RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Red wine polyphenols and ethanol reduce fatty streak formation (early atherosclerosis) in various animal models. These experimental results support the observation that alcoholic beverages protect against myocardial infarction in humans. However, fatty streaks may not reflect the pathology of mature and clinically relevant atherosclerosis. The present study examined the effects of red wine polyphenols and ethanol on mature atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-four 7-week-old mice were randomized to receive water, red wine (diluted to 6% ethanol v/v), 6% ethanol v/v, or red wine powder in water. All mice were fed a normal chow diet. At 26 weeks of age, the mice were killed. HDL cholesterol was raised 12.0% (95% CI, 4.0% to 20.0%) and 9.2% (95% CI, 1.5% to 16.9%) by red wine and ethanol, respectively. At the end of study, all mice exhibited advanced atherosclerosis in the aortic bulb, whereas less mature atherosclerosis predominated in the brachiocephalic trunk. The amount of atherosclerosis in the aortic bulb and the brachiocephalic trunk were similar in all groups (P:=0.92 and P:=0.14, respectively). To evaluate whether ethanol or red wine polyphenols were protective by stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques rather than reducing their size, we measured the percentage of collagen-poor areas in left coronary sinus plaques as a morphological criterion of plaque stability. The percentage of collagen-poor areas did not differ between groups (P:=0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Neither ethanol nor red wine polyphenols reduced mature atherosclerosis or changed the content of collagen in plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas E/deficiência , Arteriosclerose/prevenção & controle , Etanol/farmacologia , Flavonoides , Fenóis/farmacologia , Polímeros/farmacologia , Vinho , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta/patologia , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Arteriosclerose/sangue , Arteriosclerose/patologia , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Tronco Braquiocefálico/efeitos dos fármacos , Tronco Braquiocefálico/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Etanol/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Polifenóis , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Isquemia Miocárdica/prevenção & controle , Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidade , Isquemia Encefálica/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Coortes , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Doença das Coronárias/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidade , Médicos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoAssuntos
Doença das Coronárias/dietoterapia , Serviços de Dietética , Isquemia Miocárdica/dietoterapia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Doença das Coronárias/etiologia , Doença das Coronárias/prevenção & controle , Dinamarca , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/prevenção & controle , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A negative association between light to moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease has been documented in numerous ecological, case-control and cohort studies. The observed association is in the order of a 40-60% reduction in risk among light to moderate drinkers. The epidemiological findings are consistent, and several plausible biological mechanisms by which alcohol could reduce the risk of coronary heart disease add support to the hypothesis that the association is casual. The epidemiological evidence confirms the wellknown risk of adverse health effects of alcohol consumption above one to two drinks a day for women and one to three drinks a day for men.
