Near-infrared fluorescence with indocyanine green for diagnostics in urology: initial experience.

INTRODUCTION: Fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green is used in urology for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes and identification of prostate margins in radical prostatectomy for delineation of resection zone and selective clamping of vessels in partial nephrectomy; for identification and evaluation of length of ureteral strictures; for assessment of perfusion and viability of anastomoses during reconstructive stage of cystectomy. Safety of this technique is proven, while its diagnostic value and usefulness is still controversial. METHODS: This pilot study of using the SPY Elite Fluorescence Imaging System for diagnostics was performed in the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. Ten patients were enrolled: four patients underwent retropubic RP and lymph node dissection, five patients underwent partial nephrectomy, and one patient underwent ureteroplasty. Fluorophore was injected transrectally with TRUS guidance during RP in order to assess the lymph nodes. During partial nephrectomy, the compound was injected intravenously to differentiate the tumor from parenchyma by its blood supply. During ureteroplasty, the indocyanine green solution was injected into the renal pelvis to dye the ureter and locate the stricture. RESULTS: Sensitivity of this technique for visualization of sentinel lymph nodes was 100%, and specificity was 73.3%. In patients who underwent partial nephrectomy, all lesions were malignant and hypofluorescent when compared with healthy parenchyma. SPY allowed us to determine the location and extension of the stricture during ureteroplasty. No hypersensitivity reactions or complications were observed during injection of the compound.

The role of water-jet dissection in improving erectile function and urinary continence after nerve-sparing prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess erectile function (EF) and urinary continence (UC) recovery after nerve-sparing retropubic radical prostatectomy (NS-RRPE) and nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (NS-LRPE) depending on the neurovascular bundle (NVB) dissection technique used. METHODS: Twenty-four hour pad test was used to assess the degree of postoperative UC 1, 6 and 12 months after the surgery. For the purpose of EF assessment, International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire was used. In addition, EF recovery assessment included the time needed to achieve a successful sexual intercourse with or without Inhibitors Phosphodiesterase 5 (IPDE5). A successful sexual intercourse was defined as an ability to achieve a strong erection enough for penetration and maintain erection for a long time, throughout the intercourse. Assessment was performed before the surgery and 8 and 6 months after the surgery. RESULTS: In the patient group with BNS + water jet dissection (WJD), the IIEF-5 score was considerably higher 8 weeks after the surgery (by 2.8 points) (р = 0.02). In 6 months, the difference between the group become more significant and reached 3.5 points (p = 0.01). Three months after urethral catheter removal, majority (95%) of patients in the NS-RPE + WJD group had no urinary incontinence (UI). For standard NS-RPE, that figure was 87%. Mild stress UI was observed in 5% of patients after NS-RPE + WJD and in 13% of patients after NS-RPE. Six months after urethral catheter removal, no significant differences in UC assessment were observed in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of WJD of NVB in clinical practice has made it possible to considerably improve the quality of life for postoperative patients due to good outcomes in terms of early UC and EF recovery.