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1.
Methods Mol Biol ; 1438: 255-69, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27150095

RESUMO

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, with diverse symptoms and high comorbidity with other brain dysfunctions. Due to this complexity, little is known about the neural and genetic mechanisms involved in depression pathogenesis. In a large proportion of patients, current antidepressant treatments are often ineffective and/or have undesirable side effects, fueling the search for more effective drugs. Animal models mimicking various symptoms of depression are indispensable in studying the biological mechanisms of this disease. Here, we summarize several popular methods for assessing depression-like symptoms in mice, and their utility in screening antidepressant drugs.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Animais , Antidepressivos , Comportamento Animal , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Testes Neuropsicológicos
2.
Methods Mol Biol ; 1438: 271-91, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27150096

RESUMO

Animal models have been vital to recent advances in experimental neuroscience, including the modeling of common human brain disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. As mice express robust anxiety-like behaviors when exposed to stressors (e.g., novelty, bright light, or social confrontation), these phenotypes have clear utility in testing the effects of psychotropic drugs. Of specific interest is the extent to which mouse models can be used for the screening of new anxiolytic drugs and verification of their possible applications in humans. To address this problem, the present chapter will review different experimental models of mouse anxiety and discuss their utility for testing anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs. Detailed protocols will be provided for these paradigms, and possible confounds will be addressed accordingly.


Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Descoberta de Drogas , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Camundongos
3.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19818413

RESUMO

Steroid hormones regulate gene expression in organisms by binding to receptor proteins. These hormones include the androgens, which signal through androgen receptors (ARs). Endocrine disrupters (EDCs) are chemicals in the environment that adversely affect organisms by binding to nuclear receptors, including ARs. Vinclozolin, a fungicide used on fruit and vegetable crops, is a known anti-androgen, a type of EDC that blocks signals from testosterone and its derivatives. In order to better understand the effects of EDCs, further research on androgen receptors and other hormone signaling pathways is necessary. In this study, we demonstrate the evolutionary conservation between the genomic structure of the human and zebrafish ar genes and find that ar mRNA expression increases in zebrafish embryos exposed to vinclozolin, which may be evolutionarily conserved as well. At 48 and 72 h post-fertilization, vinclozolin-treated embryos express ar mRNA 8-fold higher than the control level. These findings suggest that zebrafish embryos attempt to compensate for the presence of an anti-androgen by increasing the number of androgen receptors available.


Assuntos
Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/genética , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Animais , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Embrião não Mamífero/embriologia , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Feminino , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oxazóis/toxicidade , Filogenia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptores Androgênicos/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Peixe-Zebra/embriologia
4.
Methods Mol Biol ; 602: 267-82, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20012404

RESUMO

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, with diverse symptoms and high comorbidity with other brain dysfunctions. Due to this complexity, little is known about the neural and genetic mechanisms involved in depression pathogenesis. In a large proportion of patients, current antidepressant treatments are often ineffective and/or have undesirable side effects, fueling the search for more effective drugs. Animal models mimicking various symptoms of depression are indispensable in studying the biological mechanisms of this disease. Here, we summarize several popular methods for assessing depression-like symptoms in mice and their utility in screening antidepressant drugs.


Assuntos
Antidepressivos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtorno Depressivo , Animais , Antidepressivos/efeitos adversos , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Asseio Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estresse Fisiológico , Estresse Psicológico
5.
Methods Mol Biol ; 602: 299-321, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20012406

RESUMO

Animal models have been vital to recent advances in experimental neuroscience, including the modeling of common human brain disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. As mice express robust anxiety-like behaviors when exposed to stressors (e.g., novelty, bright light, or social confrontation), these phenotypes have clear utility in testing the effects of psychotropic drugs. Of specific interest is the extent to which mouse models can be used for the screening of new anxiolytic drugs and verification of their possible applications in humans. To address this problem, the present chapter will review different experimental models of mouse anxiety and discuss their utility for testing anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs. Detailed protocols will be provided for these paradigms, and possible confounds will be addressed accordingly.


Assuntos
Ansiolíticos , Ansiedade , Encéfalo , Descoberta de Drogas , Animais , Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Asseio Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Fenótipo , Psicotrópicos/farmacologia , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Estresse Psicológico
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