A role of NLRP3 and MMP9 in migraine progression: a systematic review of translational study.

Background: Migraines affect one billion individuals globally, with a higher occurrence among young adults and women. A significant survey in the United States indicated that 17.1% of women and 5.6% of men suffer from migraines. This study seeks to investigate the potential connection between NLRP3 and MMP9 in migraine pathology. Methods: The research involved searching databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Proquest, with the search concluding on March 31, 2024. Following PRISMA guidelines, PICO data were collected, focusing exclusively on animal models induced by Nitroglycerine (10 mg/kg), while excluding clinical studies. Results: The study, originally registered in Prospero Reg. No. CRD42022355893, conducted bias analysis using SYRCLE's RoB tool and evaluated author consensus using GraphPad v9.5.1. Out of 7,359 search results, 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. Inter-rater reliability among reviewers was assessed using Cohen's kappa statistics. Conclusion: This review summarizes 22 preclinical studies on Nitroglycerin (NTG), NLRP3, MMP9, and related biomarkers in migraine. They reveal that NTG, especially at 10 mg/kg, consistently induces migraine-like symptoms in rodents by activating NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulating proinflammatory molecule production. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42022355893.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of novel polyherbal formulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver using Wistar rats.

Aim: This study assessed the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of a novel polyherbal formulation tablet in Wistar rats Materials & methods: Acute toxicity and sub-chronic toxicity was assessed following OECD (Organisation for the Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines based on 423 and 408. Results & conclusion: No mortality and toxicity showed in rats during acute toxicity. The LD50 of the extract was at 2000 mg/kg. In sub-chronic study, both sex rats were orally administered at 250, 500,1000 and 2000 mg/kg for 90 days and revealed no significant difference (p < 0.05) in hematological and other parameters compared with the control. Histopathology study did not reveal morphological alteration. The No observed adverse effect level of the tablet was observed until 2000 mg/kg.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects around 25% of individuals globally and has become the most common long-term liver problem. The reasons why people get this disease can be different for each person. By studying natural substances, scientists have discovered that some compounds help treat the disease some of these substances can also be harmful. By studying natural substances, scientists have discovered that some compounds help treat the disease some of these substances can also be harmful. People are also trying out traditional medicines more and more, and we need to make sure they're safe. To determine whether a medication is secure, we conducted experiments in accordance with the OECD guidelines. One test examines whether a high dose of the drug is lethal. The goal is to determine the optimal dose, which is neither too low nor too excessive. Another test investigated what happens if these rats take the medicine every day for a long time. Variables such as blood tests and tissue samples are collected to make sure the medicine does not make the rats sick. In this case, we tested a medicine called a 'PHF tablet' for 90 days, and it didn't make the animals sick. They found that you can take a relatively high dose without any adverse effects.

Effect of Per and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances on Pregnancy and Child Development.

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is significantly influenced by maternal exposure to Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) during pregnancy. PFAS exposure occurs through the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR-γ) receptor, leading to increased fat deposition and profound health effects in child growth and development. Despite ongoing investigations, the relationship between maternal serum PFAS concentration and child obesity requires further exploration. OBJECTIVE: This study aimedto review the possible effects of Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances exposure and their mechanism in overweight/obese children from pregnant ladies. METHODS: A detailed literature survey was conducted using online databases, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed. The study focused on the diverse effects of PFAS on maternal and child health, with particular emphasis on neurological complications. RESULTS: Child growth development depends upon breastfeeding and placenta health, which is disrupted by PFAS exposure, ultimately destroying the body mass index of the child. Neurotoxicity testing utilized the SH-SY5Y human-derived cell line as an in vitro model, revealing PFAS-induced increases in adipocyte number, reduced cell size, altered lipid conglomeration, increased adiposity, and changes in liver function. in vivo studies in mice and human cell lines indicated PPAR-γ and ER-α activation, leading to adiposity and weight gain through Estrogen signaling and Lipid metabolism. PFAS concentrations positively correlated in maternal sera, analyzed by liquid chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: PFAS, with a long half-life of 3.5-8.5 years, is commonly found in the serum of pregnant women, crossing the placenta barrier. This exposure disrupts placental homeostasis, negatively impacting mechanisms of action and potentially leading to deterioration in pregnancy and child health. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the complex interplay between PFAS exposure and its implications for maternal and child well-being.

GC-MS based metabolite profiling, antioxidant and antiurolithiatic properties of apple cider vinegar.

Aim: To perform in vitro analysis of antioxidant and antiurolithiasis to carry out GC-MS-based metabolite profile. Materials & methods: The effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) in vitro, antioxidant and GC-MS analysis was evaluated. The antioxidant studies were performed. In vitro techniques included nucleation, aggregation and growth assay. Results & conclusion: The presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and carbohydrates was shown. Concentrations from 5-30 µg/ml could dissolve calcium oxalate (p < 0.05) in vitro. The IC50 value of ACV in DPPH was found to be around 7 µg/ml and the IC50 value of the ACV in ABTS assay was around 9 µg/ml. Different phytocompounds were obtained from GC-MS analysis. ACV can be consumed to prevent kidney stones which seems helpful to the current therapy.

Due to the modern lifestyle, urolithiasis continues to be a global medical burden and is getting worse every day and seems to have a very high recurrence rate. Urolithiasis can be managed with the pharmacotherapy of drugs and the usage of medicinal plants and nutraceuticals. The effect of apple juice products on urine physiology has been studied profoundly. The product thus obtained was examined for antioxidant assay using DPPH and in vitro antiurolithiasis activity. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) exhibited dose-dependent radical scavenging activity against free radicals. The ACV demonstrated a substantial suppression of the DPPH radical in the DPPH assay. ACV could be a potential source of a natural antioxidant drink based on in vitro, phytochemical and GC­MS analysis which was noteworthy and thus can be used as a therapeutic agent against bladder stones.

Perspectives of ozone induced neuropathology and memory decline in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of preclinical evidences.

This systematic review aims to discover the plausible mechanism of Ozone in A.D., to boost translational research. The main focus of our review lies in understanding the effects of ozone pollution on the human brain and causing degenerative disease. Owing to the number of works carried out as preclinical evidence in association with oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease and the lack of systematic review or meta-analysis prompted us to initiate a study on Alzheimer's risk due to ground-level ozone. We found relevant studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Proquest, DOAJ, and Scopus, narrowing to animal studies and the English language without any time limit. The searches will be re-run before the final analysis. This work was registered in Prospero with Reg ID CRD42022319360, followed the PRISMA-P framework, and followed the PICO approach involving Population, Intervention/Exposure, Comparison, and Outcomes data. Bibliographic details of 16 included studies were studied for Exposure dose of ozone, duration, exposure, and frequency with control and exposure groups. Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed based on pathology significance, and results were significant in inducing Alzheimer-like pathology by ozone. In conclusion, ozone altered oxidative stress, metabolic pathway, and amyloid plaque accumulation besides endothelial stress response involving mitochondria as the critical factor in ATP degeneration, caspase pathway, and neuronal damage. Thus, ozone is a criteria pollutant to be focused on in mitigating Alzheimer's Disease pathology.