A Streamlined, Green, and Sustainable Synthesis of the Anticancer Agent Erdafitinib.

Erdafitinib, an anticancer drug, was synthesized in a three-step two-pot sequence involving ppm levels of Pd catalyst run under aqueous micellar conditions enabled by a biodegradable surfactant. This process features both pot- and time-economies and eliminates egregious organic solvents and toxic reagents associated with existing routes.

Lipase-catalyzed esterification in water enabled by nanomicelles. Applications to 1-pot multi-step sequences.

Esterification in an aqueous micellar medium is catalyzed by a commercially available lipase in the absence of any co-factors. The presence of only 2 wt% designer surfactant, TPGS-750-M, assists in a 100% selective enzymatic process in which only primary alcohols participate (in a 1 : 1 ratio with carboxylic acid). An unexpected finding is also disclosed where the simple additive, PhCF3 (1 equiv. vs. substrate), appears to significantly extend the scope of usable acid/alcohol combinations. Taken together, several chemo- and bio-catalyzed 1-pot, multi-step reactions can now be performed in water.

Nanomicelle-enhanced, asymmetric ERED-catalyzed reductions of activated olefins. Applications to 1-pot chemo- and bio-catalysis sequences in water.

Bio-catalytic reactions involving ene-reductases (EREDs) in tandem with chemo-catalysis in water can be greatly enhanced by the presence of nanomicelles derived from the surfactant TPGS-750-M. Transformations are provided that illustrate the variety of sequences now possible in 1-pot as representative examples of this environmentally attractive approach to organic synthesis.

Nickel Nanoparticle Catalyzed Mono- and Di-Reductions of gem-Dibromocyclopropanes Under Mild, Aqueous Micellar Conditions.

Mild mono- and di-hydrodehalogenative reductions of gem-dibromocyclopropanes are described, providing an easy and green approach towards the synthesis of cyclopropanes. The methodology utilizes 0.5-5 mol % TMPhen-nickel as the catalyst, which, when activated with a hydride source such as sodium borohydride, cleanly and selectively dehalogenates dibromocyclopropanes. Double reduction proceeds in a single operation at temperatures between 20-45 °C and at atmospheric pressure in an aqueous designer surfactant medium. At lower loading and either in the absence of ligand or in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridine, this new technology can also be used to gain access to not only monobrominated cyclopropanes, interesting building blocks for further use in synthesis, but also mono- or di-deuterated analogues. Taken together, this base-metal-catalyzed process provides access to cyclopropyl-containing products and is achieved under environmentally responsible conditions.