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Objective:To investigate the infection of spotted fever group Rickettsiae (SFGR) and Rickettsia mooseri ( R.mooseri) of wild rodents in the field of plague foci in Western Yunnan. Methods:The DNA of liver samples of 2 512 wild rodents captured from the plague foci in Lianghe County, Jianchuan County and Yulong County in Western Yunnan from 2015 to 2016 was extracted by magnetic bead method, and the heat shock protein groEL gene primers were used for nested PCR amplification. Gene sequence splicing and Blast homology comparison were performed using DNAStar 7.1 software and GenBank of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of the United States, respectively, and DNAStar 7.1 and MEGA 6.0 softwares were used to construct phylogenetic trees.Results:The wild rodents infected with SFGR were Mus pahari, Rattus steini, Crocidura attenuata and Suncus murinus (one for each), with a total infection rate of 0.16% (4/2 512); no R.mooseri infection was detected. The SFGR infection rates of wild rodents in the plague foci of Lianghe County and Jianchuan County were 0.49% (3/611) and 0.10% (1/1 029), respectively; no SFGR infection was detected in the wild rodents in the plague foci of Yulong County. The homology analysis showed that the homology between SFGR positive samples and reference sequences was 95.45%-100.00%; some of the groEL gene sequences were highly similar among the four positive samples, and the homology was 89.60%-97.40%. Sequence evolution analysis showed that the sequences of three SFGR positive samples from the plague focus in Lianghe County were clustered in the same branch, and the homology reached 94.40%-97.40%; one positive sample sequence from the plague focus in Jianchuan County was clustered in one branch. Conclusion:SFGR infection rate of wild rodents in the field of plague foci in Western Yunnan is low, and no R.mooseri infection is found.
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Objective:To learn about the infection and gene polymorphisms of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in murine-shaped animals of plague foci in Yunnan Province.Methods:From July to August 2019, around 16 natural villages (4 in Mile City, 6 in Mangshi and 6 in Lianghe County), which were the foci of domestic plague in Yunnan Province, the murine-shaped animals were captured by the night-time method. The liver RNA was extracted, and the target gene of rat HEV was detected by one-step real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the positive rate of rat HEV was calculated. The rat HEV positive samples were amplified by PCR for further clone sequencing, and the resulting sequences were compared with the HEV sequences registered in the GenBank and a phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MegAlign and MEGA 7.0.Results:A total of 491 murine-shaped animals were captured from 3 orders, 5 families, 8 genera, 15 species, and the positive rate of rat HEV was 4.89% (24/491). Among them, the positive rate of Rattus tanezumi and Niviventer fulvescens was 9.39% (23/245) and 1/3, respectively; and other species were negative. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of rat HEV between different habitats ( P = 0.014), and the positive rate of rat HEV in the habitats near the dwellings was higher than that in other habitats ( P < 0.05). The sequence comparison analysis showed that the gene sequence of P018 from Lianghe County was 100.0% homologous to the MG813927.1 sequence of the first patient with rat HEV in Hongkong, and it was clustered into the same branch with the sequences of MG813927.1 and LC549185.1 from rat, was the type HEV C. G024 from Mangshi shared a low homology (20.7% - 31.5%) with other virus strains, and it was clustered into the same branch with a HEV sequence from an avian (AY535004.1). Conclusions:Rat HEV is prevalent in murine-shaped animals of plague foci of Yunnan Province, and there may be gene polymorphisms of rat HEV. In addition, the difference infection rate may be related to the habitats.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of short-term prognostic factors in very elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods:A total of 2 912 ACS patients admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 1, 2010 to October 31, 2014 and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled and divided into two groups according to age: very elderly group (≥75 years, 480 cases) and control group (< 75 years, 2 432 cases). The clinical data and coronary artery lesions of the included patients were detected. Major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) occurred within 30 d after discharge were followed up and recorded. The short-term prognostic factors in very elderly patients with ACS were analyzed by Logistic regression.Results:Compared with control group, the percentage of hypertension, global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) score, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, the left main lesion ratio and Gensini score in very elderly group were higher, while the percentage of men, number of smoking, hyperlipidemia proportion, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, blood platelet count, albumin, and long term oral administration of aspirin, clopidogrel, statins, angiotensin receptor inhibitor after discharge were lower, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01 or<0.05). During the follow-up period, the all-cause mortality in very elderly group was higher than that in control group: 2.5%(12/480) vs. 0.9% (21/2 432), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that oral angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor was a protective factor for elderly ACS patients after discharge ( OR = 0.046, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.383, P = 0.004). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that Gensini score ≥ 87.75 scores was a threshold value for all-cause mortality. The all-cause mortality ratio in high Gensini score (≥ 87.75 scores) group was higher than that in low Gensini score (<87.75 scores) group: 6.6% (9/137) vs. 0.9% (3/343), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Very elderly patients with ACS have their own characteristics from both clinical history and prognostic factors. Patients with Gensini score of ≥ 87.75 scores should be closely observed, and drug treatment during hospitalization should be intensified if necessary. Follow-up should be strengthened for such patients, and oral drug treatment should be continued after discharge.
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Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human brucellosis in Sichuan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of brucellosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis methods were used to collect the data of reported cases of brucellosis in Sichuan Province from 2018 to 2020 from the "Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System" in the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". The distribution (population, time and region) and case investigation data (epidemiological contact history and clinical manifestations) were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological.Results:A total of 309 cases of brucellosis were reported in Sichuan Province in 2018 - 2020, and no deaths occurred. The annual incidence rate was 0.123/100 000. Among the 309 reported cases of brucellosis, the sex ratio of men to women was 2.4 ∶ 1.0 (218 ∶ 91); the age of onset was mainly 20 - 60 years old, accounting for 79.9% (247/309); the occupation was mainly farmers, accounting for 51.8% (160/309). Brucellosis cases were reported in every month of the year, mainly from March to August, accounting for 72.5% (224/309) of the total number of cases. Cases were reported in 21 cities (autonomous prefectures) in Sichuan Province from 2018 to 2020. The top 5 cities (autonomous prefectures) in terms of cumulative number of cases were Chengdu, Liangshan, Zigong, Neijiang and Luzhou in order, accounting for 60.5% (187/309) of the total number of cases. Among the 309 reported cases of brucellosis, 279 case investigations were completed. Among them, 258 cases had a history of contact with livestock and their products, accounting for 92.5%; all contacted livestock were sheep; the main mode of transmission was direct contact, accounting for 88.5% (247/279); the main routes of transmission were sheep farming (50.2%, 140/279), sheep slaughtering (18.6%, 52/279), selling mutton or cutting sheep products in mutton restaurants (11.1%, 31/279); the main clinical manifestations were fever, fatigue, hyperhidrosis, and muscle and joint pain, accounting for 91.4% (255/279), 89.2% (249/279), 80.3% (224/279) and 65.2% (182/279), respectively.Conclusions:The spread of brucellosis in Sichuan Province is increasing, and spring and summer are the epidemic seasons. Brucellosis cases are most common in sheep farms, and the infection method is mainly direct contact infection; the clinical manifestations are diverse and non-specific. Relevant departments should strengthen the prevention and control of the disease in key populations and regions to control the outbreak of brucellosis.
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Objective:To detect and analyze the contents of eight metal elements in water samples of plague foci in Yunnan Province.Methods:During the period from December 2015 to November 2016, the plague foci of Yulong, Jianchuan and Lianghe were selected as sampling sites, water samples were collected in areas with rodent activities in the 4 seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The contents of eight metal elements calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), plumbum (Pb), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and cuprum (Cu) in water samples were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and the data [median (interquartile distance)] were statistically analyzed.Results:Twenty-six, 58 and 54 water samples were collected from Yulong, Jianchuan and Lianghe plague foci, respectively. The contents of metal elements of Pb and Cd in water samples of the three plague foci [Yulong: 0.19 (0.78) and 0.08 (0.07) mg/L; Jianchuan: 0.23 (0.56) and 0.03 (0.06) mg/L; Lianghe: 0.13 (0.61) and 0.09 (0.08) mg/L] were higher than that of "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water" (Pb: 0.10 mg/L, Cd: 0.01 mg/L). There were significant differences in the contents of Ca and Cd elements among the three regions ( P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the contents of the other 6 metal elements among the three regions ( P > 0.05). The content of Ca element was the highest in Yulong plague foci, and the lowest in Lianghe plague foci ( P < 0.017). In the Yulong plague foci, there was no statistically significant difference in the content of Fe element in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the contents of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of Cr element in Jianchuan plague foci in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the content of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of Ca element in Lianghe plague foci in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the content of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The metal element contents of Pb and Cd are relatively abundant in water samples from 3 plague foci of Yunnan Province, and the seasonal variation trend of metal element content in water samples of Yulong and Jianchuan plague foci is similar.
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Objective Serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been identified to be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is often closely linked to obesity. However, few studies have examined the relationship between SUA levels and NAFLD in normal body mass index (BMI) people in whom NAFLD is noted not uncommon. We conducted this study to assess the association of SUA with NAFLD in Chinese normal-BMI people. Methods A total of 2 193 normal-BMI people (1 106 men and 1087 women) who participated in a health check-up were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. NAFLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis examined by liver ultrasonography in the absence of a second cause. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between SUA and NAFLD. Results Compared with people without NAFLD, those with NAFLD had significantly higher level of serum uric acid [males,(339.0±47.6)μmol/L vs.(309.3±53.5)μmol/L, t=3.296, P<0.01;female,(273.6±41.6)μmol/L vs. (243.9 ± 47.6)μmol/L, t=3.178, P<0.01]. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the quartile 3 and 4 of SUA in both sexes had a higher (P<0.05) odds ratio for the presence of NAFLD than the lowest quartile [males,odds ratio:2.508(1.255-3.374)and 3.383(2.058-5.490);females,odds ratio:2.186(1.090-4.384) and 2.420(1.214-4.821),respectively],after adjusting for age, body mass index, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, the liver-function test, metabolic components, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and smoking status.Conclusions Increased SUA level, even within the normal range, are independently associated with the presence of NAFLD among normal-BMI people.
