[The effect of bevacizumab monotherapy on progression free survival in recurrent glioblastoma]. / A bevacizumab-monoterápia hatása a progressziómentes túlélésre rekurrens glioblastomában szenvedo betegek esetében.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Glioblastoma, WHO grade IV is the most frequent primary malignant brain tumor in adults. There are few articles and result about the efficacy of bevacizumab monotherapy. The aim of our paper is to examine the effect of bevacizumab therapy on progression free and overall survival in an extended database of recurrent glioblastoma patients. METHODS: In our retrospective study, patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab had been collected. All of our patients received first line chemo-irradiation according the Stupp protocol treatment. The histological diagnosis was primary or secondary glioblastoma in every patient. The prognostic features of primary and secondary glioblastomas were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were selected into the retrospective analysis. The histological diagnosis was primary glioblastoma in 65 patients (75.6%) and secondary glioblastoma in 21 patients (24.4%). The mean follow up period was 36.5 months. The mean second progression free survival beside bevacizumab therapy was 6.59 months and the mean overall survival was 24.55 months. In secunder glioblastoma cases, the mean second progression free survival was 6.16 months and the mean overall survival was 91.94 months. CONCLUSION: The bevacizumab therapy is a safe option in recurrent glioblastoma patients. Bevacizumab therapy has a positive effect both on progression free and overall survival and our results confirm the findings in the literature. There is no statistically significant difference in the second progression free survival between glioblastoma subtypes.

[Treatment of recurrent glioblastoma with single-agent bevacizumab]. / Rekurrens glioblastomában szenvedo betegek kezelése bevacizumab-monoterápiával.

INTRODUCTION: The prognosis of patients with recurrent glioblastoma is poor, as the median survival does not exceed 6 months. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab monotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. METHOD: From April, 2012 to June, 2015, 40 patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme were treated with bevacizumab in a dose of 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. RESULTS: The average progression-free survival was 6.4 months (2-22 months), and the 6-month progression-free survival was 42.5%. The six-month overall survival was 82.5%, which corresponds to those published in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab monotherapy improves progression-free survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.

[Historical overview and the current practice of intracavitary treatment of cervical and endometrial cancer in the Oncoradiology Center of Budapest]. / A méhtest- és méhnyakrák intrakavitális kezelésének történeti áttekintése és jelen gyakorlata a Fõvárosi Onkoradiológiai Központban.

The aims of our study were to describe the history and development of intracavitary brachytherapy in the treatment of gynecological tumors, to introduce our current practice for intracavitary brachytherapy treatments based on CT planning. Gynecological intracavitary brachytherapy has been applied in our department since the early 1930s. After a long development it has been completely renewed by 2014. In our center definitive and/or preoperative gynecological HDR-AL brachytherapy treatments were given to 25 patients (13 corpus uterine cancer patients and 12 cervical cancer patients) during the period of 01. 01. 2014-31. 01. 2015. In each case, target volumes were planned by CT images, DVH (dose volume histogram) analysis was performed in order to calculate the radiation tolerance dose of rectum and urinary bladder. Evaluation was performed by the EclipseTM 11.0.47. brachytherapy treatment planning system. During the definitive treatments of the 13 uterine cancer patients the D2cc value related to rectum tolerance was 66.3 GyEQD2 (46-91 Gy). The average D2cc value of urinary bladder tolerance was 76.5 GyEQD2 (30-112 Gy). CI was 0.72 (0.6-0.95). Average value of COIN was 0.57 (0.35-0.78). Compared to the prescribed dose D100 and D90 values were given in ratios. Compared to the volume which receives 100% of reference dose V150 and V200 values were also given in ratios. D100 and D90 were calculated to be 0.66 (0.47-0.97) and 0.91 (0.8-1.25). V150 and V200 volumes were 0.11 (0.04-0.18) and 0.06 (0.02-0.1). During the definitive treatments of 12 cervical cancer patients the D2cc value related to rectum tolerance calculated by DVH was 75.2 GyEQD2 (60-82 Gy). The average D2cc value of urinary bladder tolerance was 85 GyEQD2 based on DVH. CI was 0.66 (0.42-0.76). Average value of COIN was 0.52 (0.32-0.78). Mean value of DHI was 0.46 (0.27-0.54). D100 and D90 were calculated to be 0.72 (0.57-0.89) and 0.91 (0.84-1.11). V150 and V200 volumes were 0.057 (0.02-0.13) and 0.02 (0.002-0.06). During treatments no severe side effects were found. During gynecological intracavitary HDR therapies the calculated dose of the target volume can be given safely using the EclipseTM 11.0.47. brachytherapy planning system and CT-based planning. CT-based treatment planning provides optimal safety for organs at risk, acceptable doses for rectum and urinary bladder while the target volume receives the proper prescribed dose.

[The role of PET/CT in decision-making during cancer treatment. Clinical experience]. / PET/CT-vizsgálatok szerepe és hatása a megfelelo terápia megválasztásában az onkológiai betegek kezelése során. Klinikai tapasztalataink.

Nowadays PET/CT examinations have got more and more important role during cancer treatment. It has importance not only in diagnostic examination and staging but also in the radiation planning process and measuring the therapeutic effect. From November 2006 to November 2010 there were 153 PET/CT examinations requested by the Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Uzsoki Hospital. Nine patients were excluded from the examination. In the clinical trial we have aimed to measure what the correlation between the oncologists' questions and the PET/CT results was, in how many cases the PET/CT had influence on therapeutic decision-making. In the case of the patients waiting for the operation we compared the results of the pathological examinations to the results of the PET/CT. The oncologists got the expected answers in 79 cases, while in 45 cases the answers were negative. In 10 cases there were no definite answers. Ten cases proved to be false negative or false positive based on the later pathological examination. As a result of the PET/CT findings the originally planned therapeutic decisions or the therapies in process have been modified in 77 cases. To sum up, the PET/CT gave the expected answers to the oncologists' questions in more than half of the cases (54.9%) and modified the originally prescribed therapy in 53.5% of the cases.

[Therapy of radiation enteritis--current challenges]. / A radiogén enteritis kezelésének kihívásai napjainkban.

Radiation enteritis is one of the most feared complications after abdominal and pelvic radiation therapy. The incidence varies from 0.5 to 5%. It is not rare that the slowly progressing condition will be fatal. During a period of 13 years 24 patients were operated due to the complication of radiation enteritis. Despite different types of surgery repeated operation was required in 25% of cases and finally 4 patients died. Analyzing these cases predisposing factors and different therapeutic options of this condition are discussed. Treatment options of radiation induced enteritis are limited; however, targeted therapy significantly improves the outcome. Cooperation between oncologist, gastroenterologist and surgeon is required to establish adequate therapeutic plan.

[Surgical prevention of radiation enteritis: case report and review of literature]. / Irradiatiós enteritis sebészeti prevenciója: esetismertetés és az irodalom áttekintése.

Due to high morbidity and mortality rates, radiation enteritis is one of the most feared complications of abdominal and pelvic radiation therapy. Advances in radiation technology and radiation planning contributed to recent significant achievements. Surgical prevention provides further opportunities in decreasing the risk of radiation enteritis. A 75 year old male underwent transurethral resection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Prior to initiation of radiation therapy, we performed Shouldice repair for bilateral inguinal hernias to prevent radiation injury to the fixed small intestines. Later our patient received 55 Gy of radiation therapy and two series of Carboplatin chemotherapy. Following radio-chemotherapy our patient did not developed radiation enteritis. In our report we discuss hernioplasty as an important method for prevention of radiation enteritis. We also review other options of surgical prevention.

[Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of radiation-induced enteritis]. / Sugárkezelés mellett fellépo bélgyulladások tünettana, diagnosztikája, terápiás lehetoségei.

The number of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant diseases is increasing worldwide. During the radiotherapy of tumors in the minor pelvis and abdomen intestinal inflammation of different degree may occur even if special attention is paid. Irradiation to the minor pelvis causes in half of the cases radiation induced acute enteritis, whereas in 25% chronic enteritis and colitis will develop. Chronic enteritis following radiotherapy raises a number of diagnostic and therapeutic problems that can be solved only with cooperation of different specialties. Authors present a short review regarding therapeutical options of radiation induced enteritis.

Concomitant radiochemotherapy of cervical cancer: is it justified to reduce the dosage of cisplatin?

PURPOSE: To review the experiences regarding the therapeutic response and side effects of concomitant radiochemotherapy of cervical cancer carried out with different cisplatin doses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: At the Municipal Center for Oncoradiology, Budapest, Hungary, 92 patients with cervical cancer were treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy in the period between July 2002 and March 2007. The total dose of high-energy external radiation (megavoltage) treatment was 50.4 Gy with a fraction dose of 1.8 Gy on the small pelvis. Before irradiation, cisplatin 40 mg/m(2), 30 mg/m(2), or 20 mg/m(2) was administered once a week. RESULTS: In 17 cases, the cisplatin dose was 30 mg/m(2); during radiochemotherapy the number of cisplatin treatments was equal to or more than four in 14 patients (82%). After administering 40 mg/m(2) cisplatin to 64 patients, chemotherapy in four or more treatments could only be applied in 37 cases (58%). Eleven patients received cisplatin at the dose of 20 mg/m(2); in ten (91%) of them, the number of treatments was four or more. By comparing the side effects, it can be stated that hematologic side effects (mostly leukopenia) grade 3 occurred in 12% of the patients receiving cisplatin 30 mg/m(2), and grade G3-4 in 16% of the 40-mg/m(2) cisplatin group. For cisplatin 30 mg/m(2), 82% of hematologic side effects were in the G1 range. There was no significant difference between the 20- and 30-mg/m(2) regimens. As for the gastrointestinal toxicity, similar side effects grade 1 were detected, which occurred in 58% and 38% of the patients receiving 30 mg/m(2) and 40 mg/m(2), respectively. CONCLUSION: On the basis of a detailed analysis, the correlation between the number of treatments, the therapeutic and the side effects could be verified. In the course of dose reduction, there was no significant difference when comparing the results of therapy, however, the quality of life was better if cisplatin 30 mg/m(2) was administered instead of 40 mg/m(2). If cisplatin 20 mg/m(2) was given, the results were significantly worse. On the basis of the own results, it can be stated that the optimal weekly dose of cisplatin is 30 mg/m(2).

[PET/CT based radiotherapy treatment planning in head and neck cancers]. / PET/CT alapú besugárzástervezéssel szerzett tapasztalatok fej-nyaki tumorokban.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experiences of PET/CT based radiation planning in patients suffering from head and neck cancer. PET/CT based 3D-conformal irradiation was used in eleven patients between March 2008 and February 2009. In six of the eleven cases the therapeutic plan was modified after PET/CT examination, as the previously determined lymph node negative state proved to be lymph node positive. For that reason, the treatment needed to be completed by chemotherapy and in some cases clinical target volume and planning target volume have been also modified. PET/CT examination has a decisive influence on therapeutic planning and on the planning process in patients with head and neck cancer.

[Experience with only preoperative radiotherapy of non-metastatic rectal tumours]. / Nem metastaticus rectumtumorok egyedüli preoperatív besugárzásával szerzett tapasztalataink.

INTRODUCTION: It is an accepted fact that the local recurrence rate can be decreased up to 50% for the metastatic rectum tumours irradiated only preoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 181 patients having rectum tumour were irradiated preoperatively with 36 or 40 Gy between 1990 and 2001. The classification was made according to the modified Astler-Coller pathological staging system. The radiation treatment was carried out with telecobalt unit or high energy photon of linear accelerator after computerized radiation treatment planning. RESULTS: The most important characterizing factor for the efficiency of the preoperative irradiation is the local recurrence rate that was found to be 21.56% in our investigation. The survival rate was significantly influenced by the age of the patient and the applied dose. CONCLUSION: Our statistical analysis was applied to investigate the efficiency of the only preoperatively irradiated patients. The results are in agreement with the reported contributions.