RESUMO
Long- lasting alterations in brain gene expression in alcohol addiction have been determined although no clear mechanism has yet been elucidated. There exist many factors regulating the mechanism of gene expression. We aimed in this study to detect miRNA (microRNA) and mRNA expression profile at the specific brain regions regarding ethanol exposure and withdrawal. Rats were exposed to liquid alcohol consumption for 21 days. Oligonucleotides microarrays and bioinformatics analyses were used to identify gene expression, miRNA expression and their functions in the Prefrontal cortex, Hippocampus and Corpus striatum of wistar rats. A bioinformatics strategy with microarray analysis, quantitative real time PCR, bioinformatics and mRNA (messenger RNA) miRNA- miRNA integrative analyses revealed that expression models interact with neuroplasticity and synaptic processes. Those significantly changed after ethanol exposure and withdrawal processes included 160 mRNAs and 29 rat-miRNAs at prefrontal cortex, 142 mRNAs and 26 rat-miRNAs at hippocampus, and 143 mRNAs and 30 rat-miRNAs at corpus striatum. Gene ontology and ingenuity pathway analyses revealed that most of the altered genes were responsible for synaptic plasticity, neuron differentiation, chromatin organization and some certain important signaling pathways. In conclusion, consistent and integrated variations in miRNA expression and in their focus mRNAs in rat brain were noted after alcohol exposure and withdrawal. Besides, understanding the molecular mechanisms of alcohol abuse will no doubt guide to development of significant cure methods for addiction. We are of the opinion that our findings may shed light on classification of novel biomarkers.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Etanol/farmacologia , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/genética , Alcoolismo/genética , Animais , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Ontologia Genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Modelos Genéticos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In this study, starch and polycaprolactone (PCL), composite nanofibers were fabricated by co-axial needle electrospinning technique. Processing parameters such as polymer concentration, flow rate and voltage had a marked influence on the composite fiber diameter. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical and physical properties (such as density, viscosity and electrical conductivity) of the composite fibres were evaluated. Moreover, a cell culture test was performed in order to determine their cytotoxicity for wound dressing application. RESULTS: The effect of starch ratio in the solution on the properties and morphological structure of the fibers produced was presented. With lower starch concentration values, the fibers have greater ultimate tensile strength characteristic (mostly 4 and 5 wt%). According to SEM results, it can be figured out that the nanofibers fabricated have good spinnability and morphology. The mean diameter of the fibers is about 150 nm. According to results of cell culture study, the finding can be determined that the increase of starch in the fiber also increases the cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: Composite nanofibers of starch/PCL have been prepared using a co-axial needle electrospinning technique. PCL was successfully encapsulated within starch. Fiber formation was observed for different ratio of starch. With several test, analysis and measurement performed, some important parameters such as quality and effectuality of each fiber obtained for wound dressing applications were discussed in detail.
