[Circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the Stavropol territory in the seasons of 1999-2000].

After the prolonged (about 30 years) absence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) morbidity in the Stavropol territory cases of this infection were registered, and received laboratory confirmation, in summer of 1999-2000. At the end of the 1999 season antibodies to CCHF virus were detected among cattle-breeders in all 7 inspected regions of the territory. According to the data of the determination of virus contamination of Ixodes ticks (the season of 2000), the circulation of CCHF on the territory of 14 regions out of 24 expected was established. An essential factor of the exacerbation of the epidemic situation was a rise in the number of Hyalomma marginatum ticks, the main vector of the causative agent of CCHF in the south of Russia.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus: sequence analysis of the small RNA segments from a collection of viruses world wide.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFv) is a member of the genus Nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. It possesses a tripartite, single stranded RNA genome of negative polarity consisting of large (L), medium (M) and small (S) segments. CCHF virus is enzootic in life stock and wild animals in many parts of the Middle East, Asia and Africa and is also recognised in Southeast Europe. Severe disease, manifest as haemorrhagic fever and high mortality rates (up to 50%), is only recognised in humans. We have determined the complete sequence of the small genomic RNA segment from several strains of CCHF virus from outbreaks in Pakistan 2000, Baghdad 1976 and Uzbekistan 1967. Phylogenetic analysis of three datasets of sequences from the small genomic RNA segment available from a range of strains indicates that they can be divided into seven subtypes. Superimposed on this pattern are links between distant geographic locations, pointing to the existence of a global reservoir of CCHFv. In some cases these links may originate from trade in livestock, and long-distance carriage of virus or infected ticks during bird migration.

[Virus-specific proteins of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]. / Virusspetsificheskie belki virusa Krymskoi-Kongo gemorragicheskoi likhoradki.

A variant of Asian strain Hodzha of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (Hodzha-A), adapted to Vero-E6 culture and yielding high harvest in it, was used for analysis of the synthesis of virus-specific proteins and protein composition of virions. Major virus-specific proteins with mol. weights 110, 83, 78, 55, 57, and 45 kD and minor low-molecular-weight proteins of 42, 36, 23, and 21 kD were detected by immunoprecipitation with hyperimmune ascitic fluid and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in infected cell lysates. N-type glycosylation of gp83 and gp78 was shown using tunicamicin. Viral proteins with mol. weights of 83, 78, 55, 57, and 45 kD were detected in infected cell culture fluid and in purified virion preparations after ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradient. Two proteins with mol. weights 55-57 and about 180 kD were detected in purified nucleocapside preparations.

[The laboratory diagnosis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever at Oblivskaya village, Rostov Province: proof of the etiological role of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus]. / Laboratornaia diagnostike vspyshki gemorragicheskoi likhoradki v stanitse Oblivskoi Rostovskoi oblasti: dokazatel'stva étiologicheskoi roli virusa krymskoi-kongo gemorragicheskoi likhoradki.

The results of the molecular biological detection of the etiologic agent of hemorrhagic fever in Rostov Province are presented. The role of the causative agents of Astrakhan rickettsial fever, hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome, Q fever, leptospirosis and listeriosis has been excluded by means of such immunochemical reactions as the direct and indirect immunofluorescent tests, the solid-phase immunoenzyme assay, the complement fixation test and the agglutination test. The relationship between the cases of hemorrhagic fever in the focus of the outbreak and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus has been demonstrated due to the use of the polymerase chain reaction with preliminary reverse transcription.

[The characteristics of the action of nondepolarizing myorelaxants during operations on children with thermal injuries]. / Osobennosti deistviia nedepoliarizuiushchikh miorelaksantov vo vremia operatsii u detei s termicheskoi travmoi.

Effects of nondepolarizing myorelaxants pancuronium, arduan, and tracrium were studied during surgery in 347 children with thermal injuries aged from several months to 15 years. Nondepolarizing myorelaxants are drugs of choice for providing myoplegia in children operated on for thermal injuries. The optimal initial dose of these agents in children with burns is 30-50% higher than the recommended dose and depends on the size of the lesion. For controllable myoplegia, the doses of subsequent injections are to be 1.-5-2 times lowered in comparison with the initial dose. The effects of pancuronium and arduan depend on the hepatorenal function. Tracrium ensures sufficient controllable myorelaxation in children with burns even in cases with hepatorenal dysfunction.

[Adaptation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus to culture in Vero-E6 cells]. / Adaptatsiia virusa Krymskoi-Kongolezskoi gemorragicheskoi likhoradki k kul'ture kletok Vero-E6.

Adaptation of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus to continuous culturing in Vero-E6 cells was studied by coculturing of infected and intact cells. Adapted strain Hoja-A exerted a complete cytocidal effect and was characterized by a high level of virus accumulation in the early period of the infection. The resultant strain survived through more than 80 passages and retained the newly acquired properties; lyophilized, it can be stored for a long time. Availability of such a strain opens new vistas in studies of the CCHF agent.

[Anesthesia in surgery involving blood loss of different volume in children]. / Anesteziologicheskoe obespechenie pri operatsiiakh s razlichnoi velichinoi krovopoteri u detei.

Three variants of narcosis were compared in order to choose the optimal anesthesia for traumatic surgery involving blood loss of 15, 15 to 30, and more than 30% of the due volume of circulating blood. Microcirculation of the eye conjunctiva, central hemodynamics, hemostasis system, and lipid peroxidation were studied. Calypsol-based non-inhalation multicomponent intravenous anesthesia including neuroleptanalgesia and seduxen was found to be the least toxic and indicated for patients subjected to traumatic surgery involving blood loss of more than 30%.

[An assessment of the status of natural foci of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Crimea]. / Otsenka sostoianiia prirodnykh ochagov krymskoi-kongo gemorragicheskoi likhoradki v Krymu.

The parasitological data and the results of the virological and serological investigations of materials, collected in nature and in the course of study of the immune structure of the population, are indicative of the circulation of CHF virus in the Crimea and the possibility of human infection. Data on spontaneous infection of four species of Ixodes ticks with CHF virus have been confirmed, including the data, obtained for the first time for this region, on the participation of Dermacentor marginatus in this process. The study has revealed, also for the first time, that, together with European brown hares, the natural foci of this infection may be maintained by scilly shrews, common voles and European wood mice. Low activity of the Crimean focus may be the result of active land reclamation, keeping the cattle stalled in most of the stock-breeding farms of the region, as well as a sharp decline in the number of hares at the territories of hunting preserves.

[An evaluation of the status of natural foci of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Crimea]. / Otsenka sostoianiia prirodnykh ochagov Krymskoi-Kongo gemorragicheskoi likhoradki v Krymu.

Parasitological data, the results of virological and serological investigations of materials, collected in nature and during the study of the immune structure of the population and indicative of the circulation of CCHF, virus in the Crimea and the possibility of human infection, are presented. The data on the spontaneous CCHF virus infection of 4 tick species belonging to the genus Ixodes have been confirmed, and evidence on the participation of Dermacentor marginatus in this process obtained for the first time in this region. The study has revealed for the first time that, besides European brown hares, scilly shrews, common voles and field mice may contribute to the maintenance of the natural foci of this infection. The low activity of the Crimean focus of CCHF may be the result of the intensive use of land, the widely spread stall-feeding of cattle, as well as a sharp decrease in the number of hares on the territories of hunting preserves.

[The virus carriage of ticks, vectors of the causative agent of Crimean hemorrhagic fever]. / Izuchenie virusofornosti kleshchei--perenoshchikov vozbuditelia krymskoi gemorragicheskoi likhoradki.

The study of ixodes ticks collected in Astrakhan Province in 1982-1987 has revealed spontaneous infection with Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in 4 species. It has been established that a proportion of the infected ck suspensions from the imago Hyalomma marginatum marginatum (a back-ground species for the given region) was 3.6% as measured by the method of mouse infection and 8.9% as measured by the enzyme immunoassay. The advantages of the enzyme immunoassay as a method for Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus identification in ticks have been demonstrated.

[Cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Astrakhan Province]. / O sluchaiakh Krymskoi--Kongo gemoragicheskoi likhoradki v Astrakhanskoi oblasti.

The paper briefly presents clinical, epidemiological, virological and serological data on cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Astrakhan Province. The results indicate annual infection of the regions population with CCHF virus, the main mode of transmission being vector-borne. The advantages of the fluorescence antibody technique and enzyme immunoassay-for diagnosis of the disease were demonstrated.

[Indication of the antigen to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in vector ticks using a solid-phase immunoenzyme technic]. / Indikatsiia antigena virusa krymskoi-kongo gemorragicheskoi likhoradki v kleshchakh-perenoschikakh tverdofaznym immunofermentnym metodom.

Paper presents the results of a successful use of a solid-phase immunoassay for indication of the antigen of hemorrhagic fever-Crimean--Congo virus in lays and half-fed female-ticks Hyalomma marginatum marginatum Koch (1795) collected in endemic area, which adds to our knowledge of this disease focus activity.

Detection of Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus antigen by solid phase enzyme immunosorbent assay.

Solid phase enzyme immunosorbent assay (SPEIA) is described for detection of the Crimean haemorrhagic fever (CHF) virus antigen in suspensions of ticks collected in the natural focus.

A comparative study of the Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo group of viruses.

Twelve strains of the Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF)-Congo group of viruses the Bunyaviridae family were investigated with respect to sensitivity to lipid solvents and temperature, pathogenicity for animals, interactions with cell cultures and antigenic relationships. Complement fixation, agar gel diffusion and precipitation, immunofluorescence and neutralization tests showed Hazara virus to have a number of features distinguishing it from the other antigenic type of the CHF-Congo group.

[Study of the circulation of Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in Turkmenistan]. / Izuchenie tsirkuliatsii virusa Krymskoi gemorragicheskoi likhoradki v Turkmenskoi SSR.

Final results of the virological and serological investigations of the circulation of the Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in the Turkmenian SSR carried out in 1968-1976 are presented in this report. In the examination of 2294 blood serum samples of human beings complement binding antibodies against the Crimean hemorrhagic fever were revealed in 0.4% of cases. It was revealed that five species of ixodes ticks could he infected with this virus; for the first time its strains were also isolated from the Hyalomma dromedarii ticks. Isolation of the Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus from ticks and determination of the precipitating antibodies against this virus in agricultural animals--from 6.2 to 11.1%--in all the regions of the republic pointed out that the natural nidi zones were widespread at the territory of the Turkmenian SSR, and that it was necessary to carry out further study of the given focus.

Experimental Hazara Virus infection in mice.

Reproduction of Hazara virus in intracerebrally (ic) inoculated newborn white mice was studied by virological, serological and histological methods, electron microscopy and the direct fluorescent antibody technique. In the course of infection the virus was detectable in the blood, brain and some viscera, the largest amounts of virus occurring in the brain and liver. Pathomorphological lesions were localized in the brain and consisted of foci of neuronal destruction and marked oedema of the tissue. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of tissues from various parts of brains of infected newborn white mice killed at the height of infection revealed virus particles in perikaryon of the brain cortex neurons; accumulations of particles were found in vesicles of the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum.