Point biserial correlation symbiotic organism search nanoengineering based drug delivery for tumor diagnosis.

Nanoparticulate systems have the prospect of accounting for a new making of drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology is manifested to traverse the hurdle of both physical and biological sciences by implementing nanostructures indistinct fields of science, particularly in nano-based drug delivery. The low delivery efficiency of nanoparticles is a critical obstacle in the field of tumor diagnosis. Several nano-based drug delivery studies are focused on for tumor diagnosis. But, the nano-based drug delivery efficiency was not increased for tumor diagnosis. This work proposes a method called point biserial correlation symbiotic organism search nanoengineering-based drug delivery (PBC-SOSN). The objective and aim of the PBC-SOSN method is to achieve higher drug delivery efficiency and lesser drug delivery time for tumor diagnosis. The contribution of the PBC-SOSN is to optimized nanonengineering-based drug delivery with higher r drug delivery detection rate and smaller drug delivery error detection rate. Initially, raw data acquired from the nano-tumor dataset, and nano-drugs for glioblastoma dataset, overhead improved preprocessed samples are evolved using nano variational model decomposition-based preprocessing. After that, the preprocessed samples as input are subjected to variance analysis and point biserial correlation-based feature selection model. Finally, the preprocessed samples and features selected are subjected to symbiotic organism search nanoengineering (SOSN) to corroborate the objective. Based on these findings, point biserial correlation-based feature selection and a symbiotic organism search nanoengineering were tested for their modeling performance with a nano-tumor dataset and nano-drugs for glioblastoma dataset, finding the latter the better algorithm. Incorporated into the method is the potential to adjust the drug delivery detection rate and drug delivery error detection rate of the learned method based on selected features determined by nano variational model decomposition for efficient drug delivery.

Role of vitreous cytology in the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A report of an unusual presentation.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the brain, spinal cord, meninges, intraocular compartment, and cranial nerves. Intraocular lymphoma (IOL) is a rare subtype of PCNSL. Intravitreal involvement by a PCNSL is an infrequent but potentially fatal event. The role of vitreous cytology in diagnosing IOLs is vital but has been sporadically described in the literature due to its variable sensitivity. Herein, we present a case of PCNSL, who primarily presented with ocular symptoms and could be accurately diagnosed based on vitreous cytology and subsequently confirmed on stereotactic brain biopsy.

The Genetics of Ethambutol-Induced Optic Neuropathy: A Narrative Review.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem with the major brunt of disease occurring in developing countries. The cornerstone of treatment of TB is anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), which includes rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. Because of emerging drug resistance, treatment failures, defaulters and increasing incidence of disseminated and extrapulmonary TB, the guidelines have been modified in some countries. Ethambutol is prescribed for longer times (in some cases >8 months) and hence the incidence of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EtON) is expected to rise. The fundamental question which needs explanation is why only a small subset of patients on ethambutol are prone to develop loss of vision. This review focuses on available genetic studies which provide evidence that mitochondria are the likely substrates involved in the final pathway of reactive oxidative damage of the papillo-macular bundle. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial mutations encoding genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathways may help in isolating the subset of patients who are genetically susceptible. If the groups having high risk of developing EtON are recognised then prolonged duration of ethambutol treatment can be avoided in these susceptible individuals. A better understanding of the pathophysiology will also pave the way for the development of management strategies in this condition.

Clinical Profile of Patients with Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON): An Ambispective Study of North Indian Cohorts.

Background: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disease resulting in irreversible visual loss usually in patients belonging to the age group of 15-35 years. Clinically, the patients present with sequential or bilateral, painless, progressive visual loss with central (or ceco-central) scotomas. Although the three mutations, namely, G11778A, T14484C, and G3460A contribute to >95% of LHON cases globally, the relative frequency of each mutation varies. Aims and Objectives: We aimed to assess the clinical and genetic profile of patients with mutation-positive LHON at a north Indian tertiary care center. Materials and Methodology: One hundred sixty-one patients (61 prospective and 100 retrospective) presenting with the clinical diagnosis of LHON were screened for the three known mitochondrial mutations (G1178A, G3460A, T14448C). Patients were assessed for detailed clinical, ophthalmological, and neurological examinations. Five milliliter of blood sample was taken to assess the three known mutations using DNA isolation and Sanger sequencing. Results and Discussion: Clinical profile of 83 patients with both positive and negative mutations was analyzed. Twenty-three out of 161 patients (14.3%) tested positive for either of the three mutations. The majority of the patients harbored G11778A mutation (56.52%) followed by T14484C (34.78%) and G3460A (8.69%). No statistical difference could be noted between the clinical profiles of mutation-negative and -positive patients.