[Epidemiologic characteristic of military unit location territories in Orenburg region].

The authors showed the real zoogenous infection hazard during the military units located in natural focus in Orenburg region. Among the zoonosis special place occupies the hemorrhagic fever with nephritic syndrome. The authors came to conclusion that months of seasonal pickup in Orenburg region are September - December, January of next year; in Totskiy region--November - February. Nowadays the territory of Totskiy region is a high risk area, Orenburg region--moderate risk zone, Yasnenskiy region--area without hemorrhagic fever with nephritic syndrome hazard.

[The likely role of protozoa in the maintenance of the environmental circulation of enteroviruses].

The purpose of the study was to define the likely role of protozoa as a possible natural reservoir for enteroviruses and their involvement in enterovirus-induced serous meningitis morbidity. Samples were taken from the running and standing water reservoirs of the Orenburg Region in the summer-autumn period and those of wastewaters were collected at all purification stages. Enteroviral RNA in the protozoan cultured was detected by the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Ural River was found to contain 72 protozoan species; there were 15 and 38 protozoan species in the lakes and wastewaters, respectively. With PCR, enteroviruses were detected in 61.8% of the cultures of protozoa which belonged to 23 species of flagellates, amoebas, and infusoria isolated from the natural water reservoirs exposed to an anthropogenic load, as well as from the wastewaters at all purification stages. The predominant localization of enteroviruses was observed in the dominant taxons of the protozoa Paraphysomonas sp., Spumella sp., Petalomonas poosilla, Amoeba sp.

[Contamination of protozoa by enteroviruses in fresh water and sewages].

AIM: To determine rate of infection of protozoa by enteroviruses to assess the potential role of protozoa as a natural reservoir of enteroviruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples were collected from flowing and stagnant water reservoirs in Orenburg region in summer and autumn. The samples of sewages were taken in all stages of their treatment. Cultures of protozoa were isolated with micromanipulator equipped with micropipette, incubated on Pratt's medium at 25 degrees C and fed with Pseudomonas fluorescens culture. RNA of enteroviruses was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Seventy-two protozoan species were found in Ural river, whereas 15 and 38 species were found in lakes and sewages respectively. Enteroviruses were detected by RT-PCR in 61.8% cultures of protozoa belonging to 23 species of flagellates, amoebae and ciliates isolated from natural water bodies undergoing anthropogenic impact as well as from sewages in all stages of their treatment. Predominant localization of enteroviruses in dominant taxons of protozoa (Paraphysomonas sp., Spumella sp., Petalomonas poosilla, Amoeba sp.) was noted. CONCLUSION: Obtained data confirm presence of enteroviruses in protozoa living both in flowing and stagnant recreation natural water bodies as well as in sewages and confirm the hypothesis of persistence of enteroviruses in protozoa and the reservoir role of the latter. Contingency of life cycles of viruses and protozoa allows to explain the seasonality of aseptic meningitis incidence caused by enteroviruses, which peaks in summer and autumn when protozoa massively multiply in water bodies.

[Algorithm for prediction of reconvalescent salmonellosis carriage].

Of total of 181 patients with Salmonella infection were examined by clinical and laboratory methods. As many as 124 indices characterizing biological properties of Salmonellae, a large intestine microbiocenosis status, systemic and local immunity, were investigated as well. Among these indices, the most revealing signs were defined to prognosticate the reconvalescent carrier state. Conclusion was made on the prevalence of immune mechanisms in the development of reconvalescent salmonella carriage and on the important role of the ability of a causative agent to inactivate the factors of host innate immunity in this process. Diagnostic prognosis algorithm for Salmonella bacterial carriage was worked out. Clinical testing confirmed its effectiveness.

[Characterization of antilysozyme and anticomplement signs in brucellae during experimental infection]. / Kharakteristika antilizotsimnogo i antikomplementarnogo priznakov u brutsell pri éksperimental'noi infektsii.

The dependence of the course of experimental infection on the initial level of antilysozyme activity of Brucella clones was studied using 40 noninbred guinea pigs. As revealed in this study, the antilysozyme sign of brucellae influenced the pathogenesis of brucellosis, facilitating the prolonged survival of brucellae in the host body. The results thus obtained may be used for the prognostication of the course of Brucella infection.

Immune and interferon status in schoolchildren living in cities with different anthropogenic load.

Examinations of 6-11-year healthy children living in industrial cities of the Orenburg region revealed a close relationship between ecological status of the territory and some immunity parameters such as immune deficiency, interferon content, and formation of postvaccinal immunity with live measles vaccine. The most pronounced changes in the immune status and decreased postvaccinal immunity were found in a city with the greatest anthropogenic load. Changes in interferon status were similar in all cities: a 2-fold increase of serum interferon and suppressed production of interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma.

[Anti-lysozyme activity of bacteria of the genus Brucella]. / Antilizotsimnaia aktivnost' bakterii roda Brucella.

The antilysozyme activity of 122 Brucella strains has been studied. The antilysozyme sign has been found to be widely spread among different Brucella species. The antilysozyme sign has proved to be most pronounced in B. melitensis.

[Epidemiological analysis of morbidity in acute respiratory diseases and influenza among the population of an industrial city]. / Epidemiologicheskii analiz zabolevaemosti ORZ i grippom u naseleniia promyshlennogo goroda.

The ecologo-epidemiological analysis of morbidity in acute respiratory diseases (ARD) and influenza among the population of industrial cities (Orenburg and Novotroitsk), depending on the level of anthropogenic loading, has been made. The analysis has shown that the epidemic process develops independently in every city having its specific features in anthropogenic loading. ARD morbidity has been found to correlate with total and concrete data on air pollution. Anthropogenic loading factors have no influence of influenza morbidity.

[Specific features of the epidemic process of measles and epidemic parotitis in territories with ecologically unfavorable conditions]. / Osobennosti épidemicheskogo protsessa pri kori i épidemicheskom parotite na ékologocheski neblagopoluchnykh territoriiakh.

Differences in the epidemic process of measles and epidemic parotitis in cities situated at territories with ecologically unfavorable conditions have been established. The intensity of the epidemic process of measles and epidemic parotitis is higher in those cities where a higher total level of pollution has been established. A high level of morbidity in these infections is due to disturbances in the immunological resistance of children living in such cities and, as a consequence, having insufficient postvaccinal immunity. A higher percentage of seronegative children among those immunized against the corresponding infections and a higher morbidity level among this category of the population have been established. To decrease morbidity in measles and epidemic parotitis to the level, sporadic for such cities, a greater coverage of children with immunization (up to 99-99.5%) is necessary.

[Anthropogenic environmental factors and their role in the occurrence of acute respiratory diseases]. / Antropogennye faktory okruzhaiushchei sredy i ikh rol' v razvitii ostrykh respiratornykh zabolevanii.

The incidence of acute respiratory diseases (ARD) in two districts of the Orenburg Region which have different levels of environmental pollution was comparatively analyzed. The higher incidence of ARD in the more polluted district (Kuvandyksky) than in the control one (Belyaevsky). The incidence rate (41.8%) of ARD correlated with the level of the ambient air pollution by dust, CO, NO2, NF and fluoride aerosols in the Kuvandyksky district.

[Regional features of the immune status of schoolchildren in the Orenburg region]. / Regional'nye osobennosti immunnogo statusa shkol'nikov Orenburgskoi oblasti.

Immunity was studied in 319 schoolchildren from the Orenburg Region. They were found to have lower blood levels of leucocytes and T lymphocytes. It is suggested that imbalance of traces (mainly copper and zinc) is a cause of these changes.

[Comprehensive hygienic assessment of anthropogenic pollution of development lands of an industrial town]. / Kompleksnaia gigienicheskaia otsenka antropogennogo zagriazneniia selitebnykh territorii promyshlennogo goroda.

Pollution of the ambient air, soil, and drinking water in the Orenburg districts was studied. Comprehensive hygienic assessment revealed high man-made pollution of development lands of the environment, industrial districts of Orenburg town in particular.