[Use of systemic immunomodulator xymedone in distructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Primeneniie sistemnogo immunomoduliatora ksimedona pri destruktivnykh formakh tuberkuleza legkikh.

The study was undertaken to examine 59 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis who had T-cell dysfunction (loss of CD3+, CD4+, lymphocytes, slightly positive tuberculin test) and augmented IgA and IgG production. Oral Xymedone given in a dose 2.0 g daily for two 2 months in combination with antibacterial therapy abolished lymphopenia, restored CD4+ counts, CD4+/CD3+ ratio, upregulated IgG levels, but did not affect IgA levels. The Xymedone-treated patients developed fewer side effects due to basic antibacterial chemotherapy and showed more rapid culture conversion, resolution of pulmonary infiltration and closure of destructive cavities.

[Potential role of the antimutagenic effect of xymedone in modification of immunoreactivity]. / Potentsialnaia rol' antimutagennogo éffekta preparata ksimedona v modifokatsii immunoreaktivnosti.

Effects of the pyrimidine derivatives of xymedone and methyluracil upon the induction of point mutations of the base pair substitution type in the Salmonella/microsome test and the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of patients with the chronic osteomyelitis diagnosis. Xymedone more effectively than methyluracil inhibited the induction of point mutations by nitrosomethylurea. In the case of the cyclophosphane induced mutagenesis, the two preparations exhibited comparable antimutagen effects. Both xymedone and methyluracil (1.5 g/day, 10 days) reduced the (increased) frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of patients with the chronic osteomyelitis diagnosis. The anticlastogenic effect of methyluracil vanished 5 days after termination of the 10-day administration course, while xymedone exhibited an afteraction anticlastogenic effect over this period. Interrelation of the antimutagen effect and immunomodulating activity of xymedone is discussed.

[The immunomodulator ximedon lowers the level of induced DNA damages in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells: the possibilities for immunogenetic correction]. / Immunomoduliator ksimedon snizhaet uroven' indutsirovannykh povrezhdenii DNK v kletkakh kostnogo mozga i perifericheskoi krovi: vozmozhnosti immunogeneticheskoi korrektsii.

It was established in experiments on albino unbred mice and during treatment of patients with osteomyelitis that 30 mg/kg of ximidon suppresses the formation of micronuclear polychromatophilic erythrocytes found in the bone marrow of mice and peripheral blood of patients with chronic osteomyelitis. The interrelationship of the results obtained with the modulating effect of ximidon on the mitochondrial, thiol, and adenylate cyclase-dependent mechanisms of cell regulation is discussed.

[The effect of pyrimidine derivatives on the sulfhydryl status of immunocompetent cells in vivo: the interrelationship with Ca2(+)-ATPase and antimutagenic activity]. / Vliianie pirimidinovykh proizvodnykh na sul'gidril'nyi status immunokompetentnykh kletok in vivo: vzaimosviaz' s Ca2(+)-ATFaznoi i antimutagennoi aktivnost'iu.

It was demonstrated in experiments on guinea pigs that a 30 mg/kg dose of ximedon changes the content of SH-groups in immunocompetent cells depending on the duration of drug administration and the organ to which the cells under test belong. Maximum increase of the SH-groups was recorded in the thymocytes. The dynamics of changes in Ca(2+)-ATPase activity repeated the fluctuations in the SH-group content in the splenic and bone marrow cells. In the bone marrow cells of CBA x C57B1 mice 3 mg/kg ximedon suppressed the induction of chromosome aberrations caused by cyclophosphane. The interrelationship of changes in the cell sulfhydryl status with Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and the antimutagenic effect of ximedon is discussed.

[Mechanisms of pyrimidine derivatives systemic immunomodulating effect]. / Mechanizmy sistemnogo immunomoduliruiushchego delstviia pirimidinovykh proizvodnykh.

Experiments on guinea pigs showed that xymedon in a dose of 30 mg/kg stimulates nucleic acid synthesis in thymocytes and increases the blood serum nucleic acid content. Xymedon increased secretion of endogenous DNA by human lymphocytes stimulated with PNA in vitro. The systemic immunotropic mechanisms of pyrimidine derivatives are discussed.

[Effect of pyrimidine derivatives on the regulation of active transport of calcium in the immunocompetent cells]. / Vliianie pirimidinovykh proizvodnykh na sistemu reguliatsii aktivnogo transporta kal'tsiia v immunokompetentnykh kletkakh.

Experiments with guinea pig immunocompetent cells and nonadherent and adherent mononuclear fractions of the peripheral blood of healthy donors, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and purulent surgical infection disclosed different levels of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. Thymectomy in adult guinea pigs led to diminution of activity of the enzyme in all lymphoid organs. The effect of ximedon (30 mg/kg) on Ca(2+)-ATPase activity depended on the thymus and duration of treatment with the drug, and was of a two-phase character.

[Mechanism of nonenzymatic fibrinolysis]. / O mekhanizme nefermentativnogo fibrinoliza.

Soluble products of unstabilized fibrin lysis, observed in the systems with adrenaline-heparin complexes, urea and plasmin, were studied using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecylsulfate. Only one fraction of the soluble proteins, similar to the fibrin monomer as shown by the molecular mass value, was found after the treatment in presence of either adrenaline-heparin complexes of urea. Plasmin, however, caused formation of a number of products. Possible mechanisms of fibrin depolymerization with the heparin complexes are discussed.