RESUMO
In a prospective study of 120 patients, the cystoscopic views provided by carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation of the bladder were compared with the views obtained during standard water cystoscopy. The clarity of vision was uniformly good during CO2 cystoscopy and in 21 patients with haematuria the views were significantly better than those obtained by standard water cystoscopy. There was no evidence of any significant absorption of CO2. This safe and simple technique would seem to have considerable advantages in the investigation of patients with haematuria.
Assuntos
Cistoscopia , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Dióxido de Carbono , Hematúria/diagnóstico , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , ÁguaRESUMO
Pethidine 50 mg, fentanyl 100 microgram and morphine 2 mg administered to the extradural space, were compared in the treatment of pain following surgery. All three drugs produced a rapid decrease in pain scores as assessed using a visual linear analogue, morphine being the least effective. Fentanyl had a relatively short duration of action (2 h), whereas morphine appeared to be the longest acting. It is suggested that the best relief of pain would be obtained by incremental doses given extradurally. All drugs produced an increase in sedation, but there was no respiratory depression as assessed by PaCO2 measurement.
