Combustion of raw Camelina sativa oil in CI engine equipped with common rail system.

During the world energy transformation, using some vegetable oils as fuel enables the production of clean and inexpensive energy with the application of the well-known technology of the CI engine. The common rail (CR) fuel system gives many opportunities related to creating an air-fuel mixture and its efficient combustion. Can the system dedicated to diesel oil be used to inject vegetable oil and control its combustion effectively? This paper presents some results of the application of the injection strategy for raw Camelina sativa (CS) oil fueling. The test was conducted on the AVL single-cylinder CI engine equipped with a CR system for engine speed n = 1500 rpm and different excess air coefficients (1.1 < λ < 2.1). The engine parameters and performance obtained for raw CS oil were compared with the results obtained for diesel oil fueling for the same and slightly modified injection strategy. The experiment demonstrated how much the combustion process and its effects differ for these two fuels. In addition, several aspects related to the cultivation and use of Camelina sativa oil as a renewable energy source are presented.

Emergency fueling unit for means of heavy transport affected by electromagnetic pulse.

The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is either a natural phenomenon caused by a solar storm or can be an effect of the deliberately use of destructive weapons. It is a threat to critical infrastructure systems, including transportation. The construction of transportation means continues to pursue the rapidly accelerating economy and ecological demands while increasingly becoming more dependent on electricity and electronics each day. The paper presents a method that enables driving a vehicle after an impact of EMP of high energy, where the standard protection systems like insulations or protection shields are not efficient, and the vehicle electrical system is destroyed. The device called the Emergency Fueling Unit (EFU) is described. EFU was installed and tested on a truck equipped with a six-cylinder, 11 L CI engine. The truck acceleration test results presented in the paper confirm that the EFU could be effectively used to drive the truck in case of the destruction of its electrical system. The paper's topic also provides an opportunity to reflect on how and why modern vehicles' powertrains, especially commercial vehicles, are exposed to the influence of phenomena that do not occur in everyday life but can have a disastrous impact on means of transportation and our safety.

Repeatability of High-Pressure Measurement in a Diesel Engine Test Bed.

This paper addresses the issue of metrological accuracy of instantaneous in-cylinder pressure measurement in a diesel engine test bed. In studies, the central unit has been the single-cylinder AVL 5402 engine. The pressure measurement was performed with a sensor designed for thermodynamic analysis, and the results were related to the crank angle, where two rotations corresponding to the four-stroke working cycle were denoted as angles between -360° and +360°. The novelty of this paper is the proposition of how to perform a type A uncertainty estimation of the in-cylinder pressure measurement and to assess its repeatability. It was demonstrated that repeatability of the measurement during the ignition process was difficult to estimate because of the phenomena that cannot ensure the repeatability conditions. To solve the problem, two methods were proposed. In one method, the pressure was measured in the subsequent cycles immediately after the ignition was turned off, and in another method, the engine was driven by a starter. The latter method provided maximal pressure values much lower than during usual tests. The obtained repeatability of measured pressure was %EV = 0.4%, which proved high capability of the evaluated measurement system.