Effect of Addition of Incipient Carious Lesions in Caries Diagnostic Criteria on Prevalence of Caries in North Indian Preschool Children of East Lucknow Region.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the addition of incipient carious lesions into the WHO caries index on the prevalence of caries in preschoolers of East Lucknow city. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 530 participants in the age-group of 3-6 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants were randomly selected from nursery schools of the East Lucknow region. The dental caries status was assessed according to WHO and Ekstrand's criteria. In addition, the prevalence of cavitated and incipient carious lesions was also evaluated. The data were then subjected to statistical analysis. STATISTICS: Chi-square test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed to carry out statistical analysis. p value < 0.005 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of 530 participants examined, caries prevalence by WHO and Ekstrand's criteria was (36.8%) and (57.4%), respectively. The mean dmft values according to WHO criteria and Ekstrand's criteria were 1.16 and 1.60, respectively. The prevalence of cavitated carious lesions was higher (66.27%) when compared with that of incipient carious lesions (33.73%). CONCLUSION: A significant number of incipient carious lesions observed in the present study is an indication to include these lesions in caries diagnostic criteria. This would help in determining the exact prevalence of caries and aid in implementing proper preventive protocols for remineralization of incipient carious lesions. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Asad F, Singh N, Rathore M, et al. Effect of Addition of Incipient Carious Lesions in Caries Diagnostic Criteria on Prevalence of Caries in North Indian Preschool Children of East Lucknow Region. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(5):644-647.

Admission to hospital for injury during COVID-19 alert level restrictions.

AIM: To assess the effects of the community lockdown phases on trauma-related admissions to Midland region hospitals over the period 15 February to 10 July 2020, and to compare volume variation with the same period in the previous three years. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study of prospectively collected data from the Midland Trauma Registry in New Zealand. RESULTS: There was a 36.7% (p<.00001) reduction in injury admissions during Alert Level 4 ('Lockdown') compared with the same period in 2017, 2018 and 2019. This was in the context of volume increases during the pre-lockdown period (17.8%, p<.00001) and a 'rebound' as restrictions eased. There was an increase in injuries occurring at home (28.3%, p<.00001) and on footpaths (37.9%, p=0.00076), while there was a decline in events on roads (33.0%, p=0.017), at schools (75.0%, p<.00001) and in sports areas (79.7%, p<.00001). Falls remained the dominant mechanism of injury in 2020, contributing 39.9% of all hospitalisations. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in hospital admissions during alert levels 4 and 3 was short lived, with a rebound evident when restrictions eased. Hospital resources have been strained because this rebound coincided with a planned 'catch up' on healthcare that was delayed during the higher community restriction levels.

Oral mucocele in infant with an unusual presentation.

Mucocele is a benign lesion characterised by an extravasation or retention of mucous secretion in submucosal tissue from minor salivary glands. The occurrence of mucocele is common in the oral cavity, with more than 70% of cases on lower labial mucosa. The occurrence of mucocele on the tongue is considered rare and accounted for only 2.25% in the previous literature. Histopathological examination plays a great role in the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis. Management of mucocele is at times challenging. This paper highlights a rare case of mucocele in a 5-month-old infant who was successfully managed under day-care anaesthesia.

Impact of early childhood caries on quality of life: Child and parent perspectives.

BACKGROUND: The aim of present study was to examine early childhood caries' impact on oral health-related quality of life from children's self report and parental perception. METHODS: 200 healthy children in the age group of 3-5 years and their parents/guardians were enrolled in the study. 100 children diagnosed with early childhood caries (interventional group) and 100 children without caries (control group) along with their parents/guardians participated in face to face interview and responded to Michigan oral health related quality of life scale - child and parent version. Four weeks after full mouth rehabilitation children with ECC and their parents responded to a survey for a follow-up assessment. Data was analyzed and evaluated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21.0 statistical software and Chi square test. RESULTS: In our study we have found that ECC subjects had poorer oral health-related quality of life compared to caries free subjects. Further one month follow up after complete treatment, the oral health-related QoL improved significantly in ECC children. CONCLUSIONS: Early childhood caries has a definite negative impact on the OHRQoL of children. At one month follow up after complete oral rehabilitation, the quality of life improved significanty as assessed by children's self reports as well as parental perceptions of their child's OHRQoL.

Influence of parental authority in development of dental fear among adolescents.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dental fear among adolescents may be associated with parenting style, however, there is little research of its effect in the Indian population. Hence, this study was planned to explore the association between dental fear and parental authority and to analyze the most common parenting style practiced in India. METHODS: 43 participants in the age group of 12-18 years were enrolled in the study after their parents informed consent. Data regarding: demographic details, number of visits to dental clinic, Modified version of Child Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale, and Parental Authority Questionnaire scores were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Dental fear score was most in males who had visited the dental clinic less than 5 times (53.4 ±â€¯11.04). The dental fear reduced significantly with increase in number of visits in dental clinic. The dental fear was significantly more in 12-15 years of age group than in 16-18 years age group.There was a direct co relation of dental fear with authoritarian parents and inversely related with authoritative and permissive parenting. Parenting style showed that most of the mothers were authoritarian (39.53%), authoritative (32.56%) and the least were permissive (23.26%) types. Similarly, fathers were authoritarian (36.58%), Authoritative (26.82%) and Permissive (17.07%). CONCLUSION: Authoritarian parenting style is the most prevalent parenting style witnessed amongst both mothers and fathers in the Indian culture. High dental fear in children is directly associated with authoritarian parents while inversely with authoritative and permissive parenting style. The study recommends permissive parenting style for mothers and authoritative for fathers to reduce dental fear among their children.

Cycling-related injuries and cycling promotion: a trauma service perspective.

AIM: Current policy direction seeks to promote participation in both recreational and active transport cycling. We evaluate cycling-related injuries resulting in hospital admission across the Midland Region of New Zealand to establish injury trends. METHOD: A retrospective review of anonymised prospectively-collected trauma registry data from 1 June 2012 to 31 July 2016 in the Midland Region. Cases include patients hospitalised with cycling-related injuries. RESULTS: Nine hundred and ninety-eight cyclists were admitted to hospital (2012-2016). Admission volumes increased approximately 16.8% per year, major trauma by 11.9% and non-major trauma by 17.8%. Overall, 66.7% of admissions were for people aged over 20 years and 73.4% were for males. The participation-adjusted annual injury rate was 78.4 per 100,000. This masked considerable variation by gender, age group and injury severity. CONCLUSION: Hospital admission volumes and rates are rising with underlying variation in patient demography, place and severity of injury. Current policy direction to grow cycling participation based on the health, environmental and economic benefits is ahead of the implementation of safer cycling infrastructure, creating a timing lag. From a regional hospital-based trauma service perspective, this timing lag needs due consideration if the full benefits of increasing participation are to be realised.

A comparative assessment of intranasal and oral dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation in pediatric dental patients.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of intranasal and oral dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation in pediatric dental patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four uncooperative American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade-I children, requiring dental treatment were randomly divided into four groups who received different doses of dexmedetomidine through intranasal and oral routes. The vital signs were monitored continuously during each visit. RESULTS: In this study, significant (P < 0.05) differences were found in the onset of sedation, duration, and recovery time between intranasal and oral groups. All vital signs were within normal physiological limits with no significant adverse effects in either of the groups. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective agent for procedural sedation in pediatric dental patients with intranasal route having distinct advantages over oral route.

Long-term effects of traumatic dental injuries of primary dentition on permanent successors: A retrospective study of 596 teeth.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Traumatic dental injuries of the primary dentition (TDI-p) have a global prevalence of approximately 11%-47%. They have immediate and long-term effects. Original research analysing the long-term sequelae of TDI-p on permanent dentition (LSP) are few in number. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between age of TDI-p, type of TDI-p and LSP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patient data from 2008-2017, reporting with LSP due to TDI-p, was performed. Uniform protocols and complete radiographic-photographic records were analysed. There were 638 LSP reported with 596 teeth having complete records. RESULTS: There were 286 children with 153 males (53.5%) and 133 females (46.5%). Mean age of TDI-p causing LSP was 36.57 ± 11.51 months, with severity increasing in the younger age group. The highest number of LSP was associated with avulsion injuries (218, 36.58%), and the odds ratio of the type of TDI-p affect the severity of LSP was 2.0163. Mean age of reporting was 8.54 ± 2.19 years and was lowest for enamel discolorations. Most LSP were not associated with any associated feature (AF), although impaction was highest among all AF (63, 10.57%). CONCLUSION: Age and type of TDI-p affect LSP, with the former being the stronger determinant of its severity. Mean age of reporting of LSP is dependent upon both type of LSP and AF. LSP due to TDI-p can further be graded in terms of severity.

Comparative Evaluation of Electronic Apex Locators and Radiovisiography for Working Length Determination in Primary Teeth in vivo.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different varieties of electronic apex locators and radiovisiography (RVG) for working length determination in primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 primary teeth indicated for pulpectomy in children aged 3 to 8 years were randomly selected and subjected to working length determination using two varieties of electronic apex locators and RVG separately. The data were then subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: A very strong correlation between electronic measurement methods and RVG length was observed. CONCLUSION: Radiovisiography and apex locators are equally effective in determining working length in primary teeth. How to cite this article: Abdullah A, Singh N, Rathore MS, Tandon S, Rajkumar B. Comparative Evaluation of Electronic Apex Locators and Radiovisiography for Working Length Determination in Primary Teeth in vivo. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):118-123.

Corpus alienum on hard palate - An unusual "misdiagnosis" of foreign body: A case report.

Corpus alienum or foreign body on hard palate is a rare presentation and often associated with a scare secondary to misdiagnosis. The potential dangers of respiratory obstruction, mucosal tear, nasopharyngeal inflammation and gastro-intestinal bleeding make these non-invasive foreign bodies, life threatening. A case report of a three year old girl with a 2.5cm×2cm plastic sticker lodged on hard palate for four months and misdiagnosed as salivary gland tumor has been reported along with a literature review.

A comparative evaluation of oral midazolam with other sedatives as premedication in pediatric dentistry.

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of orally administered midazolam in children as a sedative agent and to compare it with two other older agents, triclofos and promethazine. The study was conducted on ninety child patients requiring some short dental procedure. All the patients were with a good physical status (ASA-I). The ages ranged between 3 and 9 years. The patients were randomized into three study groups: Group 1, midazolam, Group II, triclofos and Group III, promethazine, on the basis of the drugs to be administered. After administration of drugs in each group, the effects were evaluated in terms of onset of action, sedative effect, ease of treatment completion, recovery time and postoperative amnesia. Midazolam was found to be the best drug among the three to produce conscious sedation in children.