[The functional modifications under the long-term adaptation to cold]. / Funktsional'nye izmeneniia pri adaptatsii organizma k kholodu.

The data on modifications and interrelation of the afferent and efferent parts of the thermoregulatory system under the long-term adaptation to cold are presented. The body of data evidences for the important role of the thermoreceptors in the adaptive changes of the cold-defense responses.

[Modulating effect of peripheral thermoreceptors on human respiration]. / Moduliruiushchee vliianie perifericheskikh termoretseptorov na dykhanie cheloveka.

Peripheral thermoreceptors substantially modulate respiratory parameters under normal and cooling conditions. Functional changes in peripheral thermoreceptors after cold adaptation promote alterations of the external respiratory system. Artificial modulation of the number of sensitive cold receptors by norepinephrine is shown by the pattern of a respiratory response to cooling. The pattern of respiration may be differently changed by affecting cold receptors of different sites. Thus, the possibility of initiating the same effector response does not mean that these sensors are equal in their responses. With a small number of effector organs in the body, the field of application of each effector is expanded due to the fact that they may be exposed to a variety of reception that differently modulating the function of an effector organ.

[Temperature sensitivity and the indicators of respiration in humans in the normal state and during local cooling]. / Temperaturnaia retseptsiia i pokazateli dykhaniia cheloveka v norme i pri lokal'nom okhlazhdenii.

The examination has shown that people who have many cold spots on the forearm possess high ventilation volume and breathing frequency and low value of oxygen utilization. These facts can evidence for the effect of cold skin receptors on the respiratory patterns. The skin temperature, at which the maximal cooling-induced changes of respiratory parameters are observed depends on the dynamic activity of cold skin thermoreceptors: the greater number of cold spots in the hand and forearm, the lesser cooling is necessary to cause the maximal increase of oxygen consumption and change of respiratory volume. The latter increased in the case of hand cooling and decreased in the case of the forearm cooling.