Pilomatrix Carcinoma: A Benign-Mimic with Malignant Consequences - A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature.

Introduction: Pilomatrix carcinomas (PMXCs) are uncommon, locally aggressive tumors with high recurrence rates, metastatic potential, and fewer than 130 cases reported in the literature. Typically, they present as an unassuming, firm, dermal swelling and therefore are frequently mistaken for more common, benign masses, leading to undertreatment which can cause local invasion and metastatic spread. Diagnosis relies on excision with pathologic analysis; however once diagnosed, there are no current recommendations to guide treatment or surveillance for recurrence or metastases. Case Presentation: Here, we present a case of one of these rare tumors. Our case describes a 1.5 × 2.5 cm firm, mobile mass at the supraorbital rim in an otherwise healthy, young patient. Prior to removal, we suspected a benign pathology; however, excision proved difficult and pathologic diagnosis was consistent with PMXC. Following discussion with tumor board, decision was made to perform Mohs micrographic surgery and staging via CT scans with regular follow-up and surveillance scans. Conclusion: PMXCs are exceedingly rare diagnoses and present like many benign lesions. Therefore, we elected to document this case to encourage providers to keep these biologically aggressive tumors on their list of differential diagnoses in an unsuspecting mass, as well as to provide our own recommendations for treatment and screening for recurrence and metastatic spread.

Medical falls among older adults in Latin American cities / Caidas médicas entre adultos mayores en ciudades latinoamericanas

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for falls requiring medical attention, referred as medical falls, in community-dwelling persons aged >60 years. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using information from the Health, Well-Being, and Aging ("SABE") Study in Latin America and the Caribbean (7 cities), as well as from the SABE Bogota study (pooled sample of 8 cities n=12,487). Falls that occurred during a past 12-month period were considered and then noted if required medical treatment because of the fall. Results The weighted prevalence of medical falls across the eight surveys ranged from 6.0% to 11.3%. In weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses, potentially modifiable risk factors for medical falls include urinary incontinence (OR=1.51 95% CI 1.18-1.92), high depressive symptomatology (OR=1.53 95% CI 1.24-1.91), poor self-rated health (OR=1.35 95% CI 1.10-1.66) and activities of daily living limitations (OR=1.48 95% CI 1.16-1.87). Conclusions Based on our results, preventive measures targeting these risk factors may help to decrease the risk for medical falls among older adults in Latin America.

RESUMEN Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de caídas que requieren atención médica, denominadas caídas médicas, en personas de edad mayor o igual a 60 años que viven en la comunidad. Métodos Se realizó un análisis transversal utilizando información del Estudio de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE) en América Latina y el Caribe (7 ciudades), así como del estudio SABE Bogotá (muestra conjunta de 8 ciudades [n=12 487]). Se consideraron las caídas que ocurrieron durante los últimos 12 meses y luego se observó si esa persona requirió tratamiento médico como resultado de la caída. Resultados La prevalencia ponderada de caídas médicas en las ocho encuestas varió de 6,0% a 11,3%. El análisis de regresión logística múltiple ponderada de factores de riesgo para caídas médicas potencialmente modificables incluye incontinencia urinaria (OR=1,51 IC 95% 1,18-1,92), sintomatología depresiva alta (OR=1,53 IC 95% 1,241,91), mala salud autoevaluada (OR=1,35 IC 95% 1,10-1,66) y las limitaciones de actividades de vida diaria (OR=1,48 IC 95% 1,16-1,87). Conclusión Según nuestros resultados, medidas preventivas basadas en estos factores puede ayudar a disminuir el riesgo de caídas médicas entre los adultos mayores en América Latina.

Medical falls among older adults in Latin American cities.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for falls requiring medical attention, referred as medical falls, in community-dwelling persons aged >60 years. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using information from the Health, Well-Being, and Aging ("SABE") Study in Latin America and the Caribbean (7 cities), as well as from the SABE Bogota study (pooled sample of 8 cities n=12,487). Falls that occurred during a past 12-month period were considered and then noted if required medical treatment because of the fall. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of medical falls across the eight surveys ranged from 6.0% to 11.3%. In weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses, potentially modifiable risk factors for medical falls include urinary incontinence (OR=1.51 95% CI 1.18-1.92), high depressive symptomatology (OR=1.53 95% CI 1.24-1.91), poor self-rated health (OR=1.35 95% CI 1.10-1.66) and activities of daily living limitations (OR=1.48 95% CI 1.16-1.87). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, preventive measures targeting these risk factors may help to decrease the risk for medical falls among older adults in Latin America.