[Testing of the system of biochemical and immunological indices of the state of population health in the survey of residents of Moscow, exposed to ambient air pollution].

New biomarkers of effect of some controlled ambient air pollutants (formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and TSP) were found in two surveys of Moscow residents (apparently healthy and outpatients with allergic diseases) with a help of screening system of biochemical and immunological parameters. Possible mechanisms of the effects, including interference of atmospheric carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide with corresponding endogenous second messengers, are discussed.

[The assessment of the public health status of flight personnel]. / Otsenka sostoianiia obshchestvennogo zdorov'ia letnogo sostava.

A set of the objective quantitative parameters characterizing a pilot health status in a generalized form is required to manage the medical examination system. The medical and statistical data are proposed to be used. The major indices of health status of a group of pilots (public health) are: 1. Probability estimation of threat to space mission safety due to a sudden incapacitation of a pilot; 2. Evaluation of medical disqualification rate per mile of pilots tested; 3. Flying longevity of the pilots evaluated as an average duration of forthcoming flying activity; 4. Prevalence of diseases and factors of their risk determined from the standardized criteria. The methods of obtaining the mentioned and some other quantitative data on pilot personnel of the former Soviet Civil Aviation are discussed. It is indicated that at present the level of health threat to flight safety conforms to the general safety standards.

[Individual differences and individual norms in automated preflight medical checkup]. / Individual'nye razlichiia i individual'nye normy pri avtomatizirovannom predpoletnom meditsinskom kontrole.

This paper describes the basic principles, methods and results of preflight automatic medical monitoring. Individual variations of statistic characteristics of the distribution of heart rate, blood pressure, oculomotor reaction time, pursuit reaction quality and other psychophysiological parameters were investigated. Group and individual norms were established. It was found that the sensitivity of group norms was 23 to 65% for different parameters and their prognostic value was 17 to 38%. It is important to assess statistic characteristics of the individual norm in order to identify individuals with latent prepathological and pathological states. Recommendations concerning the applicability of individual norms in early diagnosis, occupational psychological selection and control of operator's activities are given.