Finds of Siboglinids (Annelida, Siboglinidae) in the Estuaries of the Largest Arctic Rivers Are Associated with Permafrost Gas Hydrates.

Gutless marine worms of the family Siboglinidae have been found in the estuaries of the largest Arctic rivers Yenisei, Lena, and Mackenzie. Siboglinid metabolism is provided by symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria. Strong salinity stratification is characteristic of the estuaries of the largest Arctic rivers and ensures a high salinity at depths of 25-36 m, where siboglinids were found. High methane concentrations, which are necessary for siboglinid metabolism, result from dissociation of permafrost gas hydrates under the influence of river runoff in the conditions of Arctic warming.

Distribution of Siboglinids (Annelida, Siboglinidae) in the Laptev Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Basin.

Biodiversity in the Laptev Sea was assessed for gutless marine worms of the family Siboglinidae (Annelida), whose metabolism is provided by symbiotic bacteria that oxidize hydrogen sulfide and methane. Seven siboglinid species were found within the geographical boundaries of the Laptev Sea, and another species was found in an adjacent sector of the Arctic Basin. The largest number of finds and the greatest biological diversity of siboglinids were observed in the eastern part of the Laptev Sea in a field of numerous methane flares. One find was made in the estuary area of the Lena River at a depth of 25 m. A possible association of siboglinids with methane seepage areas is discussed.

Siboglinids (Annelida, Siboglinidae) as Possible Hydrocarbon Indicators as Exemplified by the Sea of Okhotsk.

The geographic and bathymetric distribution of siboglinids in the Sea of Okhotsk was studied. At least 75% of all siboglinid findings were at a depth up to 400 m. Most of them were concentrated in the northwestern part of the shelf. Comparison of the data on siboglinid distribution in the Sea of Okhotsk and the aggregate geological data on hydrocarbon distribution showed that, in the Sea of Okhotsk, siboglinids were mostly in the regions of hydrocarbon manifestations, but they were absent in the central areas with the minimum methane and hydrocarbon concentrations in both benthic sediments and the uppermost water layers.

[Monoamine- and peptide-containing elements in the nemertine digestive tract].

Detailed comparative-histological data on localization and morphological peculiarities of catecholamine-, serotonin-, neurotensin- and FMRFamide-containing elements in the nemertine digestive system are presented for the first time. Using fluorescent histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, pharynx, esophagus, and midgut were studied in five species from three genera of the White Sea nemertines. Described in various nemertine species are intra- and subepithelial cells of the open and closed type, containing biologically active substances. Their processes are distributed in basi- and subepithelial nerve plexuses and can make contact with lumen of the digestive tract. Species-specificity in localization of the cells containing certain biologically active substances is noticed both along the length of the tract and with respect to its epithelial layer. Peculiarities and common regularities in distribution are discussed, as well as a possible function of monoamine- and peptide-containing elements in the digestive tract of the studied nemertines and other invertebrates.

[The comparative characteristics of the bone marrow cellular composition in rats after the prolonged continuous or interrupted action of a low geomagnetic field]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika kletochnogo sostava kostnogo mozga krys posle dlitel'nogo postoiannogo ili preryvistogo deistviia gipogeomagnitnogo polia.

Bone marrow cell composition in male Wistar rats exposed to long-term continuous (Run 1) or interrupted (Run 2) hypo-geomagnetic field (HGMF) with an attenuation coefficient of 172.5 generating in a permalloic chamber has been studied. When comparing the rat myelograms of the two test runs, a significant increase of lymphoid cell content, less pronounced during an interrupted exposure to HGMF by 10.1 and 6.5%, respectively, was noted. Analysis of myeloid cell response indicated that on a continuous exposure to HGMF the percentage of neutrophilic promyelocytes and myelocytes is somewhat declined. The levels of mature relating to stab and nuclear-segmental neutrophils in bone marrow during both modes of HGMF exposures practically remained unchanged. A certain decrease in cell fractions of erythroblastic shoot (chiefly at the cost of polychromatophilic normocytes), to a lesser extent manifested during an interrupted exposure to HGMF (by 5.8 and 2.4%, respectively) was noted. Long-term exposure of the animals to a weak terrestrial magnetic field causes a particular eosinophilia of bone marrow due to an increased fraction of mature eosinophils approximately similar on both HGMF profiles (by 2.1 and 2.0% respectively). On an interrupted HGMF exposure there was a significant myelogram elevation of the mast cell counts by 1.4%.

[Effect of a hypogeomagnetic field on warm-blooded animals]. / K voprosu o vliianii gipogeomagnitnogo polia na teplokrovnykh zhivotnykh.

This paper presents the study of the effect of a 3-month exposure of adult male rats of the Wistar strain to the hypogeomagnetic field (the shielding factor = 172.5) on their behavior, learning ability, cardiovascular function and work capacity. It was found that the exposure led to a significant decrease of work capacity, endurance and behavioral activity as well as to a significant increase of heart rate and time of conditioned reflex development. The above changes remained within physiological limits due to which they can be viewed as adaptation variations.

[Effect of UHF and ionizing radiation on the Na-K-ATPase activity of Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells]. / Deistvie UVCh- i ioniziruiushchego izluchenii na aktivnost' Na-K-ATFazy kletok astsitnoi kartsinomy Erlikha.

The levels of Na-K-ATPase were measured in a microsome fraction of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells immediately, 10 and 30 min after exposure to microwave (series 1), 7 Gy of gamma-radiation (series 2) and different sequences of complex application of the agents (UHF + gamma-radiation) (series 3), (gamma-radiation + microwave) (series 4). Immediately after exposure, enzyme activity showed a significant decrease in series 1 and 4 (ser. 1-64 and ser. 4-58% as compared with control, alpha less than 0.05). A similar tendency was observed in series 2 and 3 (ser. 2-76 and ser. 3-84% as compared with control, alpha less than 0.05). With further exposure, it remained practically unchanged in ser. 1 and 4; in ser. 2 and 3 it continued to decrease within 10 min (ser. 2-42 and ser. 3-61% as compared with control, alpha less than 0.05); then it increased somewhat (ser. 2-49 and ser. 3-69%, alpha less than 0.05). The most pronounced inactivation was observed after exposure to gamma rays. Application of the latter in conjunction with microwave-field heating was followed by a protective effect.

[Effect of hyperthermia on the pH of lysosomes of HeLa cells in culture]. / Vliianie gipertermii na pH lizosom kletok HeLa v kul'ture.

HeLa cells in the logarithmic phase of growth were heated up to 42-43 degrees C in the SHF field for 10 min. Then, after 30, 60 and 120 min pH of lysosomes was determined by neutral red. In 30 min, pH of lysosomes of heated cells decreased down to 5.51 +/- 0.1 against 5.87 +/- 0.07 in intact cells; in 120 min it reached the initial level.

[Dynamics of mitotic activity and frequency of pathologic mitoses in solid Ehrlich tumor after exposure to ultrasound and x-rays]. / Dinamika mitoticheskoi aktivnosti i chastoty patologicheskikh mitozov v solidnoi opukholi Erlikha posle vozdeistviia ul'trazvuka i rentgenovskogo ilucheniia.

The dynamics of mitotic activity and the frequency of pathologic mitoses and their spectrum in 180 mice bearing Ehrlich solid tumors were studied after exposure to X-rays (XR) (5.6 Gy), ultrasound (US) (2W/cm2, for 5 min) or the combined exposure to both agents delivered in a different sequence. The harmful effect of the above-mentioned agents diminished when they were delivered in the following order: US+XR, XR+US, XR, and US. After the combined treatment the spectrum of the pathologic mitoses widened.

Choice of an optimum multichannel Nd:glass laser system for fusion experiments.

A comparison has been made between proposed configurations for Nd-glass laser systems for fusion. Detailed theoretical modeling of pulse propagation has been carried out using a linearized model with the variables taken to be time, axial coordinate, and one transverse coordinate. A non-temporally varying, three-spatial dimension model was also used to correct the linearized two-spatial dimension calculations. A 10(5) J system using 200 slab amplifiers and 20 spatial filters and having a 10(-4) rad divergence appears feasible.

High power output stages of a Nckglass laser system for fusion applications.

This short paper considers the advantages and disadvantages of active element apertures in the form of disks and long rectangular cross-section slabs used in laboratories in the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R.