RESUMO
Superconductors are materials with zero electrical resistivity and the ability to expel magnetic fields, which is known as the Meissner effect. Their dissipationless diamagnetic response is central to magnetic levitation and circuits such as quantum interference devices. In this work, we used superconducting diamagnetism to shape the magnetic environment governing the transport of spin waves-collective spin excitations in magnets that are promising on-chip signal carriers-in a thin-film magnet. Using diamond-based magnetic imaging, we observed hybridized spin-wave-Meissner-current transport modes with strongly altered, temperature-tunable wavelengths and then demonstrated local control of spin-wave refraction using a focused laser. Our results demonstrate the versatility of superconductor-manipulated spin-wave transport and have potential applications in spin-wave gratings, filters, crystals, and cavities.
Assuntos
Fraturas Maxilares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Seio Maxilar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/diagnóstico , Adulto , Endoscópios , Feminino , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Humanos , Masculino , Seio Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Sinusite/diagnósticoRESUMO
Three methods of in vitro culture of human oesophageal epithelium were assessed which included the Bijou bottle, cell suspension and organ culture. The epithelium did not survive in the Bijou bottle and the cell suspension caused a growth of oesophageal fibroblasts. Organ culture proved to be the best method with survival up to ten days. Organ culture of human oesophageal epithelium provides an easy in vitro method of studying various cytotoxic factors which may play a role in reflux oesophagitis.
