Transformative Potential and Healthcare Applications of 3D Printing.

Additive manufacturing, sometimes referred to as 3D printing or AM, has numerous applications in industries like manufacturing, aviation, aerospace, vehicles, and education. It has recently made considerable inroads into the healthcare industry, backed by technology breakthroughs such as fused deposition modeling, binder jetting, and inkjet printing. A variety of biomaterials, such as polycaprolactone, polycarbonate, polypropylene, and polylactic acid, have contributed to this increase. This essay delves into the revolutionary possibilities of 3D printing in healthcare, to shed light on the idea of customized medications via the improvement of efficiency and cost. Researchers are using polymers and additive manufacturing to make customized medical devices. However, obstacles including bureaucratic hurdles, technological developments, and the choice of appropriate materials and printers stand in the way of widespread implementation. To fully realize the promise of 3D printing in healthcare, these challenges must be overcome. The article highlights the revolutionary potential of 3D printing in healthcare by following its development from art and construction to customized drugs and patient-specific medical equipment. In addition to addressing issues like quality control and technological limitations, it emphasizes its wide range of applications in surgical planning, dentistry, and anatomical models. The necessity of adapting regulations and instructional programs is highlighted by discussing future trends like bioprinting and FDA-approved innovations. In order to properly utilize 3D printing in healthcare, this adaption is essential. Personalized prescriptions and increased efficacy from the incorporation of 3D printing could revolutionize the healthcare industry. But even with these advances, problems like choosing the right materials and getting over administrative roadblocks prevent widespread implementation. These challenges need to be successfully overcome for 3D printing in healthcare to reach its full potential.

3D Printed Nanosensors for Cancer Diagnosis: Advances and Future Perspective.

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, requiring continuous advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Traditional methods often lack sensitivity and specificity, leading to the need for new methods. 3D printing has emerged as a transformative tool in cancer diagnosis, offering the potential for precise and customizable nanosensors. These advancements are critical in cancer research, aiming to improve early detection and monitoring of tumors. In current times, the usage of the 3D printing technique has been more prevalent as a flexible medium for the production of accurate and adaptable nanosensors characterized by exceptional sensitivity and specificity. The study aims to enhance early cancer diagnosis and prognosis by developing advanced 3D-printed nanosensors using 3D printing technology. The research explores various 3D printing techniques, design strategies, and functionalization strategies for cancer-specific biomarkers. The integration of these nanosensors with detection modalities like fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is also evaluated. The study explores the use of inkjet printing, stereolithography, and fused deposition modeling to create nanostructures with enhanced performance. It also discusses the design and functionalization methods for targeting cancer indicators. The integration of 3D-printed nanosensors with multiple detection modalities, including fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, enables rapid and reliable cancer diagnosis. The results show improved sensitivity and specificity for cancer biomarkers, enabling early detection of tumor indicators and circulating cells. The study highlights the potential of 3D-printed nanosensors to transform cancer diagnosis by enabling highly sensitive and specific detection of tumor biomarkers. It signifies a pivotal step forward in cancer diagnostics, showcasing the capacity of 3D printing technology to produce advanced nanosensors that can significantly improve early cancer detection and patient outcomes.

Global status, recent trends, and knowledge mapping of olive oil research and cardiovascular disease: 50 years of investigations through bibliometric analysis.

In the Mediterranean diet, olive oil serves as the predominant fat source and has been linked to a decreased risk of mortality related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Still, there is no conclusive evidence correlating olive oil consumption to CVD. The aim of this study is to assess the global research, current research trends, and knowledge mapping related to the correlation between the consumption of olive oil and CVD using bibliometric analysis. On August 19, 2023, a title-specific literature search was conducted on the Scopus database using the search terms "olive oil" and "cardiovascular disease" with a date range of the past 50 years. Subsequently, bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer and Bibliometrix were employed to analyze and evaluate the obtained documents. The search yielded (n = 429) publications and showed an upward trend in the annual publication count over the last five decades. The publication number exhibited a gradual increase with a rate of 5.55%. The results also indicated that 2530 authors, 759 institutions, 47 countries, and 223 journals have publications in this research domain. The present bibliometric study will be a valuable research reference for describing the worldwide research patterns concerning the relationship between olive oil and CVD during the past 50 years. In the future, the application of olive oil for the treatment of CVDs may be an emerging research trend. Apart from this, collaborations among authors, countries, and organizations are expected.

Preconditioning with ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate augments aerobic respiration in rat skeletal muscle.

Muscle respiratory capacity decides the amount of exertion one's skeletal muscle can undergo, and endurance exercise is believed to increase it. There are also certain preconditioning methods by which muscle respiratory and exercise performance can be enhanced. In this study, preconditioning with ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB), a prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme inhibitor, has been investigated to determine its effect on aerobic metabolism and bioenergetics in skeletal muscle, thus facilitating boost in physical performance in a rat model. We observed that EDHB supplementation increases aerobic metabolism via upregulation of HIF-mediated GLUT1 and GLUT4, thus enhancing glucose uptake in muscles. There was also a twofold rise in the activity of enzymes of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis, ie, hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. There was an increase in citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase activity, resulting in the rise in the levels of ATP due to enhanced Krebs cycle activity as substantiated by enhanced acetyl-CoA levels in EDHB-treated rats as compared to control group. Increased lactate dehydrogenase activity, reduced expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1, and increase in monocarboxylate transporter 4 suggest transport of lactate from muscle to blood. There was a concomitant decrease in plasma lactate, which might be due to enhanced transport of lactate from blood to the liver. This was further supported by the rise in liver pyruvate levels and liver glycogen levels in EDHB-supplemented rats as compared to control rats. These results suggest that EDHB supplementation leads to improved physical performance due to the escalation of aerobic respiration quotient, ie, enhanced muscle respiratory capacity.

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB): a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor attenuates acute hypobaric hypoxia mediated vascular leakage in brain.

Sudden exposure to altitude hypoxia is responsible for acute mountain sickness (AMS) in un-acclimatized persons. If not treated in time, AMS can worsen and leads to high altitude cerebral edema, which can be fatal. Present study explores the efficacy of ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB), a prolyl hydroxylase enzyme inhibitor, in modulating adaptive responses to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) in rat brain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with EDHB (75 mg/kg for 3 days), were subjected to acute HH exposure at 9144 m (30,000 ft) for 5 h. Animals were assessed for transvascular leakage and edema formation in brain and role of key inflammatory markers along with hypoxia responsive genes. HH stress increased transvascular permeability and edema formation in conjunction with upregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its regulated proteins. There was surge in pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and decrement in anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Further, upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a vascular permeability marker and down-regulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proteins hemoxygenase (HO-1) and metallothionein (MT-1) was also observed under hypoxia. EDHB supplementation effectively scaled down HH induced cerebral edema with concomitant downregulation of brain NF-κB expression. There was significant curtailment of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. There was significant downregulation of permeability factor VEGF by EDHB with concomitant increment in hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1α) and anti-inflammatory proteins HO-1 and MT-1 compared to HH control thus accentuating the potential of EDHB as effective hypoxic preconditioning agent in ameliorating HH mediated injury in brain.