Possible indirect transmission of COVID-19 at a squash court, Slovenia, March 2020: case report.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, there is an ongoing debate and research regarding the possible ways of virus transmission. We conducted an epidemiological investigation which revealed a cluster of five COVID-19 cases, linked to playing squash at a sports venue in Maribor, Slovenia. Acquired data raises possibility that the transmission occurred indirectly through contaminated objects in changing room or squash hall or via aerosolisation in squash hall.

Oseltamivir prophylaxis in controlling influenza outbreak in nursing homes: a comparison between three different approaches.

PURPOSE: To assess influenza outbreaks in nursing homes (NHs) using different pharmacological preventive measures. METHODS: We compared characteristics of influenza A outbreaks that occurred during 2011/2012 influenza season in three NHs of similar size (208, 167, and 164 residents in NH1, NH2, and NH3, respectively) implementing comparable treatment approaches and non-pharmacological outbreak control measures but different prophylactic pharmacological interventions including oseltamivir 75 mg o.d. for 10 days for all residents (NH1), for directly exposed residents (NH2), and no prophylaxis (NH3). RESULTS: The proportions of residents who developed acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the course of influenza outbreak were 55/208 (26.4 %) in NH1, 64/167 (38.3 %) in NH2, and 31/164 (18.9 %) in NH3; hospital admission was required in 2/55 (3.6 %), 5/64 (7.8 %), and 5/31 (16.1 %) residents of NH1, NH2, and NH3, respectively, while 1/55 (1.8 %), 1/64 (1.6 %), and 3/31 (9.7 %) residents of the corresponding NHs died during influenza outbreak. The duration of the outbreak was shorter in the NH1 where oseltamivir prophylaxis was instituted for all residents (8 days), than in NHs where selective prophylaxis with oseltamivir and no prophylaxis were used (14 and 12 days, respectively). The calculated vaccine effectiveness in residents was 48, 71, and 44 % in NH1, NH2, and NH3, respectively. Staff members had similar ARI attack rate but in comparison to residents were less often vaccinated against influenza and demonstrated higher influenza vaccine effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of influenza outbreaks in three NHs revealed that the duration of the outbreak was the shortest in the NH where prophylaxis with oseltamivir was given to all residents.

Behaviour of membrane graphite electrodes in potentiometric titrations of reducing substances with bromine in acetic acid.

A platinum electrode, a Radelkis OP-C-7111D graphite electrode and a laboratory-prepared silicone-rubber-based membrane graphite electrode were used in potentiometric titrations of reducing substances with bromine in acetic acid. In determinations of hydroquinone, 2-methylhydroquinone, 2-chlorohydroquinone and ascorbic acid, the Radelkis electrode showed the greatest sensitivity. The advantage of the laboratory-prepared membrane graphite electrode lay in its rapid attainment of stable potential values. Titrations were improved by addition of potassium acetate to the solutions analysed. The effects of water and acetic anhydride on the results were also investigated.