[Postoperative hypoxemia in aged surgical patients]. / Pooperacná hypoxémia u chirurgických pacientov vyssieho veku.

The authors analyze postoperative hypoxaemia in a group of 48 patients aged 60 years or more after operation in the upper half of the abdomen. Hypoxaemia with values below 8 kPa in the arterial blood stream which are classified as a respiratory insufficiency were recorded in this group in 52%. In the mechanism of development they draw attention to changes which lead to the formation of atelectases and an impaired relationship of ventilation and perfusion. They draw attention to risk factors and polymorbidity in this age group. In their opinion a suitable indicator of impaired pulmonary function before operation are gas levels in arterial blood compared to normal ones. They emphasize a comprehensive approach in prevention and treatment.

[Cholelithiasis and acute pancreatitis]. / Cholelitiáza a akútna pankreatitída.

The authors evaluate the results of treatment of acute pancreatitis at the surgical clinic in 1972-1988. In 64% biliary pancreatitis was involved. The group with a more severe, complicated course is formed by 22.1% patients. In that group the mortality rate was 21.6%. In 57% it was accounted for by patients with biliary pancreatitis. In the group with a mild course of pancreatitis (77.9% of patients) the mortality was 0.9%. The approach to treatment of cholelithiasis in the acute stage of pancreatitis must be considered on an individual basis. In the majority of patients disease of the biliary pathways can be treated after control of acute pancreatitis during the primary hospitalization. In some patients surgery of the biliary pathways during acute pancreatitis is indicated. The risk of operation is high. Therefore in some patients endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is indicated.

[Psychotherapy in the treatment of encopresis in children with idiopathic megacolon]. / Psychoterapia v liecbe enkoprézy u detí s idiopatickým megakolonom.

The authors treated by psychotherapy 70 children aged 3 to 15 years with encopresis and constipation. In all irrigographic examination revealed idiopathic megacolon. In the course of treatment and after treatment 93.1% of the children are free from complaints, of these 48% are without any treatment, the others are given intermitently small doses of lactulose and Clavigrenin. 4.6% of children have occasional problems, 2.3% of the patients did not improve. Improvement of the condition depends on the cooperation of the parents, in particular the mothers. In mothers of the treated children by means of Knobloch's test a higher score of neuroticism was found, as compared with mothers of children with common infections.