Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk: do we understand the relationship?

There is a large body of evidence documenting the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with the first double bond at the third position from methyl-terminal (so called omega-3 fatty acids (FAs)) on different components of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it may seem the more answers on the topic we learn, the more questions remain to be elucidated. There are three levels of evidence documenting the impact of fish omega-3 FAs on CVD risk. Epidemiological data have shown unequivocally the increased intake of fish is associated with lower CVD morbidity and mortality. Numerous experimental studies have shown (almost always) positive effects of omega-3 FAs on lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation and platelet function, endothelial function, arterial stiffness etc. Most importantly, there are a few prospective clinical endpoint trials (DART, JELIS, GISSI Prevenzione and GISSI-HF) that have examined the impact of omega-3 FAs supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in different patient populations. Recent meta-analyses of these and other clinical studies have yielded somewhat conflicting results. In this review we will summarize current evidence of omega-3 FAs effects on cardiovascular risk focusing on new data from recent clinical trials as well as possible practical implications for clinical practice.

[Biological mechanisms of aging]. / Biologické mechanizmy stárnutí.

Contemporary views on the mechanisms of aging and aging variations--progeria and longevity are presented. Replicative aging, the roles of glycation and free radicals on the genetical determination of progeria and longevity are discussed.

[Geriatric view on the health and disease in old age--changes in the paradigm?]. / Geriatrický pohled na zdraví a nemocnost ve stárí--zmena paradigmatu?

Article is aimed at the health status of seniors, their prognosis and namely at the conception of health and disease in old age. It calls attention to the paradigm changes that should overcome the predominating concentration on the disease and stress the functional status and the quality of life of the patient. Concepts of geriatric fragility, geriatric deterioration and geriatric syndromes are delimitated. Health potential based on the stamina, vitality and creative adaptability is accepted and its relation to Antonovian concept is given. Conclusion is given to the outlines of necessary systemic changes in the health care of seniors in order to adjust it better to their actual requirements.