[About possible additions to actual scheme of normal blood formation on the basis of study of leukemic blast cells].

The issue of introduction of number of additions into actual scheme of blood formation is discussed. The long standing experience of laboratory diagnostic of oncologic hematological diseases in adults and children and the analysis of published data about normal blood formation are involved into consideration. The existence is surmised of common oligo-linear precursors for B-lymphocytes and monocytes, natural killer cells and monocytes and common cell-precursor of T-lymphocytes and dendrite cells as well. At the same time, the issue concerning the existence of human common cell-precursor of lymphization capable of differentiating into Band T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells is disputable.

[Immunophenotypic heterogeneity of CD7+CD4-CD8--acute leukemia]. / Immunofenotipicheskaia geterogennost' CD7+CD4-CD8--ostrykh lekozov.

Fourteen cases of lymphoid and myeloid acute leukemia (AL) were studied for expression on blast cells of CD7 antigen, a cell surface marker found early during T lineage differentiation. This heterogenic group of CD7+ CD4-CD8- AL includes distinct cytological subvariants with: myeloid (AML MO, M1, M4, M5) and lymphoid (pre-T-cell) commitment, biphenotypic or mixed lineage AL and AL with minimal signs of blast cell differentiation, which appear not to follow lineage restriction. The latter subset of AL may represent the transformed counterpart of an early stem cell prior to lineage commitment.

[Immunoenzyme cytochemical methods, monoclonal antibodies and lectins in the diagnosis of tumors of the lymphoid tissue in children]. / Immunofermentnye tsitokhimicheskie metody, monoklonal'nye antitela i lektiny v diagnostike opukholevykh zabolevanii limfoidnoi tkani u detei.

ICO, IPO and LT series monoclonal antibodies, lectins, PAP and APAAP methods were used to study blood, bone marrow and lymph node cells in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. The immunological phenotype of malignant lymphoid cells has been characterized and cytological variants of ALL and lymphomas of T and B cell origin have been distinguished.

[Study of lymphocyte subpopulations using peanut, soybean and snail lectins]. / Izuchenie subpopuliatsii limfotsitov s ispol'zovaniem lektinov arakhisa, soi i vinogradnoi ulitki.

The method of penning in plastic dishes was to isolate the PNA+ and PNA- cell populations from the tonsil tissue. Carbohydrate determinants of lymphoid cell surface membranes being at varying stages of antigen-independent and antigen-dependent differentiation have been studied with the use of peanut, soya and edible snail lectins conjugated with horse radish peroxidase.

[Determination of lectin receptors on the surface membranes of lymphoid cells]. / Opredelenie retseptorov lektinov na poverkhnostnykh membranakh limfoidnykh kletok.

The authors describe a method for the detection of carbohydrate determinants contained by the cellular surface membrane glycosylated biopolymers, based on the use of horse radish peroxidase-conjugated Arachis, Helix pomatia, Ricinus communis, Lens, Glycine max, Sophora japonica lectins. The pattern of lectin receptor distribution on normal human blood lymphocytes, tonsillar lymphoid cells, and in some forms of leukemia and lymphoma is shown. The authors consider it essential that a lectin kit be used along with enzymochemical and immunocytochemical markers as an additional test for the diagnosis of various forms and types of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases.

[Immunocytochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies and lectins in the diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. / Immunotsitokhimicheskie metody s ispol'zovaniem monoklonal'nykh antitel i lektinov v diagnostike limfoblastnogo leikoza u detei.

ICO, IPO, LT monoclonal antibodies and lectins were used to study blood cells in 18 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The immunological phenotype has been characterized, and two cytological variants of ALL of T-cell nature, and four variants of ALL of B-cell origin have been distinguished, differing by the degree of blast cell maturity.

[Cells of the "hand mirror" type in lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. / Kletki tipa "ruchnogo zerkala" pri ostrom limfoblastnom leikoze u detei.

Based on cytochemical studies of the surface antigens and receptors, a lymphoid nature of "hand mirror" type cells was established in 24 children with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Their identity to the cells typical of the disease variant termed formerly an acute lymphoreticulosis is shown.

[Lectin receptors--histochemical markers in the study of leukemias and lymphomas]. / Retseptory lektinov--gistokhimicheskie markery v izuchenii leikozov i limfom.

Data are presented on histochemical determination of lectin receptors on surface membranes of different haematopoietic and lymphoid cells of healthy persons and of patients with leukemias and lymphomas.

[Immunological and electron microscope characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in myeloma disease]. / Immunologicheskaia i élektronno-mikroskopicheskaia kharakteristika limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi pri mielomnoi bolezni.

B-lymphocytes of peripheral blood were examined with cytochemical, immunological and electron-microscopic methods in 18 patients with myeloma. The results made it possible to divide all patients into 3 groups distinguishing by cytomorphology of peripheral blood lymphocytes, expression of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and determination on the surface membrane of receptors to Fc-fragments of IgG and IgM and C3-component of the complement. Data revealed clonal character of B-lymphocytes.

[Surface membrane receptors, differentiation antigens and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. / Retseptory poverkhnostnykh membran, differentsirovochnye antigeny i tsitokhimicheskie priznaki kletok krovi pri ostrom limfoblastnom leikoze u detei.

The study of surface membrane receptors by the methods of combined patch-formation and cytochemical markers of blast cells has revealed 57 cases of childhood ALL which were classified as non-T, non-B cell, pre-T, T- and B-cell forms. Using the panel of monoclonal antibodies (IKO-1, 02, 10, 11 and I10P-1-8) the surface differentiation antigens have been studied in certain patients. Significance of cytochemical studies for definition of main forms of acute leukemias and immunocytology for differentiation of some types of ALL was suggested.

[Cytochemical characteristics of blast cells forming autologous rosettes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. / Tsitokhimicheskaia kharakteristika blastnykh kletok, obrazuiushchikh autologichnye rozetki, pri ostrom limfoblastnom leikoze u detei.

An increased content of cytochemically heterogeneous A-RFC (responses to acid phosphatase and acid nonspecific esterase) in peripheral blood of children with T-ALL in comparison with non-T, non-B-ALL has been established. No correlation between A-RFC content and T-cells bearing FcG- and FcM-receptors has been revealed. It is supposed that A-RFC is a heterogeneous group of T-cells differing in the stage of maturity.

[Cytochemical studies of T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations in normal conditions and in malignant lymphoproliferative diseases]. / Tsitokhimicheskie issledovaniia subpopuliatsii T- i B-limfotsitov v norme i pri zlokachestvennykh limfoproliferativnykh zabolevaniiakh.

Data from literature and results of the authors' own investigations concerning cytochemical peculiarities of T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations at the antigen-independent and antigen-dependent differentiation stages are reviewed. Enzyme-cytochemical characteristics for human lymphoid cells at early ontogenesis are presented, peculiarities of cells are given in the thymus-dependent and thymus-independent sites of lymphopoiesis organs and certain types of patch-forming cells are discussed. Data on the enzyme topography in the functionally different subpopulations of lymphocytes identified by a set of the monoclonal antibodies are elucidated. It is shown that the combined application of immunological and cytochemical methods permits establishing more precisely the cell origin and maturity level for different forms and variants of tumour diseases of the lymphoid tissue.