RESUMO
The metabolic syndrome (MS) includes a clustering of metabolic derangements. Low testosterone levels have been shown to be associated with both components of MS and MS per se. As most androgen-related effects are mediated thorough the androgen receptor (AR), we wanted to investigate to which degree the AR CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms might be related to MS. Sixty-eight men, 60-80 years old, with subnormal total testosterone levels (Assuntos
Polimorfismo Genético
, Receptores Androgênicos/genética
, Idoso
, Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
, Androgênios/genética
, Peptídeo C/genética
, Estudos de Casos e Controles
, Estudos Transversais
, Genes
, Humanos
, Masculino
, Síndrome Metabólica/genética
, Pessoa de Meia-Idade
, Risco
, Testosterona/sangue
, Testosterona/genética
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to examine whether CAG/GGN repeats are significant modulators of serum concentrations of total and free testosterone (T) as well as of luteinizing hormone (LH) in elderly men. Sixty-nine 60- to 80-year-old men with subnormal T levels (< or = 11.0 nmol L(-1)) and 104 men with normal T levels taking part in a nested case-control study were used for these analyses. Sex hormones were measured and free T was calculated. The CAG and GGN polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent direct sequencing. There were no differences in the CAG and GGN repeat lengths between the groups. In cross-sectional analyses of the whole cohort, total and free T were positively associated with CAG length (all P < 0.05) before, but not after, waist circumference or body mass index was added to the model. CAG repeat lengths were weakly, but not independently, associated with total and free T. These findings indicate that when clinically evaluating T and LH levels in elderly men, the CAG and GGN repeat lengths do not need to be taken into consideration.
Assuntos
Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Testosterona/sangue , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Repetições de TrinucleotídeosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between endogenous testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and serum lipids in non-fasting men. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in 1274 men without known cardiovascular disease who participated in a population-based study, the 1994/1995 Tromsø study. Anthropometric characteristics were measured and questionnaires regarding lifestyle and medical history were completed. Non-fasting blood samples were drawn between 08.00 and 16.00h, and total testosterone, SHBG, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were analyzed. RESULTS: In stratified analyses based on sampling time, a linear increase in serum TG levels was found in men with total testosterone levels below the 50th percentile during the day (p for trend=0.004). In contrast, serum triglycerides did not change during the day in men with testosterone levels above the 50th percentile. In regression analyses, total testosterone and SHBG were inversely and independently associated with TG (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively), and positively and independently associated with HDL (p=0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Men with an unfavorable lipid profile (HDL <0.90 and TG >1.8) had significantly lower levels of total testosterone and SHBG (p=0.004 and p<0.001, respectively) in age and BMI adjusted analyses, compared to men with a normal lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: Low serum total testosterone was associated with a linear increase in serum TG during the day, and was independently associated with an unfavorable lipid profile. Our findings may indicate that low total testosterone is associated with impaired TG metabolism in men.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Globulina de Ligação a Hormônio Sexual/metabolismo , Testosterona/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Noruega/epidemiologia , Período Pós-Prandial , Fatores de Risco , Fumar , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Bladder stone with subsequent urinary retention was a common and challenging disease up to the 19 th century, and still is in tropical countries. Surgery has been used to remove stones (lithotomy) or to break them into small pieces (lithotripsy) since antiquity. If surgery was impossible, the urinary retention could be relieved with a catheter. The surgical technique for bladder stone remained unchanged up to the 16 th century, and some of its principles are still employed in urology. This article translates parts of Aulus Cornelius Celsus' treatise on bladder stone, found in his encyclopedia "De Medicina". The text is compared with archaeological findings from Pompeii.