[Composition of exhaled air, gas and energy metabolism and bio- chemical indicators of the blood and urine in humans after long- term exposure to hypercapnia and hypoxia]. / Sostav vydykhaemogo vozdukha, gazoénergoobmen i biokhimicheskie pokazateli krovi i mochi u cheloveka pri dlite'nom nakhozhdenii ego v usloviiakh giperkapnii i gipoksii.

Four volunteers were enclosed for 40 days in a hypercapnic environment. Their average age was 41-59 years, body weight, 66-90 kg, and height 173-182 cm. During the study the ambient temperature was 19-23 degrees C, relative humidity, 50 +/- 20%; pO2, 19-19.5%; and pCO2, 1.3%. On test days 21-22 and 38-39 pCO2 was increased to 4% and pO2 was decreased to 17%. The time, within which pCO2 was increased to 4% on test days 38-39 when compared to test days 21-22, grew 1.5-fold and amounted to 40 hours. The subjects had three meals a day, consuming canned foodstuffs, the caloric value of which was 2982 kcal/day. In the study the following parameters were measured: malonic dialdehyde in venous blood; catalase, lactate, pyruvate, urea, acid-base content, gases in capillary blood; total nitrogen, ammonia, urea, creatinine and uric acid in 24-hour urine samples. Nitrogen balance and protein nutrition index were calculated. Results were processed using Student's t-test. During exposure lipid peroxidation increased and catalase decreased; malonic dialdehyde in blood increased, being correlated with lower hydrocarbons in exhaled air; gas and energy turnover during hypercapnic intervals enhanced. The above changes in the exhaled air composition, gas and energy turnover, biochemical blood and urine parameters remained within adaptation norm. By the second week of the recovery period the above parameters, except for nitrogen metabolism which remained slightly inhibited, returned to the normal.

[Effect of plant products of nutrition (radish and carrot tops) on various indicators of metabolism in humans]. / Vliianie rastitel'nykh produktov pitaniia (botvy redisa i morkovi) na nekotorye pokazateli obmena veshchestv u cheloveka.

This paper discusses the possibility of using nontraditional plant foodstuffs, i.e. carrot and radish tops, in the diet of men kept in an enclosed environment. The effect of the diet on protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism was investigated. It was found that consumption of carrot and radish tops at a dose of 75 g/day for as long as 28 days did not produce any adverse changes in the metabolic parameters examined.

[Biological value of proteins in food rations of crews on Saliut orbital stations]. / Biologicheskaia tsennost' belkov ratsionov pitaniia ékipazhei orbital'nykh stantsii "Saliut".

The biological value of the protein component of three modifications of the Salyut space diet was measured in laboratory studies and in simulated space flights. Three experimental runs of up to 68 days in duration were carried out on 20 volunteers. During the study the following parameters of protein metabolism were measured: total protein and protein fractions in serum; urea, uric acid and creatinine in blood; total nitrogen, urea, ammonia, uric acid and creatinine in urine. The results obtained showed that the diet modifications provided an adequate nutritional status and a normal level of the above parameters of protein metabolism.

[Effect of prolonged storage on various indices of the fatty components of freeze-dried products]. / Vliianie dlitel'nogo khraneniia na nekotorye pokazateli zhirovoi komponenty produktov sublimatsionnoi sushki.

The effect of prolonged storage at the temperature 20 +/- 5 degrees C and relative humidity 70-80% on the freeze-dried food products packed in a three-layer polymer was investigated. The organoleptic parameters, fat content and fat physicochemical properties were determined in the freshly prepared foods and foods stored for 6, 10 and 14 months. The fat component of cereals and vegetables was found to change during storage: the acid and peroxide numbers increased, products of secondary oxidation accumulated, and non-saturated fatty acids decreased. Among the foodstuffs examined the buckwheat cereal and mashed potatoes proved to be most stable and edible after 14 months of storage.

[Effect of increased ammonia concentrations in the atmosphere of closed chambers on various indicators of nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism in men on controlled diets]. / Vliianie povyshennogo soderzhaniia ammiaka v atmosfere germoob'ema na nekotorye pokazateli azotistogo i uglevodnogo obmena u cheloveka na fone reglamentirovannogo pitaniia.

This paper presents data on nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism in men kept in an enclosed environment with a high ammonium content (2 and 5 mg/m3) combined with a high temperature and humidity. The toxic environmental effect manifests itself when the ammonium concentration increases up to 5 mg/m3 in combination with a high temperature and humidity level. During this period protein catabolism and negative nitrogen balance enhance. It is recommended that vitamins should be added to the diet used under the above conditions.

[Adequacy of the protein component of the rations for the crew of orbital station "Sal'iut-6" with respect to bodily requirements]. / Ob adekvatnosti belkovoi komponenty ratsiona pitaniia ékipazhei orbital'noi stantsii "Sal'iut-6'; potrebnostiam organizma cheloveka.

Nitrogen metabolism in 16 test subjects and 8 cosmonauts kept on a diet containing dehydrated products and foodstuffs preserved by other methods (15% and 85%, respectively) was studied. The health state and excretion of end-products of nitrogen metabolism in those people gave evidence that the dietary protein met well bodily requirements under normal conditions, in simulated flight, and in real flight aboard Salyut-6.