[Assessment of the efficacy of cancer procoagulant (CP) activity evaluation in the oncological diagnosis of the urinary system]. / Ocena przydatnosci badania aktywnosci nowotworowego prokoagulanta (CP) w diagnostyce onkologicznej ukladu moczowego.

Many studies have been carried out to develop unfailing diagnostic methods that could improve cancer detection. There are available cancer markers of relatively low sensitivity and specificity, which makes a reason why they not always let detect neoplasm at their earliest stage. There is a new protease cysteine enzyme named cancer procoagulant (CP) isolated from rabbit V2 Ca neoplasm and characterized by Gordon et al in 1975. Because of its exclusive presentation in the cancer tissues and blood serum of the patients with tumor, this neoplasm-cell-originated protein seems to be a new biochemical cancer disease marker. The elevated activity of CP was found in the cancers of pancreatic, breast, lung, alimentary and urinary system. The blood serum CP activity levels in the patients with renal, bladder, and prostate cancers were determined statistically higher as compared to controls but the difference varied depending on the mentioned organ of the urinary system. The CP highest activity levels was determined in the patients with prostate cancer, lower ones in bladder carcinoma ones and the lowest ones in individuals with renal tumours. That is why it appears to be justifiable to apply the determination of the CP in the oncological diagnosis in the urinary system.

[Cancer procoagulant (CP)]. / Nowotworowy prokoagulant (CP).

Epidemiological studies point out steady increase of the incidence of cancer disease in Poland and all over the world. Neoplasms are associated with blood coagulation disorders very frequently. The investigations concentrate on searching for the substance producing malignant cells and causing activation of blood coagulation in neoplasm disease patients. Gordon and co-workers were the first who published results of their investigation in searching for such a substance in 1975. It was isolated from the rabbit's neoplasm type V2 Ca and then characterized and named as cancer procoagulant (CP). Cancer procoagulant is responsible for blood coagulation disorders in neoplasm disease patients, incorrect metabolism of fibrin and its concentration around malignant tissues. This enzyme (in vitro) is a direct activator of the factor X, without contribution of factor VII or any other cofactors. CF differs in physical, chemical and enzymatic activity from others procoagulants. The main aim of the paper is a review of the literature for structure, chemical characteristic, occurrence and clinical relevance of the cancer procoagulant (CP) and its clinical use in current oncological diagnostics.

[Cancer procoagulant and cathepsin D activity in blood serum in patients with bladder cancer]. / Aktywnosc nowotworowego prokoagulanta i katepsyny D w surowicy chorych na raka pecherza moczowego.

The increasing morbidity and mortality rates of bladder cancer forced the scientists to search for new unfailing diagnostic and therapeutic methods that will improve treatment effects. There are biochemical cancer markers as cancer procoagulant (CP) and cathepsin D which may be used to this end. The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of the cancer procoagulant and cathepsin D in the blood serum in patients with superficial bladder cancer. The venous blood samples were from 15 patients with microscopically proved superficial bladder carcinoma (i.e. study group) and 15 normal volunteers as a control group. The serum blood CP activity was determined by the Gordon-Benson's coagulation method and expressed by the clotting time in seconds (s) while the cathepsin D activity was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau's method and expressed by a quantity of released tyrosine in nmol/ml per 4 hours. The CP activity in serum of patients with superficial bladder cancer was increased in statistically way as compared to the non-cancer controls (p<0.0001). The cathepsin D activity in blood serum of the study group was also enhanced as compared to the control group and the said values differed statistically (p<0.0351). It appears to be justifiable to apply the determination of the CP and cathepsin D activity in blood serum for the diagnostics of superficial bladder cancer.

[Cancer procoagulant activity in serum and neoplastic tissue in cases of cervical and uterine carcinoma]. / Aktywnosc prokoagulanta nowotworowego w surowicy krwi oraz w tkankach nowotworowych kobiet z rakiem szyjki macicy i rakiem trzonu macicy.

OBJECTIVES: Cancer procoagulant (CP) is a sulfhydryl proteinase thought to be synthesized mainly by neoplastic cells. Consequently, increased CP activity in blood serum was interpreted as being associated with the presence of a proliferative process in the host's body. To date, CP activity has not been systematically studied in cases of genital carcinoma. The present study is aimed at evaluation of CP activity in women with genital carcinoma. DESIGN: A case-controlled study backed up by histopathological examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood was sampled preoperatively in a sterile manner from an antecubital vein, from 16 women with cervical carcinoma and 15 women with uterine carcinoma. Blood for the reference group of 12 healthy women was obtained in an identical manner after an overnight fast. The CP activity in serum was determined using the coagulative method according to Gordon and Benson, and was expressed as coagulation time in seconds (s). The CP activity in 10% tissue homogenates (in saline) of genital cancer was determined by the chromogenic method according to Colucci et al. RESULTS: The mean CP activity in serum of women with cervical carcinoma (78.28 +/- 15.25 s) and of women with uterine carcinoma (79.63 +/- 12.02 s) was significantly different (P < 0.0001) from the respective values found in healthy women (281.33 +/- 43.19 s). The CP activity in neoplastic tissue was 28.50 +/- 6.40 nmol pNa/mL for cervical carcinoma, and 28.31 +/- 3.92 nmol pNa/mL for uterine carcinoma, both values being significantly higher (P < 0.0009) than the activity found in the normal tissues. There was no established relationship between neoplastic CP activity and FIGO staging of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate the concomitant presence of CP activity in serum and neoplastic tissue of women with genital carcinoma. These patients have decreased coagulation time and thus are likely to develop coagulation disturbances in the course of their cancer. There may be a role for CP as a tumor marker of genital carcinoma.

[Evaluation of diagnostic values of neoplastic procoagulant in pancreatic, hepatic and ovary cancers]. / Ocena wartosci diagnostycznej prokoagulanta nowotworowego w przypadkach raka trzustiki, watroby i jajnika.

The cancer procoagulant (CP) activity has been evaluated in serum of patients with pancreas, liver and ovarian cancer and in homogenates of these cancer tissues. CP activity in examined cancer tissues as well as in blood serum was significantly higher than in the control. The obtained results indicate that estimation of CP activity may be useful in oncological diagnosis of pancreas, liver and ovarian cancer.

Antioxidant potential in esophageal, stomach and colorectal cancers.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The gastrointestinal tract is particularly susceptible to reactive oxygen species attack which lead to carcinogenesis. An important role in defense strategy against reactive oxygen species is played by antioxidants. The present study aims at examining antioxidant parameters and malondialdehyde--the product of lipid peroxidation as well as the marker of cancer progression--and cancer procoagulant in esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer patients. METHODOLOGY: The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase and the level of glutathione, vitamin C, malondialdehyde and cancer procoagulant were determined in tumors and normal mucous from 18 patients with esophageal cancer, 18 patients with stomach tumor and 62 patients with colorectal cancer. RESULTS: In esophageal tumor the activity of all enzymes has been increased compared with normal mucous. Stomach tumor has been also characterized by an increase in antioxidant enzymes activity except glutathione peroxidase and reductase whose activities have been decreased. However in colorectal tumor the activity of enzymes has been increased apart from catalase. In all cases the glutathione level has been increased while the vitamin C content has been significantly decreased. Tumor malondialdehyde level was significantly increased, too. The level of cancer procoagulant also increased in cancer tissues as well as in the serum. CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidant potential in all cases of gastrointestinal tract cancer has been unbalanced which has lead to increase in reactive oxygen species action and enhancement of lipid peroxidation and cancer procoagulant generation.