RESUMO
To systematically define molecular features in human tumor cells that determine their degree of sensitivity to human allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells, we quantified the NK cell responsiveness of hundreds of molecularly annotated 'DNA-barcoded' solid tumor cell lines in multiplexed format and applied genome-scale CRISPR-based gene-editing screens in several solid tumor cell lines, to functionally interrogate which genes in tumor cells regulate the response to NK cells. In these orthogonal studies, NK cell-sensitive tumor cells tend to exhibit 'mesenchymal-like' transcriptional programs; high transcriptional signature for chromatin remodeling complexes; high levels of B7-H6 (NCR3LG1); and low levels of HLA-E/antigen presentation genes. Importantly, transcriptional signatures of NK cell-sensitive tumor cells correlate with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance in clinical samples. This study provides a comprehensive map of mechanisms regulating tumor cell responses to NK cells, with implications for future biomarker-driven applications of NK cell immunotherapies.
Assuntos
Citotoxicidade Imunológica/genética , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/fisiologia , Células Alógenas/fisiologia , Animais , Antígenos B7/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina/fisiologia , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade/métodos , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/fisiologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Genoma Humano , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Antígenos HLA-ERESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cancer is a complex disease with a lucid etiology and in understanding the causation, we need to appreciate this complexity. OBJECTIVE: Here we are aiming to gain insights into the genetic associations of prostate cancer through a network-based systems approach using the BC3Net algorithm. METHODS: Specifically, we infer a prostate cancer Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) from a large-scale gene expression data set of 333 patient RNA-seq profiles obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. RESULTS: We analyze the functional components of the inferred network by extracting subnetworks based on biological process information and interpret the role of known cancer genes within each process. Fur-thermore, we investigate the local landscape of prostate cancer genes and discuss pathological associa-tions that may be relevant in the development of new targeted cancer therapies. CONCLUSION: Our network-based analysis provides a practical systems biology approach to reveal the collective gene-interactions of prostate cancer. This allows a close interpretation of biological activity in terms of the hallmarks of cancer.
RESUMO
Innate immunity represents the first line of defense in animals. We report a genome-wide in vivo Drosophila RNA interference screen to uncover genes involved in susceptibility or resistance to intestinal infection with the bacterium Serratia marcescens. We first employed whole-organism gene suppression, followed by tissue-specific silencing in gut epithelium or hemocytes to identify several hundred genes involved in intestinal antibacterial immunity. Among the pathways identified, we showed that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway controls host defense in the gut by regulating stem cell proliferation and thus epithelial cell homeostasis. Therefore, we revealed multiple genes involved in antibacterial defense and the regulation of innate immunity.
