RESUMO
Uptake of immunisations in children aged 1-2 years in Bungoma County, Kenya, was determined as part of the 6-monthly Health and Demographic Surveillance System surveys. A total of 2699 children were assessed between 2008 and 2011. During this time period, full immunisation declined significantly from 84% to 58%, and measles vaccine declined uptake from 89% to 60% (P < 0.001). Each year there was a significant fall-off for the third doses of the oral polio and pentavalent vaccines (P < 0.001). These findings are of concern, as low immunisation coverage may lead to vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks. Further investigations into the reasons for declining immunisation trends are required.
La couverture vaccinale des enfants de âgés de 1 à 2 ans dans la conté de Bungoma au Kenya a été déterminée dans le cadre d'un enquête du Système de surveillance sanitaire et démographique. Au total 2699 enfants ont été évalués de 2008 à 2011. Au cours de cette période, le taux de vaccination complète a diminué de façon significative, de 84% à 58%, et celui de la vaccination contre la rougeole de 89% à 60% (P < 0,001). Chaque année, on a constaté une chute de l'administration de la 3e dose du vaccin polio oral et du vaccin pentavalent (P < 0,001). Ces résultats sont préoccupants car cette faible couverture vaccinale pourrait conduire à des épidémies de maladies évitables. Il est nécessaire de faire d'autres investigations à la recherche des causes de ce déclin de la vaccination.
La vacunación de los niños de 1 a 2 años de edad en el condado de Bungoma, en Kenia, se investigó como parte de las encuestas semestrales del Sistema de Vigilancia Sanitaria y Demográfica. Se evaluaron 2699 niños del 2008 al 2011. Durante este período se observó una disminución considerable de la administración de un esquema completo de vacunación, de 84% a 58%, y la aplicación de la vacuna antisarampionosa disminuyó de 89% a 60% (P < 0,001). En cada año, se redujo de manera notable la administración de la tercera dosis de la vacuna antipoliomielítica oral y la vacuna pentavalente (P < 0,001). Estas observaciones son fuente de preocupación, pues una baja cobertura de vacunación puede dar origen a brotes epidémicos de enfermedades prevenibles. Se justifica la realización de nuevas investigaciones que aclaren las razones de esta tendencia decreciente de las vacunaciones.
RESUMO
Background. The intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are globally endemic, and they constitute the greatest cause of illness and disease worldwide. Transmission of IPIs occurs as a result of inadequate sanitation, inaccessibility to potable water, and poor living conditions. Objectives. To determine a baseline prevalence of IPIs among children of five years and below at Webuye Health and Demographic Surveillance (HDSS) area in western Kenya. Methods. Cross-sectional survey was used to collect data. Direct saline and formal-ether-sedimentation techniques were used to process the specimens. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square statistics were used to analyze the data. Results. A prevalence of 52.3% (417/797) was obtained with the male child slightly more infected than the female (53.5% versus 51%), but this was not significant (χ (2) = 0.482, P > 0.05). Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica were the most common pathogenic IPIs with a prevalence of 26.1% (208/797) and 11.2% (89/797), respectively. Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) were less common with a prevalence of 4.8% (38/797), 3.8% (30/797), and 0.13% (1/797) for Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, and Trichuris trichiura, respectively. Conclusions. Giardia lamblia and E. histolytica were the most prevalent pathogenic intestinal protozoa, while STHs were less common. Community-based health promotion techniques are recommended for controlling these parasites.
