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1.
Sci Adv ; 9(30): eadg9845, 2023 07 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37494434

RESUMO

T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cell therapy using high-affinity TCRs is a promising treatment modality for cancer. Discovery of high-affinity TCRs especially against self-antigens can require approaches that circumvent central tolerance, which may increase the risk of cross-reactivity. Despite the potential for toxicity, no standardized approach to screen cross-reactivity has been established in the context of preclinical safety evaluation. Here, we describe a practical framework to prospectively detect clinically prohibitive cross-reactivity of therapeutic TCR candidates. Cross-reactivity screening consisted of multifaceted series of assays including assessment of p-MHC tetramer binding, cell line recognition, and reactivity against candidate peptide libraries. Peptide libraries were generated using conventional contact residue motif-guided search, amino acid substitution matrix-based search unguided by motif information, and combinatorial peptide library scan-guided search. We demonstrate the additive nature of a layered approach, which efficiently identifies unsafe cross-reactivity including one undetected by conventional motif-guided search. These findings have important implications for the safe development of TCR-based therapies.


Assuntos
Biblioteca de Peptídeos , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo
3.
J Clin Invest ; 132(18)2022 09 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35727629

RESUMO

BACKGROUNDHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma not associated with HPV (HPV-unrelated HNSCC) is associated with a high rate of recurrence and poor survival.METHODSWe conducted a clinical trial in 14 patients with newly diagnosed HPV-unrelated HNSCC to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein that blocks programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and neutralizes TGF-ß.RESULTSBintrafusp alfa was well tolerated, and no treatment-associated surgical delays or complications occurred. Objective pathologic responses (PRs) were observed, and 12 of the 14 (86%) patients were alive and disease free at 1 year. Alterations in Treg infiltration and spatial distribution relative to proliferating CD8+ T cells indicated a reversal of Treg immunosuppression in the primary tumor. Detection of neoepitope-specific tumor T cell responses, but not virus-specific responses, correlated with the development of a PR. Detection of neoepitope-specific responses and PRs in tumors was not correlated with genomic features or tumor antigenicity but was associated with reduced pretreatment myeloid cell tumor infiltration. These results indicate that dual PD-L1 and TGF-ß blockade can safely enhance tumor antigen-specific immunity and highlight the feasibility of multimechanism neoadjuvant immunotherapy for patients with HPV-unrelated HNSCC.CONCLUSIONOur studies provide insight into the ability of neoadjuvant immunotherapy to induce polyclonal neoadjuvant-specific T cell responses in tumors and suggest that features of the tumor microenvironment, such as myeloid cell infiltration, may be a major determinant of enhanced antitumor immunity following such treatment.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT04247282.FUNDINGThis work was funded by the Center for Cancer Research, the NCI, and the Intramural Research Program of the NIDCD, NIH. Bintrafusp alfa was provided by the health care business of Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the NCI. Additional funding was provided by ImmunityBio through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the NIDCD.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Antígenos de Neoplasias/uso terapêutico , Antígeno B7-H1 , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Infecções por Papillomavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta , Microambiente Tumoral
4.
Commun Biol ; 4(1): 1416, 2021 12 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34931021

RESUMO

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a debilitating neoplastic disorder of the upper aerodigestive tract caused by chronic infection with low-risk human papillomavirus types 6 or 11. Patients with severe RRP can require hundreds of lifetime surgeries to control their disease and pulmonary papillomatosis can be fatal. Here we report the comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic characterization of respiratory papillomas. We discovered and characterized distinct subtypes with transcriptional resemblance to either a basal or differentiated cell state that associate with disease aggressiveness and differ in key molecular, immune and APOBEC mutagenesis profiles. Through integrated comparison with high-risk HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, our analysis revealed divergent molecular and immune papilloma subtypes that form independent of underlying genomic alterations. Cumulatively our results support the development of dysregulated cellular proliferation and suppressed anti-viral immunity through distinct programs of squamous cell differentiation and associated expression of low-risk HPV genes. These analyses provide insight into the pathogenesis of respiratory papillomas and provide a foundation for the development of therapeutic strategies.


Assuntos
Genoma , Papillomavirus Humano 11/genética , Papillomavirus Humano 6/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Transcriptoma , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
5.
J Immunother Cancer ; 9(8)2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34462327

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a human papillomavirus (HPV) driven neoplastic disorder of the upper aerodigestive tract that causes significant morbidity and can lead to fatal airway obstruction. Prior clinical study demonstrated clinical benefit with the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody avelumab. Bintrafusp alpha is a bifunctional inhibitor of PD-L1 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) that has shown clinical activity in several cancer types. METHODS: We conducted a phase II clinical trial evaluating bintrafusp alpha in adults with RRP. Papilloma samples before and after treatment with bintrafusp alpha were assessed for correlates of response with multiplex immunofluorescence as well as immunological and genomic analyses. Post hoc analyses of papilloma samples before and after treatment with avelumab were assessed for comparison. RESULTS: Dual PD-L1/TGF-b inhibition failed to abrogate papilloma growth in most subjects and increased the frequency of clinically indicated interventions after treatment in four of eight subjects based on each subject's own historical control. TGF-b neutralization consistently decreased pSMAD3 and p21 and increased Ki67 expression within the basal layers of papillomas, indicating that TGF-b restrained proliferation. These alterations were not observed in papillomas treated with PD-L1 blockade alone. Dual PD-L1/TGF-b inhibition did not enhance anti-HPV immunity within papillomas beyond that observed with PD-L1 blockade. Genomic alterations in TGF-b superfamily genes were infrequent in papillomas and normal mucosa but present in a significant fraction of head and neck carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Intact TGF-b signaling restrains proliferation within papillomas, and the use of clinical agents that abrogate this pathway should be avoided in patients with RRP. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: NCT03707587 and NCT02859454.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Imunoterapia/métodos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Células NIH 3T3 , Papiloma/tratamento farmacológico , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia
6.
Nat Med ; 27(3): 419-425, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33558725

RESUMO

Genetically engineered T cell therapy can induce remarkable tumor responses in hematologic malignancies. However, it is not known if this type of therapy can be applied effectively to epithelial cancers, which account for 80-90% of human malignancies. We have conducted a first-in-human, phase 1 clinical trial of T cells engineered with a T cell receptor targeting HPV-16 E7 for the treatment of metastatic human papilloma virus-associated epithelial cancers (NCT02858310). The primary endpoint was maximum tolerated dose. Cell dose was not limited by toxicity with a maximum dose of 1 × 1011 engineered T cells administered. Tumor responses following treatment were evaluated using RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) guidelines. Robust tumor regression was observed with objective clinical responses in 6 of 12 patients, including 4 of 8 patients with anti-PD-1 refractory disease. Responses included extensive regression of bulky tumors and complete regression of most tumors in some patients. Genomic studies, which included intra-patient tumors with dichotomous treatment responses, revealed resistance mechanisms from defects in critical components of the antigen presentation and interferon response pathways. These findings demonstrate that engineered T cells can mediate regression of common carcinomas, and they reveal immune editing as a constraint on the curative potential of cellular therapy and possibly other immunotherapies in advanced epithelial cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/patologia , Papillomaviridae/metabolismo , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Infecções por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/virologia
7.
IET Syst Biol ; 12(6): 241-246, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30472687

RESUMO

The isolation of T cells, followed by differentiation into Regulatory T cells (Tregs), and re-transplantation into the body has been proposed as a therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease. A key requirement for making this a viable therapeutic option is the generation of a large population of Tregs. However, cytokines in the local microenvironment can impact the yield of Tregs during differentiation. As such, experimental design is an essential part of evaluating the importance of different cytokine concentrations for Treg differentiation. However, currently only single, constant concentrations of the cytokines have been investigated. This work addresses this point by performing experimental design in silico which seeks to maximize the predicted induction of Tregs relative to Th17 cells, by selecting an optimal input function for the concentrations of TGF-ß, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-23. While this approach sounds promising, the results show that only marginal improvements in the concentration of Tregs can be achieved for dynamic cytokine profiles as compared to optimal constant concentrations. Since constant concentrations are easier to implement in experiments, it is recommended for this particular system to keep the concentrations constant where IL-6 should be kept low and high concentrations of TGF-ß, IL-2, and IL-23 should be used.


Assuntos
Simulação por Computador , Linfócitos T Reguladores/citologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th17/citologia , Células Th17/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
Metab Eng ; 35: 55-63, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26860871

RESUMO

Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have enabled the use of microbial production platforms for the renewable production of many high-value natural products. Titers and yields, however, are often too low to result in commercially viable processes. Microbial co-cultures have the ability to distribute metabolic burden and allow for modular specific optimization in a way that is not possible through traditional monoculture fermentation methods. Here, we present an Escherichia coli co-culture for the efficient production of flavonoids in vivo, resulting in a 970-fold improvement in titer of flavan-3-ols over previously published monoculture production. To accomplish this improvement in titer, factors such as strain compatibility, carbon source, temperature, induction point, and inoculation ratio were initially optimized. The development of an empirical scaled-Gaussian model based on the initial optimization data was then implemented to predict the optimum point for the system. Experimental verification of the model predictions resulted in a 65% improvement in titer, to 40.7±0.1mg/L flavan-3-ols, over the previous optimum. Overall, this study demonstrates the first application of the co-culture production of flavonoids, the most in-depth co-culture optimization to date, and the first application of empirical systems modeling for improvement of titers from a co-culture system.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Cocultura/métodos , Simulação por Computador , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Flavonoides/biossíntese , Modelos Biológicos
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