Comparison Between Two Strategies of Topical Treatment in Tar Burn: A Case Report.

The management of tar burns presents a wide range of possible approaches, and several strategies can be used to reduce the damage regarding the removal of tar adhered to the patient's skin. Tar residues should preferably be emulsified with solvent solutions. Due to the low incidence of tar burns, it has not yet been possible to select the appropriate agent for the removal of the adhered tar. In this article, we reported a case of a 47-year-old man with a tar burn in his forehead region and his both upper limbs treated with two different approaches and the outcomes. In the right upper limb, the removal of tar with oil-based on essential fatty acids was attempted at the time of hospital admission, whereas in the left upper limb, he was treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream, sterile gauze, and bandage. On the right upper limb, the treatment was eventually performed with debridement and split-thickness skin grafting. On the left upper limb, there was complete re-epithelialization of the burns. The more conservative approach of keeping a dressing with 1% silver sulfadiazine on the tar itself, followed by removing the material in the dressing changes was considered better than the immediate removal of tar with an oily solution, especially about pain. Our impression was that the application of 1% silver sulfadiazine cream at the time of the admission, as well as in the following days, may be beneficial for the removal of the tar in close contact with the skin. Possibly, this approach leads to less trauma to the skin and, eventually, simplifies the treatment of burns by hot tar.

Covid-19 e cirurgia plástica: relato de caso de tratamento de ferida complexa / Covid-19 and Plastic Surgery: a case report of complex wound treatment

Introdução: A pandemia decorrente da Covid-19 modificou de forma significativa a rotina e o trabalho das especialidades médicas. Relatamos o caso de um paciente tratado pela cirurgia plástica que contraiu o vírus Sars- CoV-2. Relato de caso: Homem de 66 anos, com ferida complexa em tornozelo, foi tratado com desbridamento cirúrgico e terapia por pressão negativa, sendo posteriormente submetido à cobertura cutânea da ferida com enxerto de pele parcial. No pós-operatório imediato, iniciou quadro de tosse seca, sendo que nesse mesmo dia havia sido confirmado um exame positivo do novo coronavírus em outro paciente que estava no mesmo quarto. Diante disso, solicitamos testagem com PCR que também resultou positiva para presença de Sars-CoV-2. O paciente evoluiu bem, com alta hospitalar no 5º dia de pós-operatório, após a retirada do curativo de Brown, e com retorno após o período de isolamento preconizado (14 dias). Discussão: O manejo de pacientes que necessitam de procedimentos cirúrgicos em meio a uma pandemia viral deve considerar a adoção de medidas preventivas que reduzam a possibilidade de transmissão do vírus. Como exemplo, citamos a redução do tempo de internação hospitalar, o uso de terapias que aceleram o processo terapêutico, o isolamento do paciente em casos confirmados e o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual. Conclusão: Apesar da infecção deste paciente pelo Sars-CoV-2, enfatizamos que a equipe de cirurgia plástica deve atuar de maneira precoce durante o processo de tratamento. Tais ações reduzem a possibilidade de disseminação do novo coronavírus para outros pacientes e para equipe de saúde.

Introduction: A pandemic from Covid-19 has significantly changed the routine and work of medical specialties. We report the case of a patient treated by plastic surgery who was infected by the Sars-CoV-2 virus. Case report: A 66-year-old man, with a complex wound on his ankle, was treated with surgical debridement and negative pressure wound therapy, and subsequently underwent cutaneous coverage of the wound with split thickness skin graft. In the immediate postoperative period, dry cough started, and that same day a positive examination of the new coronavirus was confirmed in another patient who was in the same infirmary. Therefore, we requested a PCR test that was also positive for the presence of Sars- CoV-2. The patient evolved well, being discharged on the 5th postoperative day, after the removal of Browns dressing, and returning after the recommended isolation period (14 days). Discussion: The management of patients with surgical procedures in the midst of a viral pandemic should consider the adoption of preventive measures that reduce the possibility of virus transmission. As an example, we mention the reduction in hospital stay, the use of therapies that speed up the therapeutic process, the isolation of the patient in confirmed cases and the use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: Despite the infection of this patient by Sars-CoV-2, we emphasize that the plastic surgery team must act early during the treatment process. These actions include the possibility of spreading a new coronavirus to other patients and the healthcare team.

Cirurgia reparadora no contexto da Covid-19: complicações evolutivas no tratamento de ferida complexa inguinal / Reconstructive surgery in the context of Covid-19: complications in the treatment of an inguinal complex wound

Introdução: No final de 2019, o mundo viu surgir uma nova síndrome respiratória denominada Covid-19, causada por um novo tipo de coronavírus, o Sars-CoV-2. Classificada como uma pandemia, ela tem causado impactos de magnitude ainda imensuráveis. Relato de caso: Homem de 57 anos desenvolveu ferida inguinal direita, após exploração cirúrgica por infecção de prótese usada em bypass femoro-poplíteo. A equipe de cirurgia plástica optou pelo tratamento com desbridamento cirúrgico, associado com terapia por pressão negativa para preparo do leito da ferida. No pós-operatório, apresentou síndrome respiratória aguda grave e suspeita de Covid-19, com necessidade de intubação e de cuidados intensivos. Foi colhido amostra para RT-PCR do Sars-CoV-2 e associado ao tratamento as medicações cloroquina e azitromicina. Apesar do tratamento intensivo, o paciente foi a óbito. O resultado do exame RT-PCR para o novo coronavírus foi positivo, sendo liberado dois dias após a morte. Discussão: A análise deste relato permite supor que o paciente provavelmente contraiu o novo coronavírus dentro do próprio hospital, pois o mesmo encontrava-se internado pelo período dos 35 dias anteriores à evolução para insuficiência respiratória. Esse fato, juntamente com sua evolução desfavorável, corrobora a orientação de minimizar ao máximo as internações e os procedimentos cirúrgicos a fim de promover maior segurança ao paciente e à equipe de saúde. Conclusão: Pacientes internados estão susceptíveis à infecção pelo novo coronavírus e podem configurar grupo de maior de risco, uma vez que muitos deles já se encontram debilitados.

Introduction: At the end of 2019, the world saw the emergence of a new respiratory syndrome called Covid-19, caused by a new type of coronavirus, Sars-CoV-2. Classified as a pandemic, it has caused impacts of considerable magnitude. Case Report: A 57-year-old man developed a right inguinal wound after surgical exploration for infection of a prosthesis used in a femur-popliteal bypass. The Plastic Surgery team opted for treatment with surgical debridement associated with negative pressure therapy to prepare the wound bed. In the postoperative period, he had severe acute respiratory syndrome and suspected Covid-19, requiring intubation and intensive care. A sample for RT-PCR of Sars-CoV-2 was collected, and the medications chloroquine and azithromycin were associated with the treatment. Despite intensive treatment, the patient died. The result of the RT-PCR test for the new coronavirus was positive, being released two days after death. Discussion: The analysis of this report allows us to suppose that the patient probably contracted the new coronavirus at the hospital, as he was hospitalized for 35 days before the evolution of respiratory failure. This fact, together with its unfavorable evolution, corroborates the orientation of minimizing hospitalizations and surgical procedures as much as possible to promote more safety for the patient and the health team. Conclusion: Inpatients are susceptible to infection with the new coronavirus and can set up a group at higher risk since many of them are already weakened.

Choledochal cyst in childhood: review of 30 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and discuss the clinical data, diagnosis and treatment of a number of patients with cystic dilatation of the common bile duct of a Brazilian pediatric hospital. METHODS: We analyzed 30 patients treated at the Martagão Gesteira Institute of Pediatrics and Child Care of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro for 23 years ,with statistical analysis of epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and postoperative outcome. RESULTS: We observed a marked female predominance (73.4% of cases), the diagnosis being made in the first decade of life in 90% of patients. The most prevalent clinical manifestation was jaundice (70% of cases) and the classic triad of choledochal cyst was not observed. Abdominal ultrasound was the first imaging examination performed, with a sensitivity of 56.6%, with diagnostic definition in 17 children. Two patients (6.6%) had prenatal diagnosis. All patients underwent surgical treatment, cyst resection with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy being performed in 80% of cases. The incidence of postoperative complications was 13.3% and the mortality rate was 6.6%, ie two patients were diagnosed with Caroli's disease. CONCLUSION: The non-observance of the classic triad of choledochal cyst suggests that its incidence is lower than that reported in the medical literature. The surgical treatment of choledochal cysts, with resection and bilioenteric anastomosis, is safe even for small children.

Choledochal cyst in childhood: review of 30 cases / Cisto de colédoco na infância: revisão de 30 casos

Objective: To analyze and discuss the clinical data, diagnosis and treatment of a number of patients with cystic dilatation of the common bile duct of a Brazilian pediatric hospital. Methods: We analyzed 30 patients treated at the Martagão Gesteira Institute of Pediatrics and Child Care of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro for 23 years ,with statistical analysis of epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and postoperative outcome. Results: We observed a marked female predominance (73.4% of cases), the diagnosis being made in the first decade of life in 90% of patients. The most prevalent clinical manifestation was jaundice (70% of cases) and the classic triad of choledochal cyst was not observed. Abdominal ultrasound was the first imaging examination performed, with a sensitivity of 56.6%, with diagnostic definition in 17 children. Two patients (6.6%) had prenatal diagnosis. All patients underwent surgical treatment, cyst resection with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy being performed in 80% of cases. The incidence of postoperative complications was 13.3% and the mortality rate was 6.6%, ie two patients were diagnosed with Caroli's disease. Conclusion: The non-observance of the classic triad of choledochal cyst suggests that its incidence is lower than that reported in the medical literature. The surgical treatment of choledochal cysts, with resection and bilioenteric anastomosis, is safe even for small children. .

Objetivo: analisar e discutir os dados clínicos, o diagnóstico e tratamento de uma série de pacientes portadores de dilatações císticas do colédoco de um hospital pediátrico brasileiro. Métodos: foram analisados 30 pacientes tratados no Instituto de Pediatria e Puericultura Martagão Gesteira da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro durante 23 anos, com análise estatística de dados epidemiológicos, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamento e evolução pós-operatória. Resultados: foi observada marcada predominância do sexo feminino (73,4% dos casos), sendo o diagnóstico feito na primeira década de vida em 90% dos pacientes. A manifestação clínica mais prevalente foi a icterícia (70% dos casos) e a tríade clássica do cisto de colédoco não foi observada. A ultrassonografia abdominal foi o primeiro exame de imagem realizado, demonstrando sensibilidade de 56,6%, com definição diagnóstica em 17 crianças. Dois pacientes (6,6%) tiveram diagnóstico pré-natal. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico, sendo a ressecção do cisto com hepaticojejunostomia com Y de Roux realizada em 80% dos casos. A incidência de complicações pós-operatórias foi 13,3% e a taxa de mortalidade foi 6,6%, ou seja, dois pacientes com diagnóstico de doença de Caroli. Conclusão: a não observação da tríade clássica do cisto de colédoco nos pacientes avaliados sugere que a sua incidência seja menor que a relatada na literatura médica mundial. O tratamento cirúrgico dos cistos de colédoco, com sua ressecção e anastomose bíleodigestiva é seguro, mesmo em crianças pequenas. .

[Multiple focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: mixed hyperplastic and adenomatous subtype]. / Hiperplasia nodular focal múltipla do fígado: subtipo misto hiperplásico/adenomatoso.

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia is a benign lesion of the liver, which usually presents with one or two localizations. We report the uncommon case of a 51-year-old female who presents with right upper quadrant pain that worsened in the previous month, without association with feeding. Four hepatic lesions were evidenced at Computerized tomography, the largest being of 8 cm in diameter, of atypical behavior. She was submitted to hepatic segmentectomy of the segment III. The pathologic diagnosis returned focal nodular hyperplasia mixed hyperplastic and adenomatous sub-type. The patient had a good postoperative evolution and is in ambulatory follow-up.

Hiperplasia nodular focal múltipla do fígado: subtipo misto hiperplásico/adenomatoso / Multiple focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: mixed hyperplastic and adenomatous subtype

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia is a benign lesion of the liver, which usually presents with one or two localizations. We report the uncommon case of a 51-year-old female who presents with right upper quadrant pain that worsened in the previous month, without association with feeding. Four hepatic lesions were evidenced at Computerized tomography, the largest being of 8 cm in diameter, of atypical behavior. She was submitted to hepatic segmentectomy of the segment III. The pathologic diagnosis returned focal nodular hyperplasia mixed hyperplastic and adenomatous sub-type. The patient had a good postoperative evolution and is in ambulatory follow-up.

Anesthesia for bariatric surgery in an achondroplastic dwarf with morbid obesity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Achondroplasia is the most common form among the different types of osteochondrodysplasia that cause dwarfism. Dwarves develop obesity quite frequently and surgical treatment has shown greater efficacy, both for effective weight loss and long term maintenance. The objective of this report was to present the case of bariatric surgery with Y-en-Roux gastric bypass in an achondroplastic dwarf with morbid obesity. The different difficulties in the anesthetic management of this patient and the way they were dealt with were discussed in order to decrease intraoperative morbidity and mortality. CASE REPORT: This is a 29 years old female dwarf with achondroplasia and morbid obesity since childhood. She was 123 cm tall and weighed 144 kg at the time of admission to the Bariatric Surgery service. With a body mass index (BMI) of 95.18 kg.m2, she had several associated diseases especially of the respiratory system and osteoarticular system. After a long follow-up with diet, exercises, and psychological support, her clinical condition improved and she was referred for surgery: Y-en-Roux gastroplasty using the technique of Capella-Fobi. Intubation of the awake patient under direct laryngoscopy was difficult and a bronchofibroscope had to be used. Surgery was uneventful and the patient was maintained under total intravenous anesthesia with continuous infusion of remifentanil and propofol. She was extubated at the end of the surgery still in the operating room. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous comorbidities of achondroplasia and morbid obesity can hinder the anesthetic management, especially regarding the airways. A thorough pre-anesthetic evaluation is necessary to anticipate the conducts and minimize risks, therefore optimizing the evolution of anesthesia.

Anestesia em anã acondroplásica obesa mórbida para gastroplastia redutora / Anestesia en enana acondroplásica obesa mórbida para gastroplastia reductora / Anesthesia for bariatric surgery in an achondroplastic dwarf with morbid obesity

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A acondroplasia é a forma mais comum entre os diversos tipos de osteocondrodisplasias causadoras do nanismo. O anão pode ser acometido de obesidade com relativa frequência e o tratamento cirúrgico tem demonstrado maior eficácia tanto para a perda efetiva de peso quanto para a sua manutenção a longo prazo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um caso de gastroplastia redutora com derivação intestinal em Y-de-Roux em anão acondroplásico obeso mórbido. Foram analisadas as diversas dificuldades encontradas no manuseio anestésico deste paciente e a maneira pela qual foram abordadas, objetivando a diminuição da morbimortalidade no intra-operatório. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente de 29 anos, feminina, anã com acondroplasia e obesidade mórbida desde a infância. Suas medidas eram de 123 cm de altura e peso corporal de 144 kg. Com índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 95,18 kg.m-2, apresentava várias doenças associadas, sobretudo dos sistemas respiratório e osteoarticular. Após longo período de acompanhamento com dieta, exercícios físicos e apoio psicológico, a paciente melhorou sua condição clínica, sendo encaminhada para a realização da operação proposta: gastroplastia redutora à Capella-Fobi. Na anestesia houve dificuldade na intubação traqueal acordada sob laringoscopia direta, sendo necessária a utilização do broncofibroscópio. Transcurso intra-operatório sem complicações, sendo mantida sob anestesia geral venosa total com infusão contínua de remifentanil e propofol. Extubada ao final do procedimento na sala cirúrgica. CONCLUSÕES: As comorbidades simultâneas da acondroplasia e da obesidade mórbida podem dificultar o manuseio anestésico, sobretudo em relação às vias aéreas. É necessário uma avaliação pré-anestésica bem conduzida para antecipar condutas e minimizar esses riscos, otimizando, assim, a condução da anestesia.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La acondroplasia es la forma más común entre los diversos tipos de osteocondrodisplasias causadoras del enanismo. El enano puede ser acometido de obesidad con una relativa frecuencia, y el tratamiento quirúrgico ha demostrado una mayor eficacia, tanto para la pérdida efectiva de peso como para a su mantenimiento a largo plazo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un caso de gastroplastia reductora con derivación intestinal en Y-de-Roux en enano acondroplásico obeso mórbido. Se analizaron las diversas dificultades encontradas en el manejo anestésico de este paciente y la manera a través de la cual se abordaron, objetivando la disminución de la morbi mortalidad en el intraoperatorio. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente de 29 años, femenina, enana, con acondroplasia y obesidad mórbida desde la infancia. Sus medidas eran de 123 cm de altura y peso corporal de 144 kg, al momento de la entrada en el servicio de Cirugía Bariátrica. Con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 95,18 kg.m-2, presentaba varias enfermedades asociadas, principalmente del sistema respiratorio y osteoarticular. Después de un largo período de acompañamiento con dieta, ejercicios físicos y apoyo psicológico, la paciente mejoró su condición clínica, siéndole intervenida con la operación propuesta: gastroplastia reductora a la Capella-Fobi. En la anestesia, hubo dificultad en la intubación traqueal con la paciente despierta y bajo laringoscopía directa, siendo necesaria utilización del broncofibroscopio. Transcurso intraoperatorio sin complicaciones, siendo mantenida bajo anestesia general venosa total con infusión continua de remifentanil y propofol. Extubada al final del procedimiento en la sala de operaciones. CONCLUSIONES: Las comorbidades simultáneas de la acondroplasia y de la obesidad mórbida pueden dificultar el manejo anestésico, principalmente con relación a las aéreas. Es necesario una evaluación preanestésica bien conducida para anticipar conductas...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Achondroplasia is the most common form among the different types of osteochondrodysplasia that cause dwarfism. Dwarves develop obesity quite frequently, and surgical treatment has shown greater efficacy, both for effective weight loss and long term maintenance. The objective of this report was to present the case of bariatric surgery with Y-en-Roux gastric bypass in an achondroplastic dwarf with morbid obesity. The different difficulties in the anesthetic management of this patient and the way they were dealt with were discussed in order to decrease intraoperative morbidity and mortality. CASE REPORT: This is a 29 years old female dwarf with achondroplasia and morbid obesity since childhood. She was 123 cm tall and weighed 144 kg at the time of admission to the Bariatric Surgery service. With a body mass index (BMI) of 95.18 kg.m-2, she had several associated diseases especially of the respiratory system and osteoarticular system. After a long follow-up with diet, exercises, and psychological support, her clinical condition improved and she was referred for surgery: Y-en-Roux gastroplasty using the technique of Capella-Fobi. Intubation of the awake patient under direct laryngoscopy was difficult and a bronchofibroscope had to be used. Surgery was uneventful and the patient was maintained under total intravenous anesthesia with continuous infusion of remifentanil and propofol. She was extubated at the end of the surgery still in the operating room. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous comorbidities of achondroplasia and morbid obesity can hinder the anesthetic management, especially regarding the airways. A thorough pre-anesthetic evaluation is necessary to anticipate the conducts and minimize risks, therefore optimizing the evolution of anesthesia.

Bariatric surgery in a morbidly obese achondroplasic patient--use of the 6-minute walk test to assess mobility and quality of life.

A young woman with achondroplasia and morbid obesity (two disabling conditions) is presented. She underwent open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). We emphasize preoperative preparation by a multidisciplinary team and the use of the 6-minute walk test to follow and assess mobility and quality of life.

Past use of amphetamines in candidates for gastric bypass surgery in a university hospital.

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the history of treatment in a population of patients awaiting gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: A standard questionnaire was used to evaluate the history of different therapeutic methods for weight loss in 312 patients between 13 and 70 years of age: 247 (79.2%) women and 66 (20.8%) men. RESULTS: BMI varied between 33.0 to 100.0 kg/m2. The most common therapeutic method for losing weight was the use of formulae containing amphetamines, n=270 (86.5%). Only a tendency could be found towards a difference between women and men regarding amphetamine utilization respectively: 218 (88.3%) vs 52 (80.0%); P=0.066. Patients used formulae for the first time at an average age of 22.5+/-8.0 years old (from 8 to 57 years old). 43.7% (n=118) of the patients who used amphetamines have never received any information about the drug, and 80.6% (n=216) regret using this option. Dry mouth was the most common side-effect reported, n=205 (81%). Women had more frequent reports of depression and tremors than men, 58.6% vs 40.0% (P=0.017) and 44% vs 25% (P=0.011) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Amphetamines were used on a large scale in this population and a high level of side-effects were observed. Women used them more frequently than men, and noted a higher level of side-effects.

Colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after liver transplantation.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent cause of infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Colonization with MRSA is associated with a higher risk of infection. Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of MRSA colonization among OLT candidates. However, the risk of colonization with MRSA after OLT is still unclear. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence and the factors associated with colonization with MRSA after OLT. This was a prospective cohort study including patients submitted to OLT between the years 2000 and 2002. Surveillance cultures of nasal swab specimens were performed within the 1st 72 hours of hospital admission and, subsequently, on weeks 2, 6, 13, and 26. Patients whose baseline cultures revealed nasal carriage of MRSA were excluded. A total of 60 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up was 72 days. A total of 9 patients (15%) became colonized. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the use of a urinary catheter for > or =5 days (P = .006), postoperative bleeding at the surgical site (P = .009), and preoperative use of fluoroquinolones (P = .08) were associated with a higher risk of colonization. Patients without any of these risk factors did not become colonized. In conclusion, nasal carriage of MRSA is frequently acquired after OLT. Periodic postoperative screening for MRSA carriage should be an integral component in programs designed to reduce nosocomial MRSA transmission in these patients. Further studies are needed to set up and validate a predictive model that could allow targeting postoperative screening to high-risk OLT recipients.

A propósito da renovaçäo do epitélio intestinal: II. Fatores intraluminais, sistêmico, influências neurovasculares e adaptaçäo pós-operatório, no cólon / Renewal of colonic intestinal epithelium: II. Action of intraluminal, systemic, neurovascular factors and postoperative adaptation

Vários estudos têm sido realizados com o objetivo de melhor determinar os múltiplos mecanismos envolvidos no precesso de renovaçäo do epitélio intestinal. Alguns fatores säo conhecidamente participantes deste fenômeno. Entretanto, existem inúmeras pesquisas com resultados contraditórios sobre o assunto, especialmente no que se refere ao cólon. Os autores fazem uma análise comparativa da participaçäo dos principais fatores atuantes no processo da renovaçäo epitelial colônica, associando condiçöes fisiológicas e/ou patológicas. O objetivo é para tentar elucidar algumas dúvidas, entre as inúmeras existentes, para melhor compreensäo de certas entidades mórbidas que, de maneira contumaz, assentam-se no intestino grosso

A propósito da renovaçäo do epitélio intestinal: I. Epitélio intestinal normal / Renewal of intestinal epithelium: I. Normal intestinal epithelium

A cinética da renovaçäo celular do epitélio intestinal tem sido assunto de várias pesquisas. Este fato se deve principalmente à necessidade de um melhor entendimento acerca dos diversos fenômenos que aí ocorrem, alguns relacionados às fases absortivas deste epitélio e outros ligados às alteraçöes celulares, essencialmente ao nível do intestino grosso. No momento em que conseguirmos precisar objetivamente täo complexo fenômeno estaremos, por certo, próximos em determinar certas causas relacionadas com o processo degenerativo da populaçäo celular do epitélio gastrointestinal. O presente estudo trata-se, täo somente, de um intróito, cujo objetivo é o de revisar o que há de mais novo a respeito desse intrincado processo

Esofagectomia sem toracotomia; parte II / Esophagectomy without thoracotomy; part II

É apresentada uma revisäo bibliográfica dos procedimentos transtorácico e extratorácico (esofagectomia sem toracotomia), cuja técnica vem se tornando cada vez mais atraente entre os cirurgiöes, apesar das críticas feitas ao nível do terço médio, no qual a cirurgia do esôfago é feita as cegas. Doze pacientes foram operados com o procedimento extratorácico, sendo 11 com estenose maligna, a maioria de terço inferior, e apenas um paciente de terço superior. As idades estavam incluídas entre a quinta e a sexta décadas. Näo ocorreram complicaçöes per-operatórias, enquanto que no pós-operatório houve 30% de deiscência da anastomose esôfago-gastrica cervical evoluçäo näo foi a mesma referida por outros autores - uma fístula salivar com evoluçäo benigna, espontânea com cura dentro de três semanas - e levou a formaçäo de focos sépticos, lesäo nos pulmöes que pela síndrome alveolar, quer pela intersticial, ocasionando um óbito. Estas complicaçöes foram as responsáveis pelas duas mortes no pós-operatório (dentro de 30 dias). No que tange a sobrevida, a mesma foi de sete meses, já que os casos näo foram selecionados para a cirurgia, em virtude de ser objetivo restaurar a deglutiçäo

A via transaxilar para confirmaçäo ou estagiamento do câncer do pulmäo, esôfago e mediastino

Säo discutidos os métodos, invasivos ou näo, empregados para diagnosticar e avaliar a sobrevida do paciente com linfonodo mediatinais (N2) no câncer do pulmäo, acrescentando-se mais uma técnica, que é a abordagem transaxilar, como método opcional, caso os procedimentos näo confirmem a forte suspeita de um linfonodo invadido. A via transaxxilar presta-se näo apenas para os linfonodos, mas também para confirmar ou näo a presença de massas tumorais do esôfago. Apesar do reduzido número de casos, os autores acreditam que o procedimento é de grande valia, pois até o momento obtiveram 100% de positividade para tumores e linfonodos localizado no terço superior do tórax (meidatino superior)

Perfuraçäo do esôfago: tratamento; análise de 96 casos / Perforation of the esophagus: treatment; a critical review of 96 cases

É analisada a experiência dos autores com 96 casos de perfuraçäo do esôfago. Säo salientadas as dificuldades iniciais encontradas na abordagem dos ferimentos do esôfago e citados os pontos de vista de determinados autores, que norteiam as condutas terapêuticas das perfuraçöes do esôfago, tendo um denominador comum para todos: a precocidade do tratamento. Menciona-se ainda a inexistência de um tratamento de eleiçäo - a näo ser a precocidade do tempo - salientando-se que a toracotomia e a rafia, quando precoces, ainda säo o melhor tratamento. Na experiência dos autores, o tratamento do suporte é satisfatório, tendo sido conduzido em vários pacientes com empiema, e que tiveram sobrevida. Mostra-se, finalmente, a validade da tomografia computadorizada para determinar se existem duas perfuraçöes, uma abdominal e outra torácica