Telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the mandible-A rare case report and an insight into differential diagnosis.

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) is a rare variant of osteosarcoma that typically affects young individuals and long bones. The case under discussion was seen in the mandible of a 57-year-old female and had rapidly grown in size within a week. Microscopically, the tumour was characterised by large vascular cavities surrounded by anaplastic cells. Thin lacy tumour osteoid was observed at various foci. Abundant multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells along with areas of necrosis were also noted. The tumour cells were positive for SATB2, while negative for Cytokeratin AE1/3, CD 34. Ki-67 positivity was observed in more than 50% of tumour cells. A diagnosis of high grade telangiectatic osteosarcoma was thus made.

Does Mandibular Condylar Morphology After Fracture Healing Predict Functional Outcomes in Patients Treated With Closed Reduction?

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to assess the healing temporomandibular joint morphology and function after closed treatment of unilateral mandibular condylar fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective interventional cohort study was designed in patients recruited from the outpatient department who underwent closed reduction for unilateral condylar fractures, and mean mouth opening, mean maximum protrusion, laterotrusion, and radiological pattern of healing were noted. RESULTS: Forty patients in the age group of 18-50 years (mean 24.5 years) were included. The difference between the pretreatment mean mouth opening (26.94 mm), mean maximum protrusion (1.22 mm), and laterotrusion (3.82 mm and 1.45 mm) values and the 6-month post-treatment values (46.3 mm, 4.45 mm, and 11.82 mm and 9.82 mm, respectively) was found to be statistically significant (P < .001). Deranged pretreatment occlusion seen in 20 cases was improved in 18 patients (85%) at the 6-month post-treatment visit, with persisting malocclusion in 2 patients (5%). Clinically, cases that had healed with the anatomical pattern (M1) were found to have significantly better clinical outcomes (P value < .05) than that achieved with cases healed with spherical pattern (M2), L-shaped pattern (M3), or detached pattern (M4). On radiographs, the greatest improvement (21.16 mm) in mean mouth opening values was seen in the M1 group (anatomical pattern), followed by similar improvement in groups M2 and M3 (18.39 and 18.66 mm, respectively). Least improvement (7.06 mm) was seen in the single case of the M4 group (detached pattern), although the 6-month post-treatment value was still an acceptable one (34 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Favorable functional outcomes can be achieved after closed treatment, including adequate mouth opening, pain-free jaw excursions, and stable occlusion, with the anatomical healing pattern showing the most superior results and the detached pattern being associated with relatively poorer outcomes compared with other healing patterns.