Actividad antihelmíntica in vivo de Tephrosia vogelii sobre estrongílidos gastrointestinales en caprinos infectados naturalmente / In vivo Anthelmintic Activity of Tephrosia vogelii on Gastrointestinal Strongyles in Naturally Infected Goats

Resumen Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto antihelmíntico de la especie Tephrosia vogelii sobre estrongílidos gastrointestinales de caprinos, se recolectaron hojas de la planta y se obtuvo un extracto bruto. Treinta caprinos infectados naturalmente se dividieron en tres grupos de diez animales cada uno. Grupo I (control) al cual se le administraron 50 ml de agua destilada; grupo II, al que se les administró una dosis diaria del extracto de 100 mg/kg, y grupo III, que recibió una dosis diaria del extracto de 150 mg/kg. El tratamiento se realizó oralmente por tres días consecutivos. Los conteos de huevos en mostraron que los animales presentaban una parasitosis gastrointestinal compuesta de los géneros Haemonchus spp. Trichostrongylus spp. y Oesophagostomum spp., siendo Haemochus spp. el de mayor proporción (75 %). La reducción de los conteos de huevos fue del 91 % y el 94 % para los grupos II y III, respectivamente, a los 14 días postratamiento.

Abstract This study aims to determine the anthelmintic effect of an extract of Tephrosia vogelii on gastrointestinal strongyles of goats. Leaves were collected, from which an aqueous extract was obtained. Thirty naturally-infected goats were divided in three groups of ten animals each as follows: group I (control), with each animal receiving 50 ml of distillated water; group II, with each animal receiving 100 mg/kg of the extract; and group III, with each animal receiving 150 mg/kg of the extract. Treatments were administered orally on three consecutive days. The faecal test revealed that the genera present in the goats were Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp. y Oesophagostomum spp., with Haemonchus spp. being the most prevalent genus (75%). The faecal egg count reductions 14 days pos-treatment were 91% and 94% for groups II and III, respectively.

A gestão da pandemia SARS-CoV-2 em Angola / Managing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Angola / La gestión de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 en Angola

Para avaliar a produção legislativa relativa à Pandemia da SARS-CoV-2 em Angola, é necessário atender ao contexto socio-económico e demográfico deste País, assim como explicitar o funcionamento do sistema nacional de saúde angolano, identificando as suas principais fragilidades. Angola agiu precocemente no combate à Pandemia, o que, a par de um corpo legislativo orientado para a prevenção da disseminação do vírus, pode explicar o relativamente baixo número de infeções e mortes.

In order toevaluate the SARS-CoV-2 related legislation in Angola, it is necessary to take into account the social, economic and demographic context of this Country, as well as explaining how the national health system functions, identifying its main fragilities. Angola's timely adopted measures against the Pandemic, combined with legislation designed to prevent the virus' dissemination, may explain the relatively low number of infections and deaths.

Para evaluar la producción legislativa relacionada con la pandemia SARS-CoV-2 en Angola, es necesario tener en cuenta el contexto socio-económico y demográfico de este país, así como explicar el funcionamiento del sistema nacional de saludangoleño. identificando sus principales debilidades. Angola actuó al comienzo de la lucha contra la Pandemia, lo que, junto con un cuerpo legislativo orientado a prevenir la propagación del virus, puede explicar el número relativamente bajo de infeccionesy muertes.

Desafios da educação médica e da investigação em saúde no contexto de angola / Challenges in medical education and healthcare research in Angola

Os apelos para reformas na educação médica são constantes e têm sido objeto de recomendações produzidas nos últimos cem anos, destacando-se as resultantes da avaliação crítica feita por Abraham Flexner, em 1910, nos Estados Unidos da América. No presente trabalho, abordam-se as tendências e os desafios atuais da educação médica e da investigação em saúde, com ênfase para os países em desenvolvimento, ressaltando-se a realidade africana. Com base na bibliografia consultada, apontam-se e discutem-se alguns desafios que se colocam ao binômio educação médica/investigação em saúde em Angola, muito em especial no contexto da II Região Acadêmica, que integra as províncias de Benguela e Kwanza Sul, destacando-se: (i) a necessidade de incorporar novas abordagens curriculares para o reforço da aprendizagem ao longo da vida; (ii) a aquisição e o desenvolvimento de competências de investigação científica orientadas para a caracterização e intervenção sobre a situação de saúde local; (iii) a inovação dos métodos de ensino e a incorporação de novas tecnologias na educação e prática médica; (iv) a contribuição para o reforço e melhoria da distribuição de médicos na região.

Calls for reforms to medical education are constant and have led to various recommendations over the last 100 years, especially those resulting from critical assessments made by Abraham Flexner in 1910 in the United States. In this paper, we discuss the trends and current challenges affecting medical education and healthcare research, with emphasis on developing countries, highlighting the African reality. Finally, based on the bibliography, we identify and discuss several challenges related to the binomial of medical education/healthcare research in Angola, particularly in the context of the Academic Region II, which includes the provinces of Benguela and Kwanza Sul. The challenges emphasize: (i) the need to incorporate new curricular approaches for strengthening lifelong learning, (ii) the acquisition and development of skills in scientific research aimed at characterizing and intervening in local health; (iii) the innovation in teaching methods and the incorporation of new technologies in education and medical practice and (iv) the contribution to strengthening and improving the distribution of physicians in the region.

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic level among public-sector workers in Angola.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the majority of developed and developing countries. African countries are currently facing an increase in both cardiovascular and transmitted diseases. In addition, cardiovascular risk varies among different socioeconomic groups. Thus, we determined the prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy public-sector workers and investigated possible relationships with socioeconomic status. METHODS: We employed a cross-sectional study comprising 42.2% (n = 615) of the public-sector workers at Agostinho Neto University, 48% (n = 294) male and 52% (n= 321) female, with ages between 20 and 72 years and from various socioeconomic groups. The study was conducted from February 2009 to December 2010. Personal, anthropometric, biochemical, hemodynamic, socioeconomic, and physical activity data were collected. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors were as follows: hypertension, 45.2% (men 46.3%, women 44.2%, P > 0.05); hypercholesterolemia, 11.1% (men 10.5%, women 11.5%, P > 0.05); low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, 50.1% (men 36.9%, women 62.3%; P < 0.05); hypertriglyceridemia, 10.6% (men 12.6%, women 8.7%, P > 0.05); smoking, 7.2% (men 10.2%, women 4.4%; P < 0.05); diabetes, 5.7% (men 5.5%, women 5.9%, P > 0.05); overweight, 29.3% (men 27.3%, women 31.2%, P > 0.05); obesity, 19.6% (men 9.2%, women 29.0%; P < 0.05); sedentary lifestyle, 87.2% (men 83.0%, women 91,0%, P < 0.05); and left ventricular hypertrophy, 20% (men 32.0%, women 9.0%; P < 0.05). At least one risk factor was present in 27.7% of the sample; 15.2% had two risk factors, and 31.4% had three or more risk factors. Among the individuals with low socioeconomic status, 41.0% had three or more risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest the existence of a high prevalence of multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy public-sector workers in Angola. The workers in lower socioeconomic groups had higher incidences of hypertension, smoking, and left ventricular hypertrophy.