RESUMO
RESUMO Cyrtocymura scorpioides (sin. Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.), Piracá é utilizada popularmente para tratamento de úlceras, traumatismos, candidíase, processos inflamatórios e dores musculares. Objetivou-se verificar nas plantas cultivadas na Vila Nair, Jardim São Dimas e Urbanova em São José dos Campos - SP, a influência da poluição veicular nos rendimentos da matéria seca (folhas), no óleo essencial, e no extrato bruto, bem como a ação citotóxica em células HEP-2 e L929, e identificar os componentes do óleo essencial e ação fungicida em Candida albicans. As estacas (54) foram cultivadas durante 6 meses em solo + adubo (2:1) na Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, e distribuídas nas estações Dutra (E1 - tráfego intenso), Teotônio (E2 - tráfego médio) e Urbanova (E3 - tráfego baixo), onde 18 mudas foram cultivadas durante 6 meses, sendo 3 repetições de 6 plantas. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação e seus componentes identificados por cromatografia gasosa acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (CG-MS), através de indice de similaridade com a base de espectros Wiley L. O extrato bruto foi concentrado por rotavapor. A ação fúngica foi avaliada pelo teste de difusão em disco e a citotoxicidade pelo teste MTT. Em Urbanova (E3) verificouse maior rendimento da matéria seca, do extrato bruto e do óleo essencial. Identificou-se no óleo essencial: ß-cariofileno, α-cariofileno, germacreno D, delta-cadineno e cariofileno. O Óleo Essencial possui possui baixa ação fungicida em C. albicans, enquanto o extrato hidroalcóolico se mostrou citotóxico para L929 e HEp-2.
ABSTRACT Cyrtocymura scorpioides (syn. Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.), known as Piracá, is popularly used for the treatment of ulcers, trauma, candidiasis, inflammatory disorders, and muscle pain. This study aimed to assess the influence of vehicular pollution on the yield of dry matter (leaves), essential oil, and crude extract, and the cytotoxic action in HEP-2 and L929 cells. This study also aimed to identify the components of the essential oil, and verify its fungicidal action against Candida albicans in plants grown in Vila Nair, Jardim São Dimas, and Urbanova, São José dos Campos - SP, Brazil. The seedlings (54) were grown in soil + fertilizer (2:1) at the Universidade do Vale do Paraiba - UNIVAP, and distributed to different stations, Dutra (E1 - heavy traffic), Teotônio (E2 - medium traffic), and Urbanova (E3 - low traffic), where 18 seedlings were cultivated for 6 months, with 3 replicates of 6 plants. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and its components were identified by by Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with a similarity index computed using the Wiley L spectra. The crude extract was concentrated in a Buchi Rotary Evaporator R-114, the fungicidal action and cytoptoxicity were evaluated using the disk diffusion method and the MTT test, respectively. In Urbanova (E3), high yields of dry matter, crude extract, and essential oil were obtained. The following components were identified in the oil: ß-caryophyllene, α -caryophyllene, germacrene D, delta-cardinene, and caryophyllene oxide. The oil was found to have low fungicidal action against C. albicans, while the hydroalcoholic extract was cytotoxic to L929 and HEP-2.
Assuntos
Vernonia/classificação , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Óleos Voláteis/classificação , Citotoxinas/análiseRESUMO
Os gliomas são tumores cerebrais definidos patologicamente pela presença de células com características histológicas e imuno-histoquímicas que evidenciam diferenciação glial. Dentre eles, os astrocitomas são os mais frequentes em adultos. Estes tumores normalmente apresentam infiltração difusa no tecido adjacente, são resistentes aos tratamentos e têm uma tendência natural para a progressão maligna. O tratamento padrão atual consiste na realização de ressecção cirúrgica do tecido tumoral seguida de radio e quimioterapia concomitantes, porém o prognóstico permanece extremamente pobre. O quimioterápico padrão-ouro no tratamento de GBM é o agente alquilante de DNA temozolamida (TMZ). Entretanto, os danos induzidos pela TMZ podem ser revertidos pela ação da maquinaria de reparo de DNA, impedindo a morte celular e levando à resistência do GBM ao tratamento. No presente estudo correlacionamos a expressão dos genes ATM, BRCA2, BRIP1, EXO1, NEIL3, RAD54L e XRCC2, envolvidos em reparo de DNA e sabidamente superexpressos em GBM, com a resistência das linhagens celulares T98G e U87MG ao tratamento com TMZ. Mostramos que a linhagem T98G é a mais resistente ao tratamento com TMZ, e apresenta superexpressão de BRCA2, BRIP1, EXO1, NEIL3, RAD54L e XRCC2 e sub-expressão de ATM. Vimos também que a linhagem U87MG, mais sensível ao tratamento com TMZ, apresenta expressão reduzida dos genes ATM, BRCA2 e EXO1. Portanto, estes dados sugerem uma correlação positiva entre a expressão de genes de reparo de DNA e a resistência das células de GBM à TMZ.(AU)
Gliomas are brain tumors pathologically defined by the presence of cells with histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of glial differentiation. Among them, astrocytomas are the most common in adults. These tumors usually show diffuse infiltration into adjacent tissue, are resistant to treatment and have a natural tendency to malignant progression. The current standard treatment consists in surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy. However, the prognosis remains extremely poor. The first line chemotherapy for GBM treatment is the DNA alkylating agent temozolamide (TMZ). Nevertheless, TMZ-induced damage can be reversed by the action of DNA repair machinery that prevents cell death and leads to relapse. In this study we correlated the expression of the DNA damage-signaling gene, ATM kinase, and the DNA repair genes BRCA2, BRIP1, EXO1, NEIL3, RAD54L and XRCC2, with the resistance of T98G and U87MG cell lines to TMZ. T98G cells were more resistant to TMZ treatment and showed overexpression of all DNA repair genes, while ATM kinase was down regulated. We also observed that U87MG cells, more sensitive to TMZ, have reduced expression of ATM, BRCA2 and EXO1. Therefore, these data suggest a positive correlation between the expression of DNA repair genes and the resistance of GBM cells to TMZ.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Alquilantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Impaired DNA repair efficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients has been reported in some studies, mainly regarding the repair of oxidative damage, but little is known about repair kinetics towards primarily single-stranded DNA breaks. In the present study, we aimed to investigate: (a) the efficiency of SLE peripheral blood leucocytes in repairing DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and (b) the association of DNA repair gene (XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Met and XRCC4 Ile401Thr) polymorphisms in SLE patients, considering the whole group, or stratified sub-groups according to clinical and laboratory features. A total of 163 SLE patients and 125 healthy controls were studied. The kinetics of DNA strand break repair was evaluated by the comet assay, and genotyping for DNA repair genes was performed by PCR-RFLP. Compared with controls, SLE leucocytes exhibited decreased efficiency of DNA repair evaluated at 30 min following irradiation. A significant association with DNA repair gene polymorphisms was not observed for the whole group of SLE patients; however, the XRCC1Arg399Gln polymorphism was associated with the presence of anti-dsDNA antibody. The concomitance of two DNA repair polymorphic sites was associated with the presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Taken together, these results indicated that SLE leucocytes repair less efficiently the radiation-induced DNA damage, and DNA repair polymorphic sites may predispose to the development of particular clinical and laboratory features.
