Phylogenetic relationships among false truffle genera of Paxillaceae-Alpova, Melanogaster, Neoalpova, and Paralpova, gen. nov.

A phylogenetic analysis of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), nuc rDNA 28S domains D1-D2 (28S), and the region between conserved domains 6 and 7 of RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) from multiple species of Alpova and Melanogaster revealed four major clades, proposed here as distinct genera: Melanogaster, Alpova s. str. containing the type species A. cinnamomeus, Neoalpova for the species around N. rubescens, and the new genus Paralpova, proposed here for P. artikutzensis, sp. nov. Alpova, Neoalpova, and Paralpova form a monophyletic lineage of hypogeous fungi with a pseudoparenchymatic structure in their peridium (at least in the inner layer) that could be interpreted as a single genus, but they are separated due to distinct morphological and ecological traits. Alpova s. str. is employed for species strictly associated with Alnus, lacking a conspicuous odor, and producing relatively small basidiomata and basidiospores <10 µm long. Neoalpova and Paralpova occur under other hosts, present a conspicuous odor, have larger basidiomata and basidiospores than Alpova, and have a prosenchymatic peridiopellis. Finally, Paralpova is characterized by the yellowish gleba, monosporic or bisporic basidia, and basidiospores >15 µm long with a mean length/width ratio (Qm) of <2.0. In addition, two new species of Neoalpova are proposed: N. arenicola, associated with Mediterranean forests in sandy soils and with spores slightly smaller and wider than those of N. rubescens, and N. montecchii, a cryptic species very similar to N. rubescens but for its putatively smaller peridiopellis elements and its genetic profile.

Prostatectomía radical abierta vs laparoscópica / No disponible

Evaluación comparativa de la necesidad de los cuidados de enfermería entre la prostatectomía radical abierta (PRA) vs laparoscópica (PRL);para garantizar una óptima calidad asistencial en los cuidados enfermeros postoperatorios. Para ello se realiza un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y comparativo. Se evalúan 101 cirugías prostáticas radicales realizadas desde enero2007 hasta mayo 2009, de las cuales 48 fueron laparoscópicas y 53 por vía abierta. Se utilizan como variables la hemorragia, presencia de dolor y demanda de analgesia; evolución de la herida quirúrgica y necesidad de drenaje, estancia media hospitalaria, necesidad de movilización, necesidad de higiene, necesidad de eliminación y necesidad de alimentación.Un 16% de los pacientes intervenidos por cirugía abierta precisaron de hemotransfusión frente al 0% de la laparoscópica. El 54,7% de los pacientes intervenidos por PRA presentaron dolor controlado respecto al 89,6% de las PRL. Referente a las complicaciones de la herida quirúrgica en la PRL fueron 0% mientras que en la PRA un 11%. La estancia media hospitalaria fue de 5,7 días en la PRA, siendo de 3,5 días en la PRL. Alas 48 h de la intervención quirúrgica el 92,7% de los pacientes intervenidos por PRL deambulan frente al 44,2% de los intervenidos por PRA.No se han observado diferencias en las necesidades de eliminación y alimentación.Son varias las ventajas que se pueden apreciar en los pacientes intervenidos mediante técnica laparoscópica: menos estancia hospitalaria, dolormás controlado, ausencia de complicaciones en la herida quirúrgica, no precisan de hemotransfusión y movilización precoz (AU)

Comparative evaluation about the necessity of nursing cares among the open radical prostatectomy (ORP) vs laparoscopic (LOP); to guaranteean optimum welfare quality in the postsurgical nursing cares.For that reason a retrospective, descriptive and comparative study is carried out. 101 radical prostatic surgeries carried out during January2007 until May 2009 are evaluated, of which 48 were laparoscopic and 53 were traditional surgery.Haemorrhage, presence of pain and demand for analgesia are used as variables; evolution of the surgical wound and need for drainage, hospitalaverage stay, need for mobilization, need for hygiene, need for removal and need for feeding.A 16% of the patients who underwent surgery needed transfusion whereas 0% of the laparoscopic. 54,7% of the patients who underwent surgery on by ORP presented controlled pain, 89,6% of the RLP. As to the complications of the surgical wound in the RLP were 0% whereas in the ORP, 11%. The hospital average stay were 5,7 days in the ORP, being of 3,5 days in the RLP. 48 Hours after the operation, 92,7% of the patients operated by RLP stroll but 44,2% of the ones operated by ORP did it.Differences have not been observed about the need for removal and feeding.The advantages that can be noticed in the patients operated with laparoscopic technique are several: less hospital stay, more controlled pain,absence of complications in the surgical wound, do not need transfusion and precocious mobilization (AU)

Symptom characteristics and the development of tolerance with time in patients with indwelling double-pigtail ureteric stents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the symptoms of and factors predicting the tolerance to double-pigtail ureteric stents, and the development of tolerance with time. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 39 patients (median age 49.0 years, range 26-74; 24 men and 15 women) who were treated in our department for ureteric obstruction caused by benign conditions, excluding pregnancy and associated open surgery. All patients received a polyether-urethane double-pigtail ureteric stent (7 F, 28 cm long). Tolerance to the procedure was assessed using a questionnaire and a 10-cm linear visual analogue scale (VAS) at 24 h and again one week after placement, and on the day before stent removal. RESULTS: From the end of the first week to before removal of the stent, fewer patients reported dysuria, haematuria and having recourse to painkillers than during the first week. However, analysis of variance for repeated measures showed no significant difference between the VAS scores for first day, the first week and the day before removal, either overall or stratified by gender (P=0.15). A factorial analysis of variance analysing the VAS score for the first week as a function of gender, age and type of occupation (sedentary or mobile occupation) showed a significant effect only for gender (P=0.005) and gender-age interaction (P=0. 02): VAS scores were higher in men and particularly in younger men. CONCLUSION: Almost all patients with short-term placement of indwelling double-pigtail ureteric stents have untoward symptoms. Although some symptoms, e.g. dysuria and haematuria, significantly improve with time, the general tolerance remains unchanged. Tolerance in men, and particular in younger men, was significantly poorer.

[Nephrectomy for cancer in pregnant women. Apropos of a case]. / Néphrectomie pour cancer chez la femme enceinte. A propos d'un cas.

We report on the case of a young pregnant woman who had a malignant tumor of the kidney. The pregnancy did not change the gold standard therapy: radical nephrectomy. Because of the pregnancy the preoperative staging consisted of an abdominal ultrasound and a magnetic resonance imaging for the local extension, and of a chest X-ray looking for pulmonary metastases. According to the literature pregnancy, a situation of immune depression, does not increase the prevalence of malignant neoplasms.