[Conversion of an external fixation to that with an intramedullary pin in cases of complicated diaphyseal fractures]. / Konverze zevní fixace na nitrodrenový hreb u komplikovaných diafyzárních zlomenin.

In this study the authors present a method of conversion of external fixations to closed intramedullary ones in the treatment of complicated diaphyseal fractures of the calf and femur. According to the conditions, the fixation is secured by a pin. The above mentioned procedure is advantageous especially in cases of patients with open fractures, in patients with polytraumas as well as in patients with a threatening or with a present compartment syndrome. Treatment of the above fractures is not always simple and represents a serious problem in everyday traumatological practice. Treatment of fractures using the above procedure has very good results with a minimum of complications. Although, nowadays, the skeletal defect can be solved and therefore the bearing capacity of the extremity be renewed, damages to the muscles are often irreparable and cause a permanent invalidity.

Autofluorescence (safe) bronchoscopy and p21/ki-67 immunostaining related to carcinogenesis.

Archival biopsy materials from 20 randomly selected asymptomatic volunteers from the Czech uranium miners (CZ UM) risk group (n=98) were examined for p21 and ki-67 immunostatning. There were 16 areas with normal respiratory epithelium and 22 areas with bronchial intra-epithelial neoplasia (IEN). Normal and IEN areas were identified by autofluorescence (System Autofluorescence Endoscopy, SAFE-1000) and monitored during 1998-2002. The majority of specimens from areas with normal autofluorescence intensity with ciliated columnar bronchial epithelium showed strong predominantly cytoplasmic p21 positivity. The SAFE monitoring divided areas of decreased autofluorescence intensity with early stage IEN lesions into two groups. Persistent lesions (P)-showing a spectrum of p21 cytoplasmic staining ranging from negative or isolated negativity to weak or moderate positivity combined with higher proliferative capacity proved by ki-67 nuclear staining. Disappearing lesions (D)-showing strong cytoplasmic p21 positivity and negative ki-67 staining. The IEN lesions were classified into three groups based on p21/ki-67 immunostaining: proliferative lesions at risk (R) with low or without p21 plasma immunostaining combined with high ki-67 nuclear reactivity; ambiguous lesions (A) including cases combining strong p21 cytoplasmic positivity with high ki-67 nuclear reactivity or p21 cytoplasmic negativity with ki-67 negativity staining patterns; the quiescent lesion group (Q) was characterized by strong p21 cytoplasmic positivity and negative ki-67 immunostaining.

[Surgical treatment of peritoneal adhesions--personal experience]. / Chirurgická lécba peritoneálních srustu--nase zkusenosti.

Peritoneal adhesions develop virtually in all abdominal operations. In about 30% they cause subsequent complications, especially disorders of intestinal passage, spasms and female infertility. The authors describe their first experience with implantation of resorptive foil Seprafilm and recommend general scheme for the approach in prevention and subsequent solution of the problem of adhesion-lysis.

[The compartment syndrome--still a threat in traumatology]. / Kompartment syndrom--stálá hrozba v traumatologii.

Paper presents current opinions on the definition, causes, classification, diagnosis and treatment of the compartment syndrome (CS). The development of CS after the long-bone fractures of the lower extremity and also after the limb operations or trauma without fracture is discussed. The importance of early and correct diagnostics and treatment is also revealed. Authors present several case reports and they stress the importance of early fasciotomy when necessary.

[Differential diagnosis of pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant--case reports]. / Diferenciální diagnostika bolestí v pravém dolním brisním kvadrantu--kazuistiky.

In the submitted case-records the authors present interesting peroperative findings--a coprolith obturing the lumen of the appendix, the torsion of an ovarian cyst and torsion of the omentum during diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The authors discuss the reliability of preoperative sonography for the diagnosis of pathological conditions in the appendical region which despite its falsely negative results are considered by the authors a useful method in the differential diagnosis of pain in the right iliac fossa.

[Cholestasis--an indication for surgical treatment]. / Cholestáza--indikace chirurgické lécby.

Disorders of common bile duct function are among adults relatively frequent. Formal treatment schemes are gradually transformed, and the interdisciplinary co-operation becomes the basic principle. The goal is to recognise the type of the mechanic jaundice, followed by elimination of the obstruction or to ensure biliary drainage without delay. The authors describe indication criteria used on Surgery Department at Bohunice Hospital in Brno. They present their results of treatment of the obstructive jaundice at a group of 576 patients followed during five year period.

[Coagulopathy as an unusual manifestation of splenic artery aneurysm. Case report]. / Manifestní koagulopatie jako neobvyklý projev aneuryzmatu lienální arterie. Kazuistika.

Meticulous examination of patient treated for infertility with clinical signs of coagulopathy reveals lienal artery aneurysm. Such presentation of mentioned pathology is very rare. Surgical resection of aneurysm enabled to cure coagulopathy and very probably infertility as well.