[Multiplication of Listeria in milk products]. / Razmnozhenie listerii v molochnykh produktakh.

The results of the evaluation of the multiplication dynamics of Listeria cells in milk and Bifidok, a lactic acid product, are presented. The samples were inoculated on thioglycol agar and studied at different exposure time after incubation at 37 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 4 degrees C. The study revealed the intensive multiplication of Listeria cells in milk, also during storage in a household refrigerator. The presence of bifidobacteria mixed with kefir-producing culture in dairy products was shown to essentially inhibit the growth of Listeria cells which were not detected by bacteriological techniques on day 7.

[Radiation damage to the hemopoietic system of mice, carriers of the leukemia virus]. / Radiatsionnoe porazhenie sistemy gemopoéza u myshei--nositelei virusa leikoza.

The experiments with AKR mice, that are carriers of the T-cell leukemia virus showed their higher radiosensitivity as compared to (CBA x C57Bl)F1 mice in respect of survival and hemopoietic status. The regular patterns observed are presumed to result from lower ability of AKR mice to repair radiation damage and provide resistance to infections.

[Infectious risk factors in the development of malignant neoplasms]. / Infektsionnye faktory riska pri razvitii zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii.

The influence of microorganisms on the course of tumor processes in laboratory animals was studied. The study revealed that the inoculation of Bordetella pertussis decreased survival time both in mice with implanted mastocytoma cells P-815 and in Syrian golden hamsters with implanted transformed hamster fibroblastomas. The smallpox vaccine virus was found to stimulate the development of virus-induced Rauscher leukosis in mice. The mechanisms of the co-carcinogenic action of microorganisms is discussed.

[The toxic and immunomodulating properties of the somatic O-antigen polysaccharide of typhoid bacteria]. / Toksicheskie i immunomoduliruiushchie svoistva polisakharida O-somaticheskogo antigena bakterii briushnogo tifa.

In experiments on random bred mice and mice of various strains it was shown that when administered parenterally typhoid bacteria O-somatic antigen polysaccharide possesses the immunomodulatory properties. It stimulates the non-specific resistance of the organism to bacterial infection, produces the polyclonal activation of beta-lymphocytes, possesses the adjuvant properties, activates cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. At administration in therapeutic doses the drug is not toxic, possesses no carcinogenic, mutagenic and allergenic properties.

[Effects of organic fluorosilicone compounds on the development of tumors in mice]. / Vliianie ftorkremniiorganicheskikh soedinenii na razvitie nekotorykh opukholei u myshei.

The influence of new synthesized fluoro-silicium-organic complexes on the virus-induced Rauscher leukosis and cell-transferred MX-11 mouse sarcoma was studied. We also studied the cytotoxic effects of these complexes in vitro in the human CaOv cells. Two complexes from seven studied were cytotoxic for CaOv cells. Five complexes from seven studied diminished the mortality of animals with MX-11 tumors on the 27-th day of observation, but the total life duration of the animals in the experimental group was the same as in controls. One complex from seven studied increased the life duration of mice with MX-11 tumors. No effects were noted in relation to mice virus-induced Rauscher leukosis.

[The effect of gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharides on the development of Rauscher leukosis in BALB/c mice]. / Vliianie lipopolisakharidov gramotritsatel'nykh bakterii na razvitie leikoza Raushera u myshei linii BALB/C.

The dose-dependent action of Shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the development of acute erythroleukocytosis, as well as Rauscher chronic myeloid and lymphoid leukosis, in BALB/c mice sensitive to Rauscher virus was shown. Bordetella pertussis LPS in the doses used in this investigation stimulated the development of both acute erythroleukosis and chronic myeloid and lymphoid leukosis in BALB/c mice infected with Rauscher virus. Lipid A isolated from B. pertussis LPS was found to produce a stimulating effect on the development of Rauscher leukosis in mice. After the treatment of B. pertussis LPS with polymyxin B blocking lipid A no stimulating effect of B. pertussis LPS on the development of Rauscher leukosis was observed. A suggestion is made that lipid A is the active principle contributing to the stimulation of the development of Rauscher leukosis in BALB/c mice.

[The coleukemogenic action of Bordetella pertussis]. / Koleikomogennoe deistvie kokliushnogo mikroba

Injection of B. pertussis and Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) in a dose of 4 ID50 to BALB/c mice susceptible to the above virus significantly increases the incidence of leukosis and shortens the average life duration. Injection of B. pertussis to the AKR mice, carriers of the Gross leukosis virus, induces in the first months a greater number of the mice with leukosis and its earlier development.

[Karyological characteristics of a new continuous cell line of human hypernephroma]. / Kariologicheskaia kharakteristika novoi perevivaemoi linii kletok gipernefromy cheloveka.

A new stable human hypernephroma cell line has been characterized by differential staining R-, C- and Ag-I-techniques. The karyotype of the cultivated hypernephroma cells has been designed using the statistical analysis and karyotype reconstruction methods. The specific chromosomal markers of the cell line are described.

[Mitogenic activity of the antigens isolated from different Staphylococcus aureus strains in relation to mouse and guinea pig splenocytes]. / Mitogennaia aktivnost' antigenov, vydelennykh iz raznykh shtammov zolotistogo stafilokokka, v otnoshenii splenotsitov myshei i morskikh svinok.

The mitogenic effect of corpuscular antigens with respect to the splenocytes of animals was found to depend on the strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum synthesis of DNA in the cells was induced by corpuscular antigen Smith and the minimum synthesis, by Wood-46. The synthesis of DNA was activated in both B- and T-splenocytes in response to corpuscular antigens Wood-46, Cowan-1 and Smith, as well as to the cell wall and protein A. Peptidoglycan produced a mitogenic effect only in B-lymphocytes, and teichoic acid showed no mitogenic activity in mouse splenocytes. The mitogenic effect of staphylococcal antigens on splenocytes depended on the dose of the antigen and the time of cultivation. After 48-hour cultivation the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the DNA of mouse cells was 5 times higher than into the DNA of guinea-pig cells. The optimum mitogenic dose in thymectomized BALB/c mice with respect to splenocytes was higher than in normal BALB/c mice practically by one order.

[Interrelation of erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis in experimental infectious processes and in viral leukemogenesis]. / Vzaimootnoshenie éritropoéza i limfopoéza pri éksperimental'nykh infektsionnykh protsessakh i virusnom leikozogeneze.

Interrelation of erythropoiesis and immune response was studied in mice of various lines infected with mycoplasma species, Shigella flexneri 2a and Rauscher leukemia virus (R-MLV). Intensity of erythropoiesis was estimated by the endocolonization data of sublethally irradiated mice and 59Fe incorporation, while immune reactivity--by generation of splenic antibody-forming cells in response to immunization with sheep erythrocytes. The inverse correlation between the ability of infectious agents to enhance erythropoiesis and to depress immune reactivity was found. Enhanced state of erythropoiesis was observed with concomitant diminished immune response when R-MLV and M. arthritidis or S. flexneri 2a (strain 516) were used. There was a positive correlation between the ability of mycoplasmae and shigellae to activate erythropoiesis and their stimulatory effect on R-MLV reproduction tested by the spleen focus-forming units (SFFU) enumeration technique. Possible role of mononuclear phagocytes in the phenomena mentioned is discussed.

[Characteristics of a cell line obtained from a human hypernephroma]. / Kharakteristika kletochnoi linii, poluchennoi iz gipernefromy cheloveka.

A stable tumorigenic cell line has been obtained from the human hypernephrome. The culture grew as monolayers of large polygonal cells with foamy cytoplasm and 1-2 nucleoli. The cells formed monolayer after the third day after planting into flask and then formed multilayered growth. The electron microscopic studies of hypernephrome sections revealed the dark and light cells. The hypernephrome cells have characteristics of tumor cells. On the 200th passage the cells are aneuploid with a model number of 62 chromosomes; an acrocentric chromosome in D group is noted as a marker one. The hypernephrome cells are free of Mycoplasma contamination, able to support the several virus replication.

[Stimulation of postradiation regeneration of erythropoiesis in mice with Bordetells pertussis vaccine]. / Stimuliatsiia postradiatsionnoi regeneratsii éritropoeza u myshei pod deistviem vaktsiny Bordetella pertussis.

Inoculation into mice of killed B. pertussis vaccine (10(10) microbial cells) one day before their sublethal irradiation (6.0 Gy) was accompanied by accelerated regeneration of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, particularly in the spleen as was judged by the 59Fe incorporation. B. pertussis also induced an increase in endocolonization when inoculated 4-5 days after irradiation. The latter suggests a possible effect of vaccine on the hematopoietic cells, less differentiated than erythropoietin-sensitive cells (ESC), inasmuch the sensitivity of the ESC to erythropoietin commonly appeared at the later stages. When B. pertussis was inoculated into BALB/c mice one day before their infection by Rauscher's leukemia virus noticeable activation of leukemogenicity was observed. It is believed that the reason for this is the stimulation of erythroid target cells for the virus after B. pertussis vaccination. The data obtained indicate that B. pertussis vaccine activates erythropoiesis in both normal and irradiated mice.

[Proliferation of spleen cells in response to Bordetella pertussis]. / Proliferatsiia kletok selezenki v otvet na Bordetella pertussis.

Vaccine strain 305 of B. pertussis in a dose of 10(8)-10(11) cells was shown to be mitogenic for splenocytes of BALB/c mice and nude mice. When added in a dose of 10(10) B. pertussis exerted a more pronounced mitogenic effect than phytohemagglutinin P, which was less powerful, however, than that of Con A, B. pertussis caused a greater stimulation of DNA synthesis in lymphocytes than B mitogens whose action depended on the differentiation stages of B lymphocytes. This is likely to hint towards a possible action of B. pertussis on immature B cells and/or their precursors. The cells of T lineage (T1 cells and/or T precursors) can also be involved.

[Action of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on mouse hematopoietic stem cells]. / Deistvie vaktsiny Bordetella pertussis na stvolovye krovetvornye kletki myshei.

Intravenous inoculation of killed Bordetella pertussis vaccine into BALB/c, CBA, C57Bl/6 mice or (CBA x C57Bl/6) F2 hybrids 1 day or 3 days before sublethal irradiation (5.5 Gy) was shown to sharply increase the endogenous colony formation in the spleen 9 days after irradiation. Moreover, the CFUs content of the spleen and bone marrow was also enhanced 1 and 3 days after vaccination of the mice with 10(10) cells B. pertussis as revealed by the exocolonization technique (Till and McCulloch). Thus, a single injection of B. pertussis vaccine hastened the hematopoietic recovery after irradiation.

[Description of the effect of polyclonal mitogens on a population of splenic lymphocytes in the presence of serum against isologous aggregated mouse immunoglobulins]. / Osobennosti deistviia poliklonal'nykh mitogenov na populiatsiiu limfotsitov selezenki v prisutstvii syvorotki k izologichnym agregirovannym immunoglobulinam myshi.

Antiserum against isologous aggregated mouse immunoglobulins was shown to be mitogenic for spleen cells during the first 48 hours of culture. The mitogenic effect of the serum factor is mediated through T lymphocytes and may be macrophage-dependent. Whe incubated with spleen cells the serum was demonstrated to inhibit the DNA synthesis in B cells in response to sulfate dextran and lipopolysaccharide. Experiments with B cells and the thymidine "suicide" test suggest that the target cells for the serum factor may reside in the population of radiosensitive and highly proliferating B lymphocytes. The degree of suppressing by the antiserum factor depends on the differentiation stage and the presence of antigen-binding receptors on the membrane of B cells.

[Mitogenic action of the murine serum factor to isologous aggregated immunoglobulins on splenic cell proliferation]. / Mitogennoe deistvie faktora syvorotki k izologichnym agregirovannym immunoglonulinam myshi na proliferatsiiu kletok selezenki.

The authors studied the action of the mouse serum (MAAS) taken 6 days after isologous aggregated immunoglobulin injection on proliferation of spleen cells in vitro. MAAS was shown to exert a slight stimulant action on spleen cells at concentrations 1:40-1:60 with the peak reached after 48 hours. At these concentrations MAAS also potentiated cellular response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concavalin A (Con A). The response to Con A was more pronounced, that suggests its reaction with Fc receptor-bearing cells as MAAS probably interacts with Fc receptors. The nature of the MAAS factor and its possible identity with the factor formed during the treatment of the cells in vitro with the aggregated immunoglobulin are discussed. The results obtained are in accordance with the earlier hypothesis that the role of MAAS in antitumour and grafit immunity might be connected with the mitogeneic activity of the serum.

[Mechanism of the protective effect of antiserum against isologous aggregated mouse immunoglobulins in transplantation immunity]. / Mekhanizm zashchitnogo éffekta antisyvorotki protiv izologichnykh agregirovannykh immunoglobulinov myshi pri transplantatisionnom immunitete.

The injection of antiserum against isogeneic aggregated mouse immunoglobulins prolonged the survival time of skin allografts in mice by 5-6 days. The study of the possible mechanisms of this phenomenon revealed that the injection of aggregated immunoglobulin antiserum decreased the ability of the lymphocytes of the animals receiving the antiserum to induce local "graft versus host" reaction and to proliferate in the blast transformation test in response to phytohemagglutinin treatment and in the mixed lymphocyte culture test. When added in vitro, the antiserum did not influence either the mixed lymphocyte, or the specific cytotoxic effect of immune lymphocytes, but stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation into the suspension of lymphocytes incubated with syngeneic irradiated cells. The latter fact may be indicative of the mitogenic action of the antiserum. The analogy between the mitogenic action of the antiserum and that of nonspecific mitogens, such as concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin which also show opposite effects in vivo and in vitro, is discussed. The conclusion has been made that the increase of the survival time of the skin allograft after the multiple injection of aggregated immunoglobulin antiserum was primarily due to its action on the recognizing and proliferative functions of T lymphocytes, and later due to an increase in IgG synthesis.