Estudos acerca do consentimento informado de paciente no âmbito da odontologia são escassos e apresentam divergências, evidenciando a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre definições, dinâmica, atos normativos, jurisprudência e limites de responsabilidade diante de fatores diversos e riscos inerentes à profissão. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica que incluiu estudos indexados nas bases de dados SciELO e LILACS, bem como livros-texto, buscou-se definir o que se entende por consentimento livre e esclarecido do paciente, distinguir diferentes tipos e destacar a denominada "escolha esclarecida", considerando que a atividade do cirurgião-dentista é classificada como serviço e é regulamentada pela Constituição Federal de 1988, Código de Defesa do Consumidor, Código Civil e leis especiais. Diante disso, busca-se verificar se é possível melhorar a obtenção do consentimento informado do paciente, transformando-a em processo de escolha esclarecida que considere tratamentos adequadamente indicados cuja finalidade principal é a saúde.

Abstract Studies on informed patient consent in the field of dentistry are scarce and present divergences, highlighting the need to deepen knowledge about definitions, dynamics, normative acts, case law and limits of responsibility in the face of diverse factors and risks inherent to the profession. From a bibliographic review that included studies indexed in the SciELO and LILACS databases, as well as textbooks, this study aimed to define what is meant by a patient's free and informed consent, distinguish different types and highlight the so-called "informed choice," considering that the activity of the dental surgeon is classified as a service and is regulated by the 1988 Federal Constitution of Brazil, the Consumer Defense Code, the Civil Code and special laws. The aim is to see if it is possible to improve the process of obtaining informed consent from patients, transforming it into a process of informed choice that takes into account appropriately indicated treatments whose main purpose is health.

Resumen Los estudios del consentimiento informado del paciente en odontología son escasos y presentan divergencias, lo que revela la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento en definiciones, dinámicas, actos normativos, jurisprudencia y límites de responsabilidad frente a diversos factores y riesgos relacionados a la profesión. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos SciELO y LILACS, y en libros, se buscó definir qué se entiende por consentimiento informado del paciente, distinguir diferentes tipos e identificar la llamada "decisión aclarada", considerando que la actividad del cirujano dental está clasificada como un servicio y reglamentada por la Constitución Federal de 1988, el Código de Defensa del Consumidor, el Código Civil y leyes especiales. Se busca identificar si es posible mejorar el consentimiento informado al convertirlo en un proceso de obtención de decisión aclarada que considere adecuadamente los tratamientos cuya principal finalidad sea la salud.

Genetic polymorphism of interleukins 6 and 17 correlated with apical periodontitis: A Cross-sectional study.

Interleukins 6 and 17 act in bone resorption in the presence of infections of endodontic origin for host defense. Genetic polymorphisms may be associated with increased bone loss, represented by areas of large periapical lesions. This study aimed to verify the frequency of interleukin 6 and 17 gene polymorphism in patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess and to verify the existence of correlations between periapical lesion area with age, gender, and presence of the polymorphism, in the studied population, in the state of Pernambuco. A population consisting of thirty diagnosed individuals was included. The area of the lesions was measured in mm². Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for interleukin 6 (rs 1800795) and interleukin 17 (rs 2275913). Fisher's exact, chi-square, and odds ratio tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was also performed using sex, age, and the presence of polymorphism as covariates, in addition to linear regression to test the relationship between age and lesion area. All tests used a significance level of 0.05% (p ≤0.05%). There was no statistical significance in the occurrence of large areas of periapical lesions correlated with age, sex, and diagnosis, nor in the distribution of alleles in the polymorphism of interleukins 6 and 17 in the studied groups. The frequency of homozygous and heterozygous polymorphism was high. The polymorphism of these interleukins is not correlated with the increase in the areas of asymptomatic periapical inflammatory lesions.

Pulpal calcifications in orthodontically moved teeth: Scoping review.

Background: The application of forces during orthodontic treatment can induce pulpal calcifications, characterized by the deposition of mineralized tissue in the pulp cavity space, there may be repercussions on dental procedures, especially endodontic treatment. The objective of this article is to map the scientific evidence and any gaps in knowledge regarding the relationship between orthodontics and dental pulp calcifications. Material and Methods: The study comprised a scoping review whose guiding question was: "What is the scientific evidence of the association between pulpal calcifications and orthodontic treatment?" Two independent reviewers searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and the grey literature. Original articles and observational and clinical trials, which addressed the repercussions on the pulp cavity of teeth submitted to orthodontic treatment, were included. There was no language restriction or limitation of the year of publication until October 2022. Results: After critical reading and applying the eligibility criteria, 11 studies were included in this scoping review: six observational and five experimental studies. A statistically significant association of orthodontic treatment with changes in pulp cavity volume and increased incidence of pulp stones was observed among the studies findings. Conclusions: The orthodontic force can promote changes in the dental pulp that may cause direct implications in other dental treatments, especially endodontic treatment. Key words:Dental pulp calcifications, pulp node, pulp obliteration, orthodontic treatment, orthodontics.

Genetic polymorphism of interleukins 6 and 17 correlated with apical periodontitis: A Cross-sectional study

Abstract Interleukins 6 and 17 act in bone resorption in the presence of infections of endodontic origin for host defense. Genetic polymorphisms may be associated with increased bone loss, represented by areas of large periapical lesions. This study aimed to verify the frequency of interleukin 6 and 17 gene polymorphism in patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess and to verify the existence of correlations between periapical lesion area with age, gender, and presence of the polymorphism, in the studied population, in the state of Pernambuco. A population consisting of thirty diagnosed individuals was included. The area of the lesions was measured in mm². Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for interleukin 6 (rs 1800795) and interleukin 17 (rs 2275913). Fisher's exact, chi-square, and odds ratio tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was also performed using sex, age, and the presence of polymorphism as covariates, in addition to linear regression to test the relationship between age and lesion area. All tests used a significance level of 0.05% (p ≤0.05%). There was no statistical significance in the occurrence of large areas of periapical lesions correlated with age, sex, and diagnosis, nor in the distribution of alleles in the polymorphism of interleukins 6 and 17 in the studied groups. The frequency of homozygous and heterozygous polymorphism was high. The polymorphism of these interleukins is not correlated with the increase in the areas of asymptomatic periapical inflammatory lesions.

Resumo As interleucinas 6 e 17 atuam na reabsorção óssea na presença de infecções de oriegem endodôntica para defesa do hospedeiro. Polimorfismos genéticos podem estar associados ao aumento da perda óssea, representada por áreas de lesões periapicais grandes. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a frequência do polimorfismo dos genes interleucina 6 e 17 em pacientes com periodontite apical assintomática ou abscesso apical crônico e verificar a existência de correlações entre área de lesão periapical com idade, sexo e presença do polimorfismo, na população estudada, no estado de Pernambuco. Foi incluída uma população constituída por trinta indivíduos diagnosticados. A áreas da lesões foram medidas em mm². O DNA genômico foi extraído e a genotipagem realizada por Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmento de Restrição de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase para interleucina 6 (rs 1800795) e interleucina 17 (rs 2275913). Os testes exato de Fisher, qui-quadrado e odds ratio foram utilizados. Uma análise de regressão logística também foi realizada usando sexo, idade e presença de polimorfismo como covariável, além de regressão linear para testar a relação da idade e área da lesão. Todos os testes utilizaram um nível de significância de 0,05% (p ≤0.05%). Não houve significância estatística na ocorrência das áreas grandes de lesões periapicais correlacionadas com idade, sexo e diagnóstico nem nas distribuições de alelos no polimorfismo das interleucinas 6 e 17 nos grupos estudados. A frequência de polimorfismo homozigoto e heterozigoto foi alta. O polimorfismo dessas interleucinas não está correlacionado ao aumento das áreas das lesões inflamatórias periapicais assintomáticas.

The influence of anxiety on pain perception and its repercussion on endodontic treatment: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of dental anxiety on the perception of pain before and during endodontic treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PRISMA checklist was followed. A search was conducted in Scopus, Medline/PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Based on PECOS criteria, the first outcome was a possible association between pre-operative pain and anxiety. The second outcome was a possible association between intraoperative pain and anxiety. The type of studies was observational. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of articles. The certainty of the evidence was analyzed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Four articles were included with a total of 471 patients. Two studies found a positive association between pain and pre-endodontic treatment anxiety. Three studies investigated the relationship between anxiety and intraoperative pain; two identified an extremely significant positive association. One article noted that anxiety influences pain expectancy. The studies were of good quality as assessed by the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for cross-sectional studies. However, the certainty of the evidence was considered low and very low. CONCLUSIONS: Dental anxiety can be directly associated with pre- and intraoperative pain during endodontic procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is necessary to identify patients with dental anxiety to employ therapies to bring their anxiety under control, avoiding the increase of endodontic infections, and the postponement and evasion of endodontic treatments.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes pediátricos de um centro de oncohematologia de pernambuco / Clinical-epidemiological profile of pediatric patients at a center of oncohematology in Pernambuco / Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes pediátricos en un centro de oncohematología de Pernambuco

ntrodução:O câncer infantojuvenil corresponde a um grupo de várias doenças que têm em comum a proliferação descontrolada de células anormais e que pode ocorrer em qualquer local do organismo. Objetivo:Identificar os tipos de neoplasias mais frequentes na infância e adolescência e analisar o perfil clínico-epidemiológicodos pacientes. Metodologia:Estudo de transversal exploratório, de natureza aplicada com análise documental, realizado no Centro de Oncohematologia Pediátrica do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco.Foram incluídos crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com neoplasia e tratados por terapia antineoplásica.Os critérios de exclusão foram crianças e adolescentes normorreativas e/ou com doenças sistêmicas; prontuários ilegíveis ou com falta de informações clínicas.Resultados:Identificou-se que 54,21% dos pacientes eram dosexo feminino, seguido por 44,86% do sexo masculino.A faixa etária prevalente no estudo foi o de crianças de 5 a 14 anos (54,21%), ainda sobre o perfil dos pacientes, identificou-se que população autodeclarada como negra foi a mais prevalente representando 44,86% do total, seguido dos brancos com 43,93%. O diagnóstico que prevaleceu foi o de Leucemia Linfoide Aguda(23,36%), seguido pela Retinoblastoma (7,48%) e pela Rabdomiossarcoma embrionário (6,54%), e consequentemente o local da neoplasia primária que prevaleceu foi a Medula óssea (27,10%) seguido do olho (10,28%), deste total nota-se que o tratamento antineoplásico mais utilizado foi a quimioterapia (40,19%) seguido da quimioterapia associada à radioterapia(12,15%) e pela quimioterapia associada a cirurgia (10,28%). Conclusões:A leucemia linfoide aguda foi a neoplasia mais frequente na infância e adolescência, com prevalência na idade entre 5 e 14 anos, no sexo feminino e na etnia negra. A terapia antineoplásica mais utilizada foi a quimioterapia, seguida da associação entre quimioterapia e radioterapia (AU).

Introduction:Childhood cancer correspondsto a group of several diseases that have in common the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells and that can occur anywhere in the body. Objective:Identify the most frequent types of neoplasms in childhood and adolescence and analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients. Methodology:Exploratory cross-sectional study, applied in nature with document analysis, carried out at the Pediatric Oncohematology Center of Oswaldo Cruz University, Recife, Pernambuco. Children and adolescents diagnosed with neoplasia and treated with antineoplastic therapy were included. Exclusion criteria were normoreactive children and adolescents and/or with systemic diseases; illegible medical records or lacking clinical information. Results:It was identified that54.21% of the patients were female, followed by 44.86% male. The prevalent age group in the study was children from 5 to 14 years old (54.21%), still regarding the patients'profile , it was identified that the population self-declared as black was the most prevalent, representing 44.86% of the total, followed by of whites with 43.93%. The diagnosis that prevailed was Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (23.36%), followed by Retinoblastoma (7.48%) and Embryonic Rhabdomyosarcoma (6.54%), and consequently,the site of the primary neoplasm that prevailed was Bone marrow (27.10%) followed by the eye (10.28%), of this total it is noted that the most used anticancer treatment was chemotherapy (40.19%) followed by chemotherapy associated with radiotherapy (12.15% ) and chemotherapy associated with surgery (10.28%). Conclusions:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most frequent neoplasm in childhood and adolescence, with a prevalence between 5 and 14 years of age, in females,and black ethnicity. The most used antineoplastic therapy was chemotherapy, followed by the association between chemotherapy and radiotherapy (AU).

ntroducción: El cáncer infantil corresponde a un grupo de varias enfermedades que tienen en común la proliferación descontrolada de células anormales y que pueden presentarse en cualquier parte del cuerpo. Objetivo: Identificar los tipos de neoplasias más frecuentes en la infancia y la adolescencia y analizar el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los pacientes. Metodología: Estudio transversal exploratorio, aplicado en la naturaleza con análisis de documentos, realizado en el Centro de Oncohematología Pediátrica del Hospital Universitario Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco. Se incluyeron niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico de neoplasia y tratados con terapia antineoplásica. Los criterios de exclusión fueron niños y adolescentes normorreactivos y/o con enfermedades sistémicas; registros médicos ilegibles o carentes de información clínica. Resultados: Se identificó que el 54,21% de los pacientes eran del sexo femenino, seguido del 44,86% del masculino. El grupo etario prevalente en el estudio fueron los niños de 5 a 14 años (54,21%), en cuanto al perfil de los pacientes, se identificó que la población autodeclarada afrodescendiente fue la más prevalente, representando el 44,86% del total, seguido de los blancos con un 43,93%. El diagnóstico que predominó fue Leucemia Linfoide Aguda (23,36%), seguido de Retinoblastoma (7,48%) yRabdomiosarcoma Embrionario (6,54%), y en consecuencia el local de la neoplasia primaria que predominó fue Médula Ósea (27,10%) seguido de ocular (10,28%), de este total se destaca que el tratamiento anticancerígeno más utilizado fue la quimioterapia (40,19%) seguida de la quimioterapia asociada a radioterapia (12,15%) y la quimioterapia asociada a cirugía (10,28%). Conclusiones: La leucemia linfoblástica aguda fue la neoplasia más frecuente en la infancia y la adolescencia, con prevalencia entre los 5 y los 14 años, en el sexo femenino y en la etnia negra. La terapia antineoplásica más utilizada fue la quimioterapia, seguida de la asociación entre quimioterapia y radioterapia (AU).

Epigenetic Reprogramming and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer.

Epigenetics is an area of genetics that studies the heritable modifications in gene expression and phenotype that are not controlled by the primary sequence of DNA. The main epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, post-translational covalent modifications in histone tails, and non-coding RNAs. During mammalian development, there are two global waves of epigenetic reprogramming. The first one occurs during gametogenesis and the second one begins immediately after fertilization. Environmental factors such as exposure to pollutants, unbalanced nutrition, behavioral factors, stress, in vitro culture conditions can negatively affect epigenetic reprogramming events. In this review, we describe the main epigenetic mechanisms found during mammalian preimplantation development (e.g., genomic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation). Moreover, we discuss the detrimental effects of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer on the reprogramming of epigenetic patterns and some molecular alternatives to minimize these negative impacts.

Differentially methylated regions identified in bovine embryos are not observed in adulthood.

The establishment of epigenetic marks during the reprogramming window is susceptible to environmental influences, and stimuli during this critical stage can cause altered DNA methylation in offspring. In a previous study, we found that low levels of sulphur and cobalt (low S/Co) in the diet offered to oocyte donors altered the DNA methylome of bovine embryos. However, due to the extensive epigenetic reprogramming that occurs during embryogenesis, we hypothesized that the different methylation regions (DMRs) identified in the blastocysts may not maintain in adulthood. Here, we aimed to characterize DMRs previously identified in embryos, in the blood and sperm of adult progenies of two groups of heifers (low S/Co and control). We used six bulls and characterized the DNA methylation levels of KDM2A, KDM5A, KMT2D, and DOT1L genes. Our results showed that all DMRs analysed in both groups and tissues were hypermethylated unlike that noticed in the embryonic methylome profiles. These results suggest that embryo DMRs were reprogrammed during the final stages of de novo methylation during embryogenesis or later in development. Therefore, due to the highly dynamic epigenetic state during early embryonic development, we suggest that is essential to validate the DMRs found in embryos in adult individuals.

In vitro antifungal activity of Morinda citrifolia (noni) extract against Candida albicans.

INTRODUCTION: Candida albicans is the main agent of the most common fungal infection, Candidiasis. It is an opportunistic and dangerous pathogen, especially in immunosuppressed patients. The biological properties of Morinda citrifolia (noni) make it a potent antifungal. In this study, antifungal effect of M. citrifolia was evaluated to verify its effect on human cells. METHODOLOGY: Extract of M. citrifolia was used against strains of C. albicans (cEC 1291). Glucose consumption in C. albicans biofilm was determined at different concentrations of M. citrifolia, and germ tube formation was evaluated in the presence and absence of M. citrifolia. Fungicidal activity was determined by the kinetics of fungal cell death. THP-1 and HeLa cells were used for cell viability and apoptosis, and cell proliferation assays, respectively. RESULTS: Cells treated with M. citrifolia maintained higher concentration of glucose than the control group (p < 0.05). Germ tube formation was inhibited in cells treated with M. citrifolia (p < 0.05). M. citrifolia exerted a cytotoxic effect on C. albicans cells with 99.99% lethality after 6.82 h (1:1 and 1:2), and reduced the viability of THP-1 cells by 25% and 67% after 12 and 36 h, respectively. Annexin V expression in THP-1 increased in groups that received higher concentrations of M. citrifolia (p < 0.05), reducing the proliferation of THP-1 and HeLa cells (2.8-fold). A greater cytotoxic effect was observed in fungal cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that M. citrifolia exerts biological activity against C. albicans and reduces the viability and proliferation of human cells.

How does the initial sward height and the grazing period influence the spatial variability of vegetation in deferred signal grass pastures?

The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of structural characteristics of deferred pastures of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk (signal grass) subjected to associations of sward heights (10, 20, 30, and 40 cm) at the beginning of deferment and grazing periods (1, 28, 56, 85, and 113 days). The experiment was arranged in a split-plot and completely randomized-block design with two replicates. Pastures remained deferred from March to June 2010. From June to the beginning of October 2010, deferred pastures were utilized by steers under continuous grazing and at a fixed initial stocking rate of 3.5 AU ha-1. At the beginning of the deferment, the coefficient of variation (CV) for pasture height was reduced linearly with the pasture height. During the grazing period, in the winter, the CV for pasture height was not influenced by initial pasture height; however, it responded quadratically to the grazing period, with a maximum value of 36.4% at 71 days of the period of utilization. The CV for tiller height was reduced linearly with pasture height at the beginning of deferment but increased linearly along with the grazing period. The initial pasture height did not change the CV of the falling index. However, the latter was quadratically influenced by the grazing period, with a maximum value of 59.5% at 67 days of the utilization period. Signal grass pastures deferred at a lower height have a higher spatial variability of the vegetation. In the grazing period, there are changes in the spatial variability of the vegetation of the deferred signal grass.

Comparison of cell wall polysaccharides in Schizophyllum commune after changing phenotype by mutation.

The Agaricomycetes fungi produce various compounds with pharmaceutical, medicinal, cosmetic, environmental and biotechnological properties. In addition, some polysaccharides extracted from the fungal cell wall have antitumor and immunomodulatory actions. The aim of this study was to use genetic modification to transform Schizophyllum commune and identify if the phenotype observed (different from the wild type) resulted in changes of the cell wall polysaccharides. The plasmid pUCHYG-GPDGLS, which contains the Pleurotus ostreatus glucan synthase gene, was used in S. commune transformations. Polysaccharides from cell wall of wild (ScW) and mutants were compared in this study. Polysaccharides from the biomass and culture broth were extracted with hot water. One of the mutants (ScT4) was selected for further studies and, after hydrolysis/acetylation, the GLC analysis showed galactose as the major component in polysaccharide fraction from the mutant and glucose as the major monomer in the wild type. Differences were also found in the elution profiles from HPSEC and NMR analyses. From the monosaccharide composition it was proposed that mannogalactans are components of S. commune cell wall for both, wild and mutant, but in different proportions. To our knowledge, this is the first time that mannogalactans are isolated from S. commune liquid culture.

Biomaterials and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: A Systematic Review.

The use of biological templates for the suitable growth of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) and "neo-tissue" construction has exponentially increased over the last years. The bioengineered scaffolds still have a prominent and biocompatible framework playing a role in tissue regeneration. In order to supply AD-MSCs, biomaterials, as the stem cell niche, are more often supplemented by or stimulate molecular signals that allow differentiation events into several strains, besides their secretion of cytokines and effects of immunomodulation. This systematic review aims to highlight the details of the integration of several types of biomaterials used in association with AD-MSCs, collecting notorious and basic data of in vitro and in vivo assays, taking into account the relevance of the interference of the cell lineage origin and handling cell line protocols for both the replacement and repairing of damaged tissues or organs in clinical application. Our group analyzed the quality and results of the 98 articles selected from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 97% of the articles retrieved demonstrated the potential in clinical applications. The synthetic polymers were the most used biomaterials associated with AD-MSCs and almost half of the selected articles were applied on bone regeneration.

Production of Pleurotus sajor-caju crude enzyme broth and its applicability for the removal of bisphenol A.

Bisphenol A is an endocrine interfering compound, produced and used on a large scale worldwide. Chemical and biologic methods can be used to remove it from the environment. Biological methods are considered less costly, safer and, according to green chemistry definitions, an environmentally correct method. Considering the use of a crude enzyme broth, without any downstream process, the costs could be mostly reduced. Thus, the removal of bisphenol A by Pleurotus sajor-caju crude enzyme broth was investigated. Initially, the agro-industrial wastes were characterized and, the composition of the culture medium and the bioreactor culture conditions were defined. The enzyme produced in the highest concentration was characterized and the crude broth used in the bisphenol A removal assays. The OXI45 culture medium presented the highest laccase activity (1,850.7 U L-1, 350 rpm). Greater laccase stability was observed at 20 - 40 oC and pHs 5 - 7. Vanillin and ferulic acid (considered mediator compounds) were identified in the crude broth, probably helping on the obtention of the high value of removal effectiveness (0.052 mg U-1 h-1). The results indicate the potential use of the Pleurotus sajor-caju crude enzyme broth to obtain an enzymatic formulation for application in the environmental area.

Incidence and profile of benign epithelial tumors of salivary glands from a single center in Northeast of Brazil

BACKGROUND: Benign tumors of the salivary glands are a group of lesions with varied histopathological and clinical spectrum. The aim was to determine the incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of benign salivary gland neoplasms diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 in a single center located in northeastern Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records regarding sex, age, anatomical location, histopathological subtype and treatment were retrieved, and data were analyzed using the Stata/IC software (version 12.0). RESULTS: There were above 7,100 cases of neoplasms in the head and neck region, of which 403 corresponded to salivary gland neoplasms. Of these, 238 (59%) were benign, being pleomorphic adenoma (PA) the most frequent neoplasm (n=178; 74.8%), followed by Warthin's tumor (WT) (n=23; 9.7%). Overall, most cases occurred in females (n=136; 57.1%) and age ranged from 11 to 83 years. The parotid gland (n=188; 79%) was the most common anatomical site, and all patients were treated by surgical excision. Of the cases diagnosed as PA, malignant transformation to carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CAEXPA) occurred in 7 (3.9%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed the clinical and demographic profile of benign salivary gland neoplasms, which contributes to the continuous knowledge of current data about these lesions

No disponible

Macroscopic, biochemical and hystological evaluation of topical anti-inflammatory activity of Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae) in mice.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Inflammatory skin diseases presents high prevalence and lack of alternatives that can be used for self-care by the population. Casearia sylvestris is a plant used topically in different communities in Brazil, to treat wounds or promote cutaneous healing. To evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory activity for the crude hydroalcoholic extract of Casearia sylvestris (HCE-CS) in the models of single or multiple administration of chroton oil to induce ear edema in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental study using male Swiss mice (25-35g) kept under constant conditions in the Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LaNEx)-UNISUL. Edema was induced in both models, respectively, by the single or multiple application of croton oil (CO, 2.5%, in 20 µl) on the external surface of the ear. The different groups of animals (n = 8) received different treatments: vehicle, dexamethasone (DEXA) or different doses of HCE-CS. Edema was evaluated macroscopically for 6 h (early edema) or 8 days (late edema) after the first application of the CO and immediately after the animals were submitted to euthanasia for the collection of the samples (treated ears). For early edema, the tissue was biochemically evaluated for myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and levels of nitrite/nitrate. In the late edema model, the ears were histologically evaluated for general morphometry, degranulated and non-degranulated mast cells, as well as acanthosis. RESULTS: Topic treatment with HCE-CS significantly reduced the early and late edema, as well as MPO activity and tissue levels of nitrite/nitrate. Finally, in the late edema model there was a lower density of degranulated mast cells in relation to the vehicle treated group and decreased thickness of the epidermis (acanthosis). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a possible benefit of topical treatment with HCE-CS in inflammatory conditions of the skin.

Epigenetic characterization of the H19/IGF2 locus in calf clones placenta / Caracterização epigenética do locus H19/IGF2 na placenta de bezerros clones

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT-Cloning) is a promising technique in many areas and is based on genetically identical individuals. However, its efficiency is low. Studies suggest that the leading cause is inadequate epigenetic reprogramming. This study aimed to characterize the methylation pattern of the exon 10 regions of the IGF2 gene and the Imprinting Control Region (ICR) of the H19 gene in the placenta of cloned calves. For this study, female and male cloned calves presenting different phenotypes were used. Genomic DNA from these animals' placenta was isolated, then treated with sodium bisulfite and amplified to the ICR/H19 and IGF2 loci. PCR products were cloned into competent bacteria and finally sequenced. A significant difference was found between controls and clones with healthy phenotypes for the ICR/H19 region. In this region, controls showed a hemimethylated pattern, as predicted in the literature due to this region has an imprinted control, while clones were showed less methylated. For the IGF2, no significant differences were found between controls and clones. These results suggest that different genomic regions in the genome may be independently reprogrammed and that failures in reprogramming the DNA methylation patterns of imprinted genes may be one of the causes of the low efficiency of SCNT.(AU)

A Transferência Nuclear de Células Somáticas (TNCS-Clonagem) é uma técnica promissora em várias áreas, e se baseia na produção de indivíduos geneticamente idênticos. No entanto, sua eficiência é baixa. Estudos sugerem que a principal causa seja uma reprogramação epigenética inadequada. O objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar o padrão de metilação da região éxon 10 do gene IGF2 e da Região Controladora de Imprinting (ICR) do gene H19 na placenta de bezerros clonados. Para a execução do trabalho foram selecionados clones bovinos fêmeas e machos, apresentando diferentes fenótipos. O DNA da placenta desses animais foi extraído, e em seguida foi tratado com bissulfito de sódio e amplificado para os loci ICR/H19 e IGF2. Os produtos da PCR foram clonados em bactérias competentes e, por fim, sequenciados. Foi encontrada uma diferença significativa entre os controles e os clones com fenótipos saudáveis para a região da ICR/H19. Nesta região, os controles tiveram um padrão hemimetilado, como previsto pela literatura, devido essa região ser imprinted. Enquanto os clones encontravam-se menos metilados. Para a região do éxon 10 do IGF2, não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre controles e clones. Estes resultados sugerem que as diferentes regiões do genoma podem se reprogramar independente umas das outras e que falhas na reprogramação do padrão de metilação do DNA de genes imprinted podem ser uma das causas da baixa eficiência da TNCS.(AU)

Demographic and Clinicopathologic Features of Actinic Cheilitis and Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Brazilian Multicentre Study.

Data on the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are well studied; however, they are based on studies limited to a single centre. Herein, we described the frequency of AC and LSCC submitted to microscopic examination from representative geographic regions of Brazil. A retrospective multicentre study was performed on biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2018 at 10 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. A total of 198,709 biopsy specimens were surveyed. Sociodemographic data and clinicopathologic characteristics were analysed. A total of 2017 cases of ACs (1.0%) and 850 cases of LSCCs (0.4%) were recorded. A strong fair-skinned (> 87%) male (> 70%) predilection was observed in both conditions. The mean age was 54.8 ± 18.7 for individuals with AC and 57.8 ± 19.0 for individuals with LSCC. The most commonly affected site was the lower lip (> 90%). This is a large multicentre study of AC and LSCC from Brazil. The frequency and clinicopathological features of AC and LSCC were similar to those described worldwide. This study provides robust and representative epidemiological data of these conditions for the scientific community.

Procaine and S-Adenosyl-l-Homocysteine Affect the Expression of Genes Related to the Epigenetic Machinery and Change the DNA Methylation Status of In Vitro Cultured Bovine Skin Fibroblasts.

Cloning using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has many potential applications such as in transgenic and genomic-edited animal production. Abnormal epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei is probably the major cause of the low efficiency associated with SCNT. Strategies to alter DNA reprogramming in donor cell nuclei may help improve the cloning efficiency. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the effects of procaine and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) as demethylating agents during the cell culture of bovine skin fibroblasts. We characterized the effects of procaine and SAH on the expression of genes related to the epigenetic machinery, including the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A), DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B), TET1, TET2, TET3, and OCT4 genes, and on DNA methylation levels of bovine skin fibroblasts. We found that DNA methylation levels of satellite I were reduced by SAH (p = 0.0495) and by the combination of SAH and procaine (p = 0.0479) compared with that in the control group. Global DNA methylation levels were lower in cells that were cultivated with both compounds than in control cells (procaine [p = 0.0116], SAH [p = 0.0408], and both [p = 0.0163]). Regarding gene expression, there was a decrease in the DNMT1 transcript levels in cells cultivated with SAH (p = 0.0151) and SAH/procaine (0.0001); a decrease in the DNMT3A transcript levels in cells cultivated with SAH/procaine (p = 0.016); and finally, a decrease in the DNMT3B transcript levels in cells cultivated with procaine (p = 0.0007), SAH (p = 0.0060), and SAH/procaine (p = 0.0021) was found. Higher levels of TET3 transcripts in cells cultivated with procaine (p = 0.0291), SAH (p = 0.0373), and procaine/SAH (p = 0.0013) compared with the control were also found. Regarding the OCT4 gene, no differences were found. Our results showed that the use of procaine and SAH during bovine cell culture was able to alter the epigenetic profile of the cells. This approach may be a useful alternative strategy to improve the efficiency of reprogramming the somatic nuclei after fusion, which in turn will improve the SCNT efficiency.