[The indices dynamics of platelet pool and the level of TGF-beta1 in different forms of acute pancreatitis].

The results of study of quantitative functional characteristics of platelets are shown in patients with acute pancreatitis. The patients (57 people) with acute pancreatitis were examined: 40 patients had a mild clinical course of acute pancreatitis and 40 patients had a severe clinical course of acute pancreatitis. The circular functional mass of platelets and the level of TGF-beta1 were determined in dynamics in patients with acute destructive pancreatitis. A correlated analysis was made among the results obtained by means of laboratory and instrumental examinations and clinical course of acute pancreatitis. It was found, that the increase of TGF-beta1 and circular functional mass of platelets in the course of several days was really a good prognostic factor of clinical course of acute pancreatitis. The data obtained showed that the changes of indices of quantitative and functional characteristics of platelets are the important pathogenetic criterion of prognosis for severity of clinical course of acute pancreatitis.

Seasonality in human salmonellosis: assessment of human activities and chicken contamination as driving factors.

This study used integrated surveillance data to assess the seasonality in retail chicken contamination and of human activities and their role on the seasonality of human endemic salmonellosis. From June 2005 to May 2008, reported cases of salmonellosis were followed-up comprehensively using a standardized questionnaire, and 616 retail chicken breasts were systematically tested for Salmonella, in one Canadian community. Poisson regression was used to model seasonality of human cases, Salmonella in retail chicken, and to assess the relationship between these and selected meteorological variables. The case-case approach was used to compare the activities of salmonellosis cases that occurred during the summer peak to the other cases. There were 216 human endemic salmonellosis cases (incidence rate: 14.7 cases/100,000 person-years), predominantly of Typhimurium and Enteritidis serotypes (28.4% and 20.8%, respectively). The monthly distribution of cases was associated with ambient temperature (p < 0.001) with a significant seasonal peak in June (p = 0.03) and July (p = 0.0005), but it was not associated with precipitation (p = 0.38). Several activities reported by cases tended to be more frequent during summer. Particularly, attending a barbeque and gardening within the 3 days before the disease onset were two significant risk factors for salmonellosis in June or July compared with the salmonellosis cases that occurred in the other months. Out of all chicken samples, 185 (30%) tested positive for Salmonella spp., Kentucky being the dominant serotype (44.3% of positive samples). The monthly proportion of positive chicken samples showed no seasonal variations (p = 0.30) and was not associated with the monthly count of human cases (p = 0.99). In conclusion, even though evidence generally supports chicken as a primary vehicle of Salmonella to humans, the contamination of retail chicken was not driving the seasonality in human salmonellosis. Attending a barbeque or gardening during the hotter months of the year should be further assessed for their risk.

[Decision on the strategy of treatment of acute cholecystitis in high operative risk patients].

Based on their personal experience with treatment of 118 patients the authors consider that sanitation-decompression percutaneous-transhepatic punctures of the gallbladder under US control can be used for arresting the inflammation process. The integral scales SAPS-II and POSSUM allow identification of groups of patients with high operative risk. The strategy of treatment depends on both the state of the patient and results of USI. The detection of an obturating concrement in the gallbladder neck requires punctures for decompression of the gallbladder and attempts to reestablish normal bile passage in addition to conservative therapy at early terms.

[Methods of primary dentofacial anomalies prevention used in therapeutic and preventive institutions of RF].

The study of the whole range of measures of primary dentofacial anomalies prevention has determined the most often used methods of their prophylaxis. It is also shown that consultations with specialists in the allied medical areas and use of technical preventive devices are underestimated. Information modalities for patients, hygiene (sanitary) education are not at due level. Small attention was paid to preventive examinations of children in the so-called organized collectives and to regular medical check-up of children population.

[Direct results of endovideosurgical transabdominal adrenalectomy]. / Neposredstvennye rezul'taty énovideokhirurgicheskoi transabdominal'noi adrenaléktomii.

Results of transabdominal adrenalectomy performed in 29 patients with different tumors of the adrenals were estimated. The lower traumaticity of the access due to using a new technology as well as taking prophylactic measures for lower aggressive influence of the pneumoperitoneum allowed performing combined operative interventions in 30% of cases and avoiding serious intra- and postoperative complications.

[Morphodensitometric evaluation of lymphocytes enzymatic status in pathogenesis of chronic alcoholism]. / Morfodensitometricheskaia otsenka fermentativnogo statusa limfotsitov pri issledovanii patogeneza khronicheskogo alkogolizma.

Activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH), and nonspecific esterase (NE) were studied in blood lymphocytes of healthy men and chronic alcoholics. SDH activity was notably decreased, while the levels of alpha-GPDH and NE were increased in alcoholics. The detected metabolic changes suggest lymphocyte dysfunction and hence, impairment of neuroimmune relationships, which may be the central component in the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholism.

[The comparative hemodynamic characteristics in the lower extremities during laparoscopic and traditional interventions on the abdominal cavity organs]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika gemodinamiki v nizhnikh konechnostiakh pri laparoskopicheskikh i traditsionnykh vmeshatel'stvakh na organakh briushnoi polosti.

The plethysmographic methods were used for studying the influence of pneumoperitoneum in hemodynamics in lower extremities. It was proved to cause venous stasis in them and constriction of precapillaries in the venous area predominantly. The degree of such influence depends on the strain of the pneumoperitoneum and its duration. This factor should be taken into consideration for prophylaxis of postoperative complications.

[Use of laparoscopic methods in combined surgery]. / Ispol'zovanie laparoskopicheskikh metodov pri sochetannykh operatsiiakh.

The authors have made a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of isolated and combined laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The control group consisted of 246 patients subjected to isolated cholecystectomies. The group under study included 22 patients in whom combined cholecystectomies were performed. The comparative analysis included the following clinical data: duration of the operation, number of postoperative days in the hospital, amount of postoperative complications. It was concluded that the little-invasive laparoscopic technique used in one of the steps of the combined operation allowed traumatism of the surgery to be decreased which in its turn allowed wider indications to combined operations.

[Methods for estimating the severity of the status of resuscitated surgical patients]. / O sposobakh otsenki tiazhesti sostoianiia reanimatsionnykh bol'nykh khirurgicheskogo profilia.

The skin electric resistance in the representative points was measured by the Nakatani technique in 86 surgical patients during resuscitation. Two most informative indices were established: the average electric resistance of the skin and the renal index. A significant correlation (r = 0.78) was obtained between the average electric resistance of the skin and score sum SAPS. Changes of the renal index allow the dynamics of the patient's state to be estimated, and along with the electric resistance of the skin--the degree of traumatic consequences of the operative intervention. The method is simple and not dangerous for the patients.

[Endolymphatic therapy and current detoxication methods in the treatment of peritonitis]. / Endolimfaticheskaia terapiia i sovremennye metody detoksikatsii v lechenii peritonita.

An original method of endolymphatic therapy with the stimulation of the lymph outflow was developed and used in 108 patients with peritonitis. The dynamics of intoxication parameters was studied during the endolymphatic therapy, indirect electrochemical oxidation of blood, photochemotherapy and traditional treatment. The method proposed has been found to be most efficient. The method of endolymphatic therapy with the lymph stimulation allowed lethality from peritonitis to be decreased to 7.4%.